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Bahnar etymology :

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Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔɔ̆k
Meaning: cough
Presyllable: kǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-North Bahnaric: *ʔok.T, kǝ-
Proto-West Bahnaric: *ʔɔk, kǝ-
Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *ŋɔk, ʔǝ- or ʔɔk, CǝN- I? xto cough xkaʔɔk ? < W xto cough xTB17.511 xSid: Chamic hǝʔoʔ xʔVk yko:ʔ y*ʔo:k ypig yK1033 y*ʔo:k ypig yʔo:k ypig yPossibly borrowed from Katuic yʔVk zkaʔ z*ʔăk zthat, there z*ʔak zthat, there zʔVk lVk {kɔ:l {*lɔ:k {kapok fibre {*lɔ:k {kapok fibre {*ʔɔ:k, dǝN- I? {kapok fibre {nlɔ:k {kapok fibre {TB4.16 {ʔVl |luaʔ |*ʔual |roast, cook |*ʔol.T, Cǝ- |roast |CHR ʔuǝl roast |SBS-700 |ʔVl }lɔ:ʔ }*ʔɔ:l }choke }cf. 2174 }*ʔo:l.T }choke, burp }CHR ʔɔ:l choke }SBS-418 }ʔVl ̃lǝʔ ̃*ʔǝ̆l ̃unable to swallow ̃cf. 2173 ̃*ʔɨl, kǝ-/tǝ- ̃unable to swallow ̃taʔɨ: ̃unable to swallow ̃Possibly borrowed from Katuic ̃ʔVl lu:ʔ *ʔu:l hungry *ʔu:l hungry ʔVl Аlo:ʔ А*ʔo:l Аpoint at АK1042 А*ʔo:l, cǝN-/cǝ- Аpoint at АnVm Бmǝn Б*nǝ̆m Бbelow, under Бkǝʔnǝm Бunder, beneath (not in D) БREN kǝʔnam.L below, under < BAH? БPNB-4 БʔVm Вmaʔ В*ʔăm Вgive Вcf. 2189 В*ʔam.T Вgive В*ʔam Вgive Вʔam (A) Вgive Вʔamʔ ВSPT, JS-200, TB17.493a ВʔVm Гmɔ:ʔ Г*ʔɔ:m Г#/sǝ- Гrotten Гcf. 75 Гʔo:m Гbe rotten, stink Г*ʔo:m.T Гbe rotten, stink Г*ʔo:m Гrotten Г*ʔɔ:m, sǝ- Гsmell good Гhaʔo:m Гrottem Гʔɔ:p rotten ГSPT, JS-446 ГʔVm Дma:ʔ Д*ʔa:m ДtǝN-/rǝ- Дmolar Дtǝʔŋa:m Дmolars Д*ʔa:m.T, #/rǝ- Дmolar, jaw ДʔVm Еmu:ʔ Е*ʔu:m / *ʔo:m Е# Еwinnow Еʔu:m Еwinnow rice Е*ʔu:m.L Еwinnow Е*gum, Cǝ- I? Еwinnow Е*ʔo:m Еwinnow Е*ʔo:m Еwinnow Еʔɨm V? Еwinnow ЕPNB-16, JS-596, TB17.308 ЕSome forms may be borrowed from Katuic ЕnVt Жton Ж*not Жrat Ж*k<ǝn>ot.T or *not.T, kǝ- Жrat, shrew ЖʔVm Зmɔ:ʔ З*ʔɔ:m Зencircle З*ʔɔ:m Зencircle (to trap an animal) ЗtVm Иmɔ:t И*tɔ:m Иmeet ИJEH to:m.T meet И*tɔ:m, bǝ- Иmeet, assemble ИkVw ЙwVg Й*gVw Йgow Йback side of knife blade Й*gVw.T Йback of knife ЙʔVn Кnǝ:ʔ К*ʔǝ:n Кnegative Кcf. 2187 К*ʔǝ:n Кnegative КʔVn Лnǝ:ʔ Л*ʔǝ:n