The Nilgiri (Kota-Toda) database, subordinate to the South Dravidian database
(which in its turn is subordinate to the Common Dravidian database).
Database structure.
1. Protoform. The Proto-Kota-Toda reconstruction.
2. Meaning. The reconstructed meaning.
3-4. Languages: Kota, Toda.
5. Derivatives.
6. Comments.
7. DED number.
8. South Dravidian etymology. Link to the upper level South Dravidian
database.
Select correspondences (work in progress).
Proto-Nilgiri | Kota | Toda |
*a | a | o, a |
*ā | ā | ō |
*ā [2nd syl.] | ā | ɨ |
*-ĭ | -y | -y |
*ī | ī | ɨ |
*ē | ē | ē |
*ai | a | ü |
*p | p | p |
*v | v | -f- |
*m | m | m |
*d | d | ɵ |
*n | n | n |
*ḍ | ṛ | ṛ |
*ḍḍ | ḍ | ḍ |
*ṇ | ṇ | ṇ |
*ṛ | g, ṛ, ḷ | ṛ, ḍ, 0 |
*ḷ | ḷ | ḷ, ɫ̣ |
*t̯ | t̯, t | t̯ |
*r̯ | r | r̯ |
*s | c | s |
*k | k | k |
*g | g | x |
*r | r | r |
*l | l | l, s_ |
*mb | mb, b | b |
*nt | nt | t |
*nḍ | nḍ | ḍ |
*nd̯ | nd̯ | d̯ |
*nǯ | nj | j |
*nʒ | nj | ʒ |
*ŋ(g) | ŋg | g |
*rk | k | rk |
*ŕk | k | šk |
*lg | lg | g |
*ṛk | k | k |
*-äv- | -v- | -f- |
*-äd- | -d- | |
*-ät- | -t- | -t- |
*-ǝg- | -g- | -x- |
*-ǝk- | -k- | -k- |
*-ǝv- | -v- | -f- |
*-ǝt- | -t- | -t- |
*-ǐd- | -c- | -s- |
*-ǐt- | -c- | -c- |
Comments.
PN *a > Toda a before -ä- in the 2nd syl.; before *-r-, *-ŕ-, *-l-, *-r_-; before -ṛ- < *-ṛ-.
PN *t_ > Kota t after long vowels in trans. verbal bases??
PN *l > Toda -s_ (auslaut), -l- (inlaut).
PN *ḷ > Toda -ɫ̣- before *-V-v- (in verbal stems).
PN *mb > Kota b in the *-C-V-mb- context.
Reflexation of PN *-ṛ-:
*-ṛk- > Kota, Toda -k-.
*-V-ṛ-i- > Kota -ḷc-, Toda -ḍy-.
*-a-ṛ-ǝ- > Toda ā (a in a few cases).