Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *gɔh

Meaning: dry

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *gɔh, ʔǝl-

Harak: ŋhkɔh I?

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *gɔh, ʔǝl-

Meaning: dry

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: gɔh

Kaseng: lǝgɔh

Yaeh: gɔh

References: TB16.173

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *gɔh, lǝ(ŋ)-

Meaning: dry

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: ŋhkɔh

References: TB16.173

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *gɔh

Meaning: dry

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: EK *gɔh

Proto-Bahnaric: NWB *gɔh

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *gɔh

Meaning: dry

Presyllable: #/ ʔǝN-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-East Katuic: *gɔh

References: TK15.197b

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *gɔh

Meaning: dry

Presyllable: #/ ʔǝN-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Chatong: ŋkɔh.B

Kantu dialects: ʔaŋgâh

Triw: gɔh

Dakkan dialects (1): ʔagâh

Dakkan dialects (2): hǝgɔh

Dakkan meaning: dry

Katu dialects (1): gâh

Katu meaning: dry

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *kVj(X)

Meaning: dry

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *gɔh

Austroasiatic meaning: dry

Miao-Yao parallels: *qhai

Proto-Austronesian: *Raŋkay

Austronesian meaning: dry

Proto-Thai: *haɨ

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVJV

Meaning : to burn, boil

Eurasiatic : *ḳVju

Afroasiatic : *kaw-

Sino-Caucasian : NC *=īḳwV 'burn, set on fire'

Austric : *kVj(X) dry

Reference : ND 1238.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVju

Meaning: boil, burn

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *keu- (WP 1, 376) 9cf. also *(s)kAy-)

Altaic: *keju ( ~ k`-)

Uralic: *keje

Dravidian: *kāj-

Comments: Cf. *ḳVjwV(rV).

References: ND 1238 *Ḳä[h]uyV 'to heat, burn; boil, cook'.

Indo-European etymology :

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *keju ( ~ k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to boil

Russian meaning: варить

Turkic: *Kạjɨn-

Mongolian: *kajira-

Korean: *kò'ɨ̀-

Comments: A possible derivative is PA *keju-ŕ(ga) 'kettle': PT *Kāŕgan (ЭСТЯ 5, 186-188 - a contraction < *Kaj-rgan ?); Mong. kaji-sun ( < *kajir-sun); PTM *kejren (ТМС 1, 444); see KW 169; ЭСТЯ 5, 188. In that case PA *k- should be reconstructed.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kạjɨn-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to boil (Intr.)

Russian meaning: вариться

Old Turkic: qajɨn- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qajna- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kajna-

Tatar: qajna-

Middle Turkic: qajna- (Qutb., IM)

Uzbek: qɛjnɛ-

Uighur: qajna-

Azerbaidzhan: Gajna-

Turkmen: Gajna-

Khakassian: xajna-

Oyrat: qajna-

Yakut: kɨ̄j- (kɨńńɨ-)

Dolgan: kɨjnar-, kɨ̄jnar- (trans.)

Tuva: xajɨn-

Tofalar: xēin-

Kirghiz: qajna-

Kazakh: qajna-

Noghai: qajna-

Bashkir: qajna-

Gagauz: qajna-

Karakalpak: qajna-

Comments: VEWT 222, ЭСТЯ 5, 203-205, Stachowski 168, 171.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kajira-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to burn, roast

Russian meaning: жарить

Written Mongolian: qajira-, qaɣari- (L 907)

Khalkha: xajr-

Buriat: xajra-

Kalmuck: xǟr-

Dagur: xaira- (Тод. Даг. 172), xāri- (Тод. Даг. 174)

Shary-Yoghur: q`ạjru- 'to boil'

Comments: KW 180. Mong. > Man. χari- etc. (ТМС 1, 463, Doerfer MT 142).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kò'ɨ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to boil

Russian meaning: варить

Modern Korean: kō-

Middle Korean: kò'ɨ̀-

Comments: Nam 48, KED 137.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 281

Proto: *keje

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to boil, become ripe

German meaning: (intr.) kochen, gekocht, gar, reif werden

Finnish: keittä- 'kochen, durch Kochen bereiten', kiehu- 'sieden'

Estonian: kee- 'kochen; heiß sein, glühen, fiebern'

Saam (Lapp): kihte-, kėhte- (Kld. Not.), kipte-, ki̊pte-, ḱepte- (T) 'kochen' ?

Mari (Cheremis): küä- (KB), küa- (U) 'sieden; reifen', küja- (B) 'reifen, ausgebacken werden'

Hungarian: köved- (dial.) 'abgekocht, gedünstet werden', köveszt- (dial.) 'im großen und ganzen, halbwegs kochen, dünsten, abkochen'

Nenets (Yurak): kū- (kis.) 'reifen (die Beeren auf den Herbst zu)', kūBī (Nj.) 'reife weiche Sumpfbrombeere' ?