Лmuch Лcf. 2186 Л*ʔǝ:n Лmuch ЛʔVn Мnǝ:ʔ М*ʔǝ:n Мgoitre, craw М*ʔɨ:n, tǝr- Мgoitre, craw МʔVn Нna:ʔ Н*ʔa:n / *ʔan Нgive Нcf. 2178 Нʔan Нgive Н*ʔa:n Нpermit, give НSBS-66 НʔVn Оńuʔ О*ʔŭń / *ʔu:ń О# Оfire Оʔuń Оfire, stove, lantern О*ʔuń.L Оfire О*ʔuń Оfire О*ʔu(:)ń Оfire О*ʔu:ń Оfire Оʔu:ń Оfire Оʔolh fire ОPNB-81, SPT, JS-759, TB1.41 ОʔVn ПqVʔ П*ʔVń ПI,me Пʔiń ПI, me П*ʔań ПI,me ПSBS-785, SBS-199 ПSB may be a KMR borrowing: ʔɔ:ń < OK ʔań "I, me" ПŋVn Рnɔ:ŋ Р*ŋɔ:n Рstretch Рkǝʔŋɔ:n Рstretch one's neck РʔVn СnVʔ С*ʔVn Сhe, she, it Сcf. 2194 С*ʔVn Сhe, she, it СPossibly borrowed from Katuic СʔVn Тnǝ:ʔ Т*ʔǝ:n Тthey Тcf. 2193 ТTR ʔʌ:n they Тʔǝ:n Тthey ТkVŋ Уŋɔ:k Уslope, mountain Уcf. 599 Уko:ŋ Уmountain, hillside У*kɔ:ŋ Уslope, mountain У*kɔ:ŋ Уland, as opposed to swamp УʔVp Фpǝ:ʔ Ф*ʔǝ:p Фcooked rice Фcf. 2197, 2200 Ф*ʔǝ:p Фcooked rice ФʔVp Хpǝʔ Х*ʔǝ̆p Хcook Хcf. 2196 Х*ʔap.L Хcook ХʔVp Цpi:ʔ Ц*ʔi:p ЦkǝC- Цcentipede Цkǝʔɛ:p Цcentipede Ц*ʒip.L, kǝ- Цcentipede Ц*ʔip, kǝr- Цcentipede Ц*ʒiǝp, gǝ- Цcentipede Ц*ʒi:p Цcentipede Цkaʒ́i:p Цcentipede ЦPNB-184, JS-330, TB2.31 ЦSome formes may be borrowed from KMR kʔe:p "centipede" ЦʔVp Чpa:ʔ Ч*ʔa:p ЧkǝN- Чyawn Чkǝʔŋa:p Чyawn ЧJEH kǝʔa:p.T yawn Ч*ga:p, ŋǝ- < *kǝN-ʔa:p Чyawn Ч*ha:p I? Чyawn Ч*ʔa:p, hǝN- Чyawn Чŋhga:p Чyawn ЧPNB-197, JS-102, TB17.480 ЧʔVp Шpǝ:ʔ Ш*ʔǝ:p Шwarm oneself at a fire Шcf. 2197 ШK1059 Ш*ʔǝ:p Шwarm oneself at a fire ШA possible borrowing from Katuic ШʔVp Щpe:ʔ Щ*ʔe:p Щsmall box with a lid Щ*ʔe:p Щsmall box with a lid ЩʔVq Ъhaʔ Ъ*ʔah Ъat, towards, from Ъ*ʔah Ъat, towards, from ЪCHR ʔa: from T? ЪʔVq Ыqiʔ Ы*ʔi Ыbasket ЫREN rǝʔi.L Ы*ʔi, lǝ- Ыbasket ЫSBS-262 ЫSid: Chamic lǝʔi ЫʔVq Ьqeʔ Ь*ʔe Ьoverthere, yonder Ь*ʔɛ Ьoverthere, yonder ЬʔVq Эqɔʔ Э*ʔɔ Эbamboo Эpǝʔɔ: Эlarge, tall bamboo Э*ʔo.T, pǝ- Эlarge bamboo Эsǝʔɔ: large bamboo ЭPNB-565, SPT ЭʔVʔ Юiʔ Ю*ʔi Юhave Юʔǝ:jʔ VT? Юhave Ю*ʔi.T Юhave ЮʔVq Яqoʔ Я*ʔo Яbowl, dipper Я*ʔo Яbowl, dipper ЯKS ʔo: bowl, dipper Яʔo: Яbowl, dipper ЯTB8.25 ЯʔVr аruǝʔ а*ʔuǝr аwoman а*ʔu:r, Cǝ- аwoman аʔVr бriaʔ б*ʔiar б# бchicken бʔiɛr бchicken б*ʔiar.T бchicken б*ʔiǝr бchicken б*ʔiǝr бchicken б*ʔiar