Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *la:ŋ

Meaning: star, moon

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: WK *lɨ:ŋ / EK *la:ŋ

Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔŋ V?

Proto-Vietic: *lɔŋ, pǝ-

Proto-Palaungic: De pla:ŋ kiar

Proto-Khmu: *la:ŋ

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *lɨ:ŋ / *la:ŋ

Meaning: moon

Presyllable: Cǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *la:ŋ

Proto-East Katuic: *lɨ:ŋ

References: P-333

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *la:ŋ

Meaning: moon

Presyllable: ʔǝN- / rǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: raliang

Bru Van Keu meaning: moon

So: ʔali:a:ŋ.B

So meaning: moonlight

Bru: nliaŋ.B

Bru meaning: the waxing period of the moon (from the 10 to the 15 of the lunar month)

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *lɨ:ŋ

Meaning: moon

Presyllable: kǝ- / pǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: klɨ:ŋ

Pakoh meaning: moonlight

Taojh: klɨ:ŋ

Taojh meaning: moon

Lao Katu: klɨ:ŋ

Lao Katu meaning: moonlight

Ngeq: plɨ:ŋ ʔa:ŋ

Ngeq meaning: soon to be bright

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔ̆ŋ

Meaning: star

Presyllable: Cǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: sǝŋlɔŋ

Bahnar meaning: star

Proto-North Bahnaric: *loŋ.T, hǝ-

Harak: blu:ŋ V?

Cua: sǝlɔk star

References: PNB-140

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *loŋ.T, hǝ-

Meaning: star

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: hǝloŋ.T

Rengao meaning: star

Jeh form: hloŋ.T

Jeh meaning: star

Sedang form: hǝlɔŋ.T

Sedang meaning: star, ear ring

Hre form: hǝlɔŋ.T

Hre meaning: star

Mo'dra: hǝnoŋ.T

Didra: hǝloŋ.T

References: PNB-140, GS-5

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *lu:ŋ, Pǝ-

Meaning: star

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: blu:ŋ

Alak: plu:ŋ

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *lɔŋ, pǝ-

Meaning: moon

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Tum: plaoŋ.33

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *laʔń

Meaning: star, moon

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *Cǝla:ŋ (cf. also lVŋ 'bright, shine', *la:ŋ id.)

Austroasiatic meaning: star, moon

Proto-Austronesian: *bulaN

Austronesian meaning: moon, month; menstruation

Austronesian code: 5:92

Proto-Thai: plǝ:ŋ.B bright, shine; plaŋ.B light, bright; *P-ʔnɨan^A moon

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVNV

Meaning : dawn, light

Eurasiatic : *lVwŋV

Sino-Caucasian : ? ST *ƛŏŋ 'burn, heat', *ƛ[a]ŋ 'light, bright'

Austric : PAA *Pǝla:ŋ 'star, moon', PAN *bulaN 'moon, month', Tai *P-ʔnɨan^A

Notes : ST may be < Austric.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lVwŋV

Meaning: dawn, noon

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *lúŋu ( ~ *ĺ-, -o-, -i)

Uralic: *lowna

Eskimo-Aleut: *nuŋǝru- (~ *ni-)

References: Suggested by V. Glumov.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *lúŋu ( ~ *ĺ-, -o-, -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: morning or evening dawn

Russian meaning: утренняя или вечерняя заря

Tungus-Manchu: *luŋur

Korean: *nò'ɨ̀r

Japanese: *núN- / *núiN- / *núaN-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *luŋur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: evening, dusk

Russian meaning: вечер, сумерки

Evenki: luŋur

Comments: ТМС 1, 511. Attested only in Evk., with possible parallels in Kor. and Jpn.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *nò'ɨ̀r

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: morning or evening dawn, red glow in the sky

Russian meaning: утренняя или вечерняя заря

Modern Korean: nōl

Middle Korean: nò'ɨ̀r

Comments: Nam 111, KED 347.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *núN- / *núiN- / *núaN-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rainbow

Russian meaning: радуга

Old Japanese: nizi, nuzi, dial. n(w)ozi

Middle Japanese: nízì

Tokyo: nijí

Kyoto: níjì

Kagoshima: níji

Comments: JLTT 498-499. The word raises many problems, due to irregular reshapings. Most forms reflect *nVn-si, but there are some going back to *nVn-ki, like Akita nogi, Shuri nūǯi etc. (see ibid.), so we conclude that the original stem must have been *nuN-, with varying suffixation.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1408

Proto: *lowna

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: day, midday

German meaning: Tag, Mittag

Finnish: louna (lounaja, lounat) 'Südwest, Südwesten; Mittag', lounas (gen. lounaan) 'Lunch'

Estonian: lõuna (gen. lõuna), dial. lõunag 'Süd, Südost; Mittag'

Udmurt (Votyak): nunal (S G), nǝ̑nal (K), nu̇nal, ni̮nal (J) 'Tag', lum-te̮l (S) 'Südwind', lum-šur (S) 'Mittag'

Komi (Zyrian): lun (S), vun (P), lun (PO) 'Tag; Tageslicht'

Sammalahti's version: *lowna

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *nuŋǝru- (~ *ni-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: moon, star, light not bright

Russian meaning: луна, звезда, неяркий свет

Proto-Yupik: *nuʁ(r)u-, *nuʁǝra- (~ *ni-)

Proto-Inupik: *nuŋu-, *nuira- (<*nuŋru-, *nuŋǝrra-)

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *núʁ(r)u-, *nuʁǝ́ra- (~ *ni-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: light 1, to lighten 2

Russian Meaning: свет 1, освещать 2

Sirenik: núʁǝχ, //nuʁ(w)aχ [Rub.] 'moon', nuʁāsáχ, //nuʁǝciχ [Men.] 'star', núʁǝcǝ́χ 2

Chaplino: niʁúk (ɣǝt) 1, niʁúxtaqā 2, 'to be dawn', niʁúxtaʁaq (t) 'dawn'

Naukan: níʁafkaq 'mirage'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 133

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nuŋu-, *nuira- (<*nuŋru-, *nuŋǝrra-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: moon (not full)

Russian meaning: луна (неполная)

North Alaskan Inupik: nuŋu- 'to be old/ new moon'

Eastern Canadian Inupik: nuisajuq 'waxing crescent moon in first decade'

Greenlandic Inupik: nuŋu- 'to be new moon'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 237

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