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kāj-

Meaning : to be hot; dry

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kāj-

Proto-Telugu : *kāj-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāj-/*kāŋ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kā[j]-

Proto-North Dravidian : *qāj-

Brahui : xāx-ar

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kāj-

Meaning : hot, dry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kāy (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to grow hot, burn, be warm (as body), wither, parch, be dried up, begin to heal (sore, wound, boil), shine, be indignant, angry, be prejudiced, hate; burn (tr.), consume, kill

Tamil derivates : kāyccal heating, drying, fever, hatred; kāyccu (kāycci-) to boil, cook, heat by fire, dry or warm as in the sun or near the fire, reprove; n. heating (as metal or a stone), boiling (as a liquid); kāyttu (kāytti-) to ignite, cause to burn, boil, cook, heat by fire; kāyppu dislike, aversion; kāymai envy, jealousy; kāŋkai heat, feverishness; kāŋku, kāŋkai earthen pot-boiler; (SATD) kāŋgalu sultriness; kāntu (kānti-) to burn, smart (as a sore), be scorched, charred, shine, be hot with indignation, burn with envy, be angry with, heat; kāṭṭu (kāṭṭi-) to heat, as a vessel of ghee

Malayalam : kāyuka

Malayalam meaning : to be hot, heated, feverish, shine, grow dry, warm oneself

Malayalam derivates : kāyal, kāypu what is warm, heat, dryness; kāykka, kāccuka to warm, boil, distil; kāccal heat, a still; kāccil heat, bodily heat; kāntuka to be hot; kāntal heat

Kannada : kāy (kāyd-, kād-)

Kannada meaning : to grow hot, grow red-hot, burn with passion, be angry

Kannada derivates : kāyisu, kāsu to make hot, etc.; kāypu, kāvu, kāhu heat, wrath, anger; kāvara, kāvura mental heat, passion, anger, wrath; kāku, kāŋke state of being overheated, irritated, tired from the effects of the sun, trouble, etc.; heat of any kind

Kodagu : kāy- (kāyuv-, kāñj-)

Kodagu meaning : to be hot, boil, bask in sun

Kodagu derivates : kāc- (kāci-) to boil (tr.), melt (ghee); kāca heat; kāyela illness

Tulu : kāyuni

Tulu meaning : to be hot, burn, be feverish, be angry

Tulu derivates : kāyipuni to make hot, warm (as water), fry, boil; kāyāvuni to have anything warmed, burned, boiled; kāvu heat, warmth; kāyilè sickness

Proto-Nilgiri : *kāj-

Number in DED : 1458

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *kāj-

Meaning : to be hot

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : kāy- (kāc-) "to become hot, warm oneself, bask in sun"

Toda : kōy- (kōs-) "to be hot, (sun, moon) shines, boil, bask in sun"

Additional forms : Also Kota kāc- (kāc-) to make hot, boil, dry before fire; kāŋg heat of fire or sun; ? kākōl a spit (kōl stick); Toda kōc- (kōč-) to heat (tr.), boil; kōs föṭy(k) lamp lit in funeral hut (cf. 5475); nīxoy- (nīxos-) to be thirsty (i. e. nīr water + kōy-)

Number in DED : 1458

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *kāj-

Meaning : warmth, heat, anger; warm, hot

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kā̃ka

Additional forms : Also kā̃gu to be heated, grow hot, boil, simmer, be angry; n. large pot, kettle, boiler; kā̃guḍu state of being heated; kā̃cu to heat, warm, boil; [1] kācu, [2] kāyu to shine; kā̃paḍamu fomentation; kā̃puḍu heating; (SAN) kā̃pu id.; kā̃pincu to make hot; kāvaramu pride of flesh, vigour of youth, pride, arrogance, infatuation (= Ka. kāvara)

Number in DED : 1458

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāj-/*kāŋ-

Meaning : to be hot

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : kāŋg- (kāŋkt-) "to become hot"

Naikri : kāŋg- "to become hot"

Naiki : kāp- "to heat, boil"

Parji : kāpip- (kāpit-) "to heat"

Ollari Gadba : kāyp- (kāyt-) "to boil (tr.; water, etc.)"