бchicken бʔi:r бPNB-411, SPT, JS-242, TB2.8 бʔVr вro:ʔ в*ʔo:r вCǝ(N)- вwasp в*ʔu:r.T, hǝŋ- вwasp в*ʔo:r, tǝ- вwasp вʔVr гre:ʔ г*ʔe:r гdip up (fish, etc.) г*ʔe:r гdip up (fish, etc.) г*ʔe:r, kǝN- гdip up (fish, etc.) гTB17.139 гʔVr дra:ʔ д*ʔa:r дbelch д*ʔa:r, tǝ- дbelch дʔVt еtɔ:ʔ е*ʔɔ:t еsaw еK1071 еʔɔ:t еto saw е*ʔo:t.T еto saw е*ʔɔ:t еto saw еSBS-463 еʔVt жtiaʔ ж*ʔiat жlisten, hear ж*ʔiǝt жlisten жʔVt зtǝʔ з*ʔǝt зabstain з*ʔat.L зabstain зʔVt иto:ʔ и*ʔo:t иpoint и*ʔo:t, cǝ- иto point иʔVt йtu:ʔ й*ʔu:t йrake, harrow й*ʔu:t, hǝ- йto rake, harrow йcVc кcas к*săc кcome out involuntarily к*sac кcome out involuntarily кcVh лhac л*cah лred л*cah лred лcVh мhec м*ceh мput in м*cɛh мput in мcVl nVl нluac н*cual нappetizer н*c<an>ual нappetizer taken with a drink нhVk оkɔ:h о*hɔ:k оwear о*hɔ:k оwear clothes оcVk пkǝs п*sǝ̆k п# пtall grass п*sǝk пtall grass пpVj pVh āsǝ:p ā*pǝ:jh ātalk in one's sleep ā*pǝ:jh ātalk in one's sleep ācVj cVw ́wac ́*săw / *săj ́thou ́*saj / *saw ́thou ́wVc äcaw ä*wăc ä# ägastric juice ä*wac ägastric juice ärVh ̨hir ̨*rih ̨raw, green ̨cf. 1426 ̨ʔǝdrih ̨raw, alive ̨*rih.L, Cǝ- ̨green ̨nVw ǟwa:n ǟ*na:w ǟspur ǟ*na:w, ʒǝ- ǟspur (of fowl) ǟlVŋ c̣ŋǝl c̣*lǝ̆ŋ c̣bird c̣K3278 c̣*lǝŋ, gǝ- c̣bird sp. c̣pVk čkɔ:p č*pɔ:k čnicked, chipped č*pɔ:k, tǝ- čnicked, chipped čpVm č̣mǝp č̣*pǝ̆m č̣length č̣*pɨm, kǝ- č̣the length from the elbow to the wrist č̣rVj rVh δsǝ:r δ*rǝ:jh δlong of length δ*rɨ:jh, ʔǝ- δlong of length δʔVm ēmaʔ ē*ʔăm ē# ēcarry , hold in the hand ē*ʔam ēcarry , hold in the hand ēŋVq ºqaŋ º*ŋa ºclear, transparent ºK3922 º*ŋa, tǝ- ºclear, transparent ºA possible borrowing from Katuic ºʔVn ̇ńa:ʔ ̇*ʔa:ń ̇carry ̇*ʔa:ń ̇carry on back ̇cVq ̈quh ̈*hu CHE ̈burn ̈*[h]u, ʒ- ̈to burn ̈hu: ̈to burn ̈rVk ɛkɔr ɛ*rɔ̆k ɛpull out (hair) ɛ*rɔk, pǝ- ɛpull out (hair) ɛcVm ʡmoc ʡ*com ʡkiss ʡtǝcum I? ʡto kiss ʡ*cum.T, #/tǝ- ʡkiss ʡPNB-9 ʡBAH initial is irregular thus indicating a borrowing; PChamic *cum "kiss, smell" (TH-354) ʡrVc ̯quail ̯*rua
References: SBS-172
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-nob,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-refer,

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North Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ʔok.T, kǝ-
Meaning: choke, cough
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Rengao form: hǝʔok.T
Rengao meaning: cough
Jeh form: kǝʔok.T
Jeh meaning: cough
Sedang form: kǝʔɔ̃.L
Sedang meaning: cough; khoa.L choke
Hre form: kǝʔɔk.T
Hre meaning: cough
References: PNB
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-hre,nobet-hreme,nobet-refer,

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West Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *ʔɔk, kǝ-
Meaning: cough
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Jaru form: kǝʔɔk
Jaru meaning: cough
Lavi: kaʔɔk
Nhaheung form: gɔk, ŋɔk PI?
Nhaheung meaning: cough
Brao form: kǝʔâk
Brao meaning: cough
References: JS-539
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-lve,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: wVk
Meaning: teach
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: fɨk to train
Khmer: pǝŋwɨk
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kmr,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: pǝŋwɨk
Meaning: to tain, to drill
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Comments: JP derive the word from wɨk to move
References: JP348
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-comm,kmret-ref,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *wVk
Meaning: teach
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: wVk
Austroasiatic meaning: teach
Proto-Thai: fɨk to train
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : HVKV
Meaning : eye, see
Eurasiatic : *HuḲa
Afroasiatic : *ʕaḳ-
Sino-Caucasian : *=agwV
Austric : ? *wVk 'teach, train'
Amerind (misc.) : ? *ka 'ear' (actually 'hear') (R 203) [+ K]; *yok 'know' (R 409) [H P CA An MC MG]; *kʷa 'know' (R 411) [H CA C P E MC MP]; *ʔuka 'see' (R 612) [P H MT]
Reference : МССНЯ 333, ОСНЯ 1, 255-256; GE 77 *ʔuḳa (with more Amer/ data).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *HuḲa
Meaning: eye, see
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *okʷ-
Altaic: *úk`u
Dravidian: *āk- (?); ?*o(i)k- 'to see' (Naiki oyk-, vayk-, DED 987)
Eskimo-Aleut: *uki(r)- (cf. also *ukvǝ 'to believe')
References: МССНЯ 333, ОСНЯ 1, 255-256; ND 125 *ʡuḲa ~ *ʡukVʔa (in IE also comparing - as a variant - *euk- 'to learn, get accustomed').
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *okʷ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: eye
Tokharian: A ak, dual. aśäṃ, B ek (PT *ek) 'eye' (Adams 74-75)
Old Indian: ákṣi n., gen. akṣṇáḥ, du. nom. akṣī́ `eye'; kṣaṇa- m. `instant, twinkling of an eye'; prátīka- n. `exterior, surface; adj. directed towards', ánīka- n. `face, appearance, front'
Avestan: du. aši 'die (beiden) Augen' (für *axši nach uši 'Ohren'); ainīka- m. 'Antlitz'
Armenian: akn, gen. akan, pl. ačhkh `Auge, Öffnung, Loch' (u-St.)
Old Greek: ep., poet. du. ósse n. `die beiden Augen'; dial. ókkon = ophtalmón Hsch., ómma, -atos n. `Auge', pl. óppat-a (Sappho), óthmata n. (Kall., Nik., Hymn. Is.) `Augen'; ; ophthalmó-s `Auge', óktallos (Boeot.) m. 'eye' Hdn.Gr., restored in Corinn.; óssomai̯ `(geistig) schauen, ahnen, ahnen lassen'; fut. ópsomai̯, aor. ophthē̂nai̯, pf. ō̂mmai̯; pf. ópōpa `ich beobachte, nehme wahr, erblicke, betrachte'; opōpǟ́ f. `Beobachtung, Anblick, Auigapfel', pl. `Augen'; opǟ́ f. `Lücke, Öffnung; óp-s, gen. opós f. `Auge, Gesicht'; dí-, ẹ̄́s-, én-, kát-optro-n n.; *ōp-: ẹ̄s ō̂pa `Auge in Auge', kat-en-ō̂pa `ins Angesicht, entgegen', pl. dat. ṓpessi, acc. ō̂pas, ō̂pa m., n. `Auge, Gesicht, Antlitz'
Slavic: *oko, gen. *očese, du. *očī; *okъno;
Baltic: *ak-i- c., *ak-ā̂, *ak-a- c.
Germanic: *aug-an- n.; *a(g)w-n-ō- vb., *aug-ia- vb.
Latin: oculus, -ī m. `Auge'
Celtic: *eni-kʷo-: OIr enech `Gesicht, Antlitz'; MCymr enep `Gesicht, Antlitz', MBret enep `Gesicht, Antlitz; gegen'
Albanian: sü Auge
Russ. meaning: глаз
References: WP II 169 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: о́ко,
Near etymology: род. п. -а I "глаз"; поэт., мн. о́чи, укр. о́ко, др.-русск. око, прилаг. очесьнъ, ст.-слав. око, род. п. очесе ὀφθαλμός, ὄμμα (Супр.), дв. очи, болг. око́, дв. очи́, сербохорв. о̏ко, о̏чи, словен. оkо̑, род. п. оčе̑sа, дв. оčȋ, чеш., слвц., польск. оkо, в.-луж. wоkо, н.-луж. hоkо. Праслав. оkо -- основа на -еs- в ед. и мн., на -i -- в дв.; см. Долобко, ZfslPh 3, 131.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. akìs "глаз", лтш. асs, др.-прусск. ackis, греч. ὄσσε, им. дв. (из *оqi̯е), др.-инд. akṣī -- то же, арм. akn, род. п. аkаn "глаз, отверстие, дыра", лат. oculus "глаз", гот. augô, тохар. А. аk, В еk "глаз", далее греч. ὄψομαι "увижу", ὄμμα "глаз", εἰς ὦπα "в лицо"; см. Траутман, ВSW 4 и сл.; Арr. Sprd. 296 и сл.; М.--Э. 1, 6; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 241 и сл.; Хюбшман 413; Шпехт 74; Мейе, Ét. 205; И. Шмидт, Pluralb. 251 и сл.
Pages: 3,128-129
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *ak-i- c., *ak-ā̂, *ak-a- c.
Meaning: eye
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: akì-s `Auge, Masche, rundes Loch'; akà, ãka-s `Wuhne'
Lettish: acs (gen. -s, pl. gen. acu/aču) `Auge; Knospe, Öhr; offene, Wasser enthaltende Gruft im Morast', aka `Brunnen'
Old Prussian: ackis, ackins Augen V. 80
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *augan; *a(g)wnōn- vb., *augian- vb.
Meaning: eye
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: augō m. (n) `eye', CrimGot pl. oeghene `oculi'; *augjan, at-augjan wk. `show'
Old Norse: auga n. `Auge'; eygja `mit einer Schlinge versehen; die Augen richten'
Norwegian: auga; öygja
Old Swedish: ōghia vb.
Swedish: öga
Old Danish: öghä, öge; öie vb.
Danish: öie
Old English: ēage (angl. ēge), -an n. `eye; eye of a needle', īwan (-de) `show, bring before the eyes, display, reveal'
English: eye
Old Frisian: OWFris { auwa }, āwa `zeigen'
Old Saxon: ōga; ōgian, tōgian
Middle Dutch: ōghe n.; ōghen, flam. tōghen `tonen, bewijzen'; tōnen `zeigen'; tōghenen
Dutch: oog n.; betogen; tonen
Old Franconian: ōga, ouga; ōgon; ōginon
Middle Low German: ōge
Old High German: ougen (8.Jh.); awi-zoraht `augenscheinlich'; ouga n. `Auge' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: oug(e) wk. n. 'auge'; md. zounen, zōnen wk. 'shen lassen, zeigen, offenbaren'; ougen, öugen wk. `vor augen bringen, zeigen'
German: Auge n.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1412
Root: okʷ-
English meaning: to see; eye
German meaning: `sehen'
General comments: daneben ok-, s. dort
Derivatives: okʷ-, okʷi-, okʷ(e)n- (dieser St. in den Kasus obliqui), okʷ(e)s-, okʷ-þ- `Auge'
Material: Arisch außerhalb der Komposita nur Formen vom St. *okʷþ- (worauf z. T. der i- und n-St. geschichtet ist):

