Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Chamacoco group (Zamucoan family).

Languages included: Ybytoso (= Ɨbɨtoso) [ysh-yby].

DATA SOURCES

I. Ɨbɨtoso

Ciucci 2013 = Ciucci, Luca. Chamacoco lexicographical supplement I. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. // A supplement to Ulrich & Ulrichʼs [2000] vocabulary of Chamacoco (Ɨbɨtoso dialect). The entries are not very detailed when it comes to semantics (only basic English glosses are provided), and cover only those terms that are not sufficiently well documented in [Ulrich & Ulrich 2000].

Ciucci 2016 = Ciucci, Luca. Inflectional morphology in the Zamucoan languages. Asunción: Centro de Estudios Antropológicos de la Universidad Católica (CEADUC). (Biblioteca Paraguaya de Antropología, 103.) // A very detailed description of the inflectional morphology of the Zamucoan languages, including Chamacoco. Includes an extended Swadesh list.

Ozuna Ortiz 2019 = Ozuna Ortiz, Andrés. Ɨbɨtoso awoso picho hn marõ awoso. Idioma ɨshɨr–ɨbɨtoso castellano: diccionario ilustrado. Asunción: Gráfica Sanguina/Unión de Comunidades de la Nación Yshir. // A vocabulary of Chamacoco (Ɨbɨtoso dialect) authored by a native speaker. The entries are not very detailed when it comes to semantics (only basic Spanish glosses are provided).

Ulrich & Ulrich 2000 = Ulrich, Mateo; Ulrich, Rosemary de. Diccionario ɨshɨro (chamacoco)–español, español–ɨshɨro (chamacoco). Asunción: Misión a Nuevas Tribus Paraguay. // A vocabulary of Chamacoco (Ɨbɨtoso dialect). The entries contain information on pronunciation and inflectional paradigms, but are not very detailed when it comes to semantics (only basic Spanish glosses are provided).

NOTES

The Chamacoco (Ɨshɨro, Ɨshɨr) people live mainly along the right bank of the Paraguay River in the Paraguayan department of Alto Paraguay, across the river from the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Their language is classified as Zamucoan, though other Zamucoan languages—Ayoreo and Old Zamuco—are only distantly related to Chamacoco. It is subdivided into two dialects, Ɨbɨtoso (Ebitoso) and Tomárãho. According to the 2012 Paraguayan census, 1,915 individuals identified themselves as Ɨbɨtoso and 152 as Tomárãho. The main Ɨbɨtoso communities, from north to south, are Puerto Caballo (20.1779° S, 58.1677° W), Puerto Diana (20.2543° S, 58.1665° W), Puerto 14 de Mayo/Karchabalut (20.3381° S, 58.1006° W), Puerto Esperanza/Ɨhnichta (20.3974° S, 58.0575° W), Misión Santa Teresita (21.0549° S, 57.8777° W) [Fabre 2007]. The community of Puerto María Elena/Pitiantuta/Potrerito (20.7540° S, 57.9468° W) has a Tomárãho majority, though some Ɨbɨtoso live there as well. Fuerte Olimpo/Escuela Rural is a mixed community, with some Ɨbɨtoso and Enenlhet living there.

The UTS transcription used for Chamacoco follows Ulrich & Ulrichʼs [2000] notes on pronunciation, including the presence vs. absence of a word-final glottal stop, the position of the stress, and the aspiration in [pʰ] and [tʰ], which are not indicated in the orthography. Vowel-initial words are represented as ʔ-initial, though ʔ is not phonemic in these cases.

Consonants:

UTS	Orthography	Notes
p	p
pʰ	p	Not phonemic.
b	b
m	m
m̥	hm
w	w
ʍ	hw
t	t
tʰ	t	Not phonemic.
d	d
n	n
n̥	hn
l	l
l̥	hl
ts	s-, -ts-
s	s	Rare word-initially.
ɹ	r
ɻɻ	rz, rrz	/ɹtɕ/
ɻʐ	rz	/ɹtɕ/
ɻʂ	rc	/ɹtɕ/
ɕ	ch
ʆ	sh
y	y
y̥	hy
k	k
kʷ	kw
x	j
ʼ	ʔ
h	h

Vowels:

UTS	Orthography
a	a
ɨ	ɨ
o	o
u	u
e	e
i	i
Ṽ	Ṽ, V
Vː	VV
Ṽː	VṼ, VV

Database compiled and annotated by: André Nikulin (April 2023).