Salur Gadba : kāykil "fever"

Additional forms : Also Kolami kāŋgip- (kāŋgipt-) to heat (tr.); kāp- (kāpt-) to boil (tr.); Naikri kāp- to fry, boil; Naiki kāy- to be hot; kāyta hot; Parji (S) kā̃ka heat of boiling water; Ollari kāykir fever

Number in DED : 1458

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kā[j]-

Meaning : to be hot

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *kā-

Konda : kāp- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kāj-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kā-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *kā-

Meaning : hot; to heat

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : kāsānā "to become hot, be heated"

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : kāsānā "to become hot, be heated"

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kāsānā "to become hot, be heated"

Muria Gondi : kāsih- "to heat"

Maria Gondi : kāsih- "to heat"

Seoni Gondi : kācah- "to heat"

Koya Gondi : kāp- "to heat or warm"

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kāpānā "to heat or warm"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ko (Su.) kāp- to boil; Gondi_M kāsta hot; Gondi_Tr kāsuhtānā, Gondi_W kāsahtānā, Gondi_A (SR) kāsusānā to heat

Number in DED : 1458

Number in CVOTGD : 637, 661

Konda etymology :

Konda : kāp- (-t-)

Meaning: to boil, as water

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda kāmb- (-it-) to be boiled (as water), get warm; kāy- (-t-) to warm oneself at fireplace; (Sova dial.) kāŋka anger

Number in DED : 1458

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kāj-

Meaning : to warm oneself (in the sun or by the fire)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : kāy- (-t-)

Manda : kāy-

Additional Forms : Also Manda kānd- (sun) to be hot; to warm oneself in the sun; kāpi ki- to heat, roast

Number in DED : 1458

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kā-

Meaning : to be hot; to heat

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kānda (kāndi-) "to be hot"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kaiyali "to become hot (water, etc.)"

Kuwi (Schulze) : kāth'nai "to heat"

Parja Kuwi : kāp- (-it-) "to heat"

Kuwi (Mahanti) : kāndri "anger"

Kuwi (Israel) : kāy- (-it-) "to become hot"

Additional forms : Also Kui kāspa (kāst-) to make hot, heat; n. act of making hot; kāṛa (kāṛi-) to be hot (sun), (spirit) is distressed; Kuwi_F kaiyi hot; kaiyi kīali to heat; Kuwi_S kāka hot; Kuwi_Isr kānd- (-it-) to become hot; kāt- (-h-) to heat

Number in DED : 1458

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *qāj-

Meaning : to dry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : xāynā (xayyas) "to lose moisture, dry up, evaporate, lose flesh, waste away"

Malto : qāye "to become dry, wither, become lean, fade"

Additional forms : Also KUR xaixairnā to become quite dry, parched; xaidnā, xaidaʔānā to make dry, desiccate (by exposing to the sun, fire, or the air); (Hahn) xaikā dry, dried up, withered; MLT qeyre to be boiled, be hot; qeytre to boil, make hot.

Number in DED : 1458

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : xāxar

Meaning : fire, anger, jealousy

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 1458

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *kaw/y/ʔ- ~ *ʔ/yakʷ-

Meaning: set fire

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *kVwVy- 'burn' 1, 'kindle fire' 2

Western Chadic: *kaʔ- 'burn'

Central Chadic: *kuw/y- 'hot(ness)' 1, 'fire' 2, 'burn' 3, 'fry' 4

East Chadic: *kawVy- 'set fire' 1, 'roast' 2, 'stove' 3

South Cushitic: *ʔ/yakʷ- 'firestone'

Mogogodo (Yaaku): ikú 'fire' (Hei 125); rather <*ʔikʷ- than <*ʔig-

Notes: Cf. EDE I 159

Semitic etymology :

Number: 808

Proto-Semitic: *kVwVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'burn' 1, 'kindle fire' 2

Akkadian: kawû 1

Hebrew: kwy 1

Arabic: kwy [-i-] 2

Notes: Based on *kVw-

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *kaʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'burn'

Kifri=Giwo: kaʔʔ- [St]

Notes: Cf. also Tng kawɛ [JgT],Wrj, Kry kàw, Miya, Jmb kaw-, Paa kù, Cagu kuwa, Siri kúú [Sk], Ngz kàuyú [ShN] 'fry'

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *kuw/y-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'hot(ness)' 1, 'fire' 2, 'burn' 3, 'fry' 4

Munjuk: kuye 3 [TMnj]

Sukur: khũ 1 [CLR: 155]

Daba: kwuh 2 [Mo]

Musgoy: kū2 [CLR: 155]

Buduma=Yedina: ) káwái 4 [CLR: 155]

Lame: kókú 1 [Kr N 306]

Zime-Batna: kú 2 [CLR}

Masa: ku 2 [CLR: 139]

Banana: kuwà 1 [Kr]

Notes: C 12 *ku 'fire' [Sy]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *kawVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fire' 1, 'fry' 2, 'burn' 3, 'stove' 4

Lele: kūy 2 [CLR: 155]

Kabalai: kùyǝ́ 4 [Cp]

Kera: kí 3 [Eb]

Kwang: kāwú 4 [Jg]

Mobu (dial. Kwang): káw 4 [Jg]

Mubi: kɛ̀wī́ 1

Notes: Cf. redupl. in Kera kǝ́kǝ́w 'fireplace built out of 3 pieces of coal' [Eb]

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *ʔ/yakʷ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'firestone'

Iraqw (Mbulu): akw-esi 'firestone'

Asa-Aramanic: yogo-t 'firestone'

Notes: EDE I 159

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