    Ai. ákṣi n. `Auge' (dieser i-St. ved. nur Nom. Akk. Sg. und in Kompositis, akṣi-pát `ein wenig', nachved. auch in den bh-Kasus und im Lok. Pl.), Gen. Sg. akṣ-ṇ-áḥ usw., Nom. Du. akṣī́ = av. aši `die (beiden) Augen' (vgl. *okʷī ds. in lit. akì, abg. oči und als Grundlage von arm. ač̣-k` und gr. ὄσσε), Bildung vom kons. St. *akṣ-; dieser St. akṣ- auch in ved. an-ák `blind'; av. aši für *axšī nach uši `Ohren', vgl. av. aiwy-āxšayeinti `sie beaufsichtigen', aiwyāxštar- `Aufseher'; redupl. ai. ī́kṣatē `sieht' (idg. *īkʷ- aus *i-okʷ-); akṣá- m. `Würfel', d. i. `mit Augen versehen';kṣaṇa- m. n. `Augenblick' (scheint aus einem Lok. *[a]kṣán erwachsen); nicht übergewuchert ist der þ-St. in die verdunkelten Komposita ai. prátīka- `zugewandt, entgegengesetzt', n. `Antlitz' (: πρόσ-ωπον), ánīka- n. `das Zugekehrte, Vorderseite', av. ainīka- m. `Antlitz' (*proti, *eni + okʷ-; vgl. slav. nicь unter *ni- `nieder'), ghr̥tā́cī f. `fettig (aussehend); Opferlöffel', śvitīcī́ f. `glänzend';

    arm. (mit expressiver Geminata) akn, Gen. akan `Auge, Öffnung, Loch' (n-St.), Nom. Pl. ač̣-k` pluralisiert aus dem Nom. Du. *okʷi;

    gr. ὄσσε Nom. Du. `Augen' (*okʷi̯e für *okʷī), att. *ὄττε, wovon τριοττίς `Halsschmuck mit drei gläsernen Augen'; ὄσσομαι `sehe (geistig), ahne', att. ὀττεύομαι `ahne, fürchte'; ὄψομαι `ich werde sehen', ὄπωπα `habe gesehen'; ὀπῑπεύω `gaffe nach', παρθενοπί̄πης `Mädchengaffer' mit redupliz. Wurzel ὀπ (ι + οπ > ῑπ-); ὄμμα `Auge' (*ὄπ-μ), ὀφθ-αλ-μός `Auge' (*okʷþh- mit expressiver Aspirata?); ohne Aspirata böot. ὄκταλλος; mit (nach ὀπός usw.) analogischem π; lak. ὀπτίλος, epidaur. ὀπτίλλος; ähnlich verhält sich ὄκκον ὀφθαλμόν zu lesb. ὄππατα `ὄμματα' (wohl mit expressiver Geminata); ὀπή `Lücke, Öffnung' (ἐνόπαι f. Pl. `Ohrringe' u. dgl., πολυ-ωπός `Netze mit vielen Öffnungen oder Maschen'); dehnstufig ὤψ `Gesicht'; πρόσωπον `Antlitz', μέτωπον `Stirn', Κύκλ-ωψ, βο-ω̃πις u. dgl.; μύ-ωψ `kurzsichtig'; daneben αἶθ-οψ u. dgl. mit Kürze (vergleichbar lat.atr-ōx, fer-ōx); vielleicht gr. ὄπις `ehrfürchtige Scheu; Strafe, Vergeltung', eig. `animadversio'?; ἴψαο `du hast zurechtgewiesen, bestraft', ἐν-ιπή `tadelnde, rügende Anrede', ἐνί̄σσω (geneuert ἐνί̄πτω), Aor. ἠνί̄παπον und ἐνένῑπον `tadeln, rügen, ahnden, tätlich zurechtweisen' (idg. *īkʷ- aus redupl. *i-o, vgl. ai. ī́kṣatē);

    alb. `Auge' (: lit. akìs);

    lat. oculus `Auge' (ōkʷelo-s); atr-ōx `gräßlich' (zu āter, oben S. 69), fer-ōx `wild' (zu lat. ferus, oben S. 493), usw. (: gr. μύ-ωψ `kurzsichtig', usw.);

    air. enech, mcymr. enep `Gesicht, Antlitz', mbret. enep ds. und Präp. `gegen', und cymr. wyneb `Antlitz', acymr. let-einepp `halbe Seite' sind unklar;

    im Germ. finden wir neben dem St. *aʒw- (*ókʷ-, ahd. ac-siuni f. `species', auc-siuno `evidenter') : *awi- (*okʷí-) in ahd. awi-zoraht `augenscheinlich', ags. ēawis (*ēaw-wis) `offenbar', ēawan `zeigen, offenbaren', afries. āwia, auwia ds. (*awjan), mhd. z-ounen, mndl. t-ōnen `zeigen' (mit verkürztem Präfix); daneben germ. *aun- (*okʷ-én-); durch Ausgleich und Einfluß von *ausō `Ohr' entstand ein St. *auʒan-: krimgot. Pl. oeghene (oe = ö), dann got. augō, aisl. auga, ahd. ouga, ags. ēage n. `Auge'; St. *augja- in got. and-augi n. `Antlitz', ags. and-ēages, amd. and-ouge `angesichts', aisl. -eygr, ahd. -ougi, ags. -ēaged `-äugig';

    lit. akìs `Auge', akì (= abg. oči) `die beiden Augen', lett. acs `Auge', apr. ackis Nom. Pl. `Augen', abg. oko (russ. óko), Gen. očese, Du. oči `Auge'; lit. akýlas `aufmerksam', poln. obaczyć (dehnstufig) `sehen, bemerken, erblicken', woraus durcb Suffixverkennung (ob : o): baczyć `achtgeben, aufpassen, wahrnehmen, sehen'; vom n-St. serb.-ksl. okno `Fenster'; vgl. engl. (aisl.Lw.) wind-ow ds., eig. `Windauge';

    Zugehörigkeit von lit. ākas `Wuhne, Loch im Eise', lett. aka `gegrabener Brunnen', russ. Flußname Oká (anders oben S. 23), lit. eketė̃ (aketė̃, akytė) `in das Eis gehauenes Loch zumWasserschöpfen, Wuhne', lett. akate `mit Wasser gefüllte Grube im Morast' wahrscheinlich: `Wasserauge', vgl. `Meeraugen' als Bezeichnung der Tatraseen;

    toch. A ak, Du. aśäṃ, В ek, Du. eśane n. `Auge'; A ak-mal `Gesicht' (`Auge + Nase'); vgl. W.Schulze Kl. Schr. 248.

References: WP. I 169 ff., WH. II 200 ff., Benveniste Origines 1, 48, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. 1, 299, Petersson Heterokl. 121.
Pages: 775-777
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *úk`u
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to understand, look into
Russian meaning: понимать, всматриваться, выяснять
Turkic: *uk-
Mongolian: *uka-
Tungus-Manchu: *oksa-
Japanese: *úká-(n)káp-
Comments: KW 447, ОСНЯ 1, 255-256 (Turk.-Mong.); АПиПЯЯ 289, МССНЯ 333. Despite Щербак 1997, 167, there is hardly a reason to regard Mong. as a loan from Turkic.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *uk-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to understand 2 to hear
Russian meaning: 1 понимать 2 слышать
Old Turkic: uq- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: uq- (MK, KB) 1
Tatar: dial. ux- 2
Middle Turkic: uq- (IM, Qutb)
Uzbek: uq- 1
Uighur: uq- 1
Azerbaidzhan: dial. uɣuz 'knowing much'
Khakassian: ux- 1, 2
Shor: uq- 1
Oyrat: dial. uq- 2
Tuva: uɣ- 1
Kirghiz: uq- 2
Kazakh: uɣɨn- 1
Karakalpak: uq- 1
Comments: VEWT 511-12, EDT 77-8, ЭСТЯ 1, 584-585. Turk. > Hung. ok 'reason', see Gombocz 1912.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *uka-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to understand, think 2 mind
Russian meaning: 1 понимать, думать 2 ум
Written Mongolian: uqa- 1 (L 890); uqaɣa(n) 2 (L 891)
Middle Mongolian: uxa'an 2 (HY 49), uqa- (HY 33, SH) 1, uqa 2 (SH)
Khalkha: uxa- 1; uxā 2
Buriat: uxa- 1; uxā(n) 2
Kalmuck: uxǝ- 1; uxān 2
Ordos: uxā, uxān 2
Dagur: ogo, owo 'brain' (Тод. Даг. 159), ukā 2 (Тод. Даг. 170) uhān 2(MD 231)
Shary-Yoghur: χGua-tu 2
Comments: KW 447, MGCD 684. Mong. > Evk. ukān etc., see Doerfer MT 109.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *oksa-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to submerge in thoughts 2 to change one's mind 3 to resent, be offended
Russian meaning: 1 задумываться 2 одуматься, передумать 3 обижаться
Evenki: okso- 1
Even: oɣsa- 2
Nanai: oqsa- (Он.) 3
Comments: ТМС 2, 11.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *úká-(n)káp-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to look into, inquire
Russian meaning: всматриваться, осведомляться
Old Japanese: ukakap-
Middle Japanese: ukagaf-
Tokyo: ùkaga-
Kyoto: úkágá-
Kagoshima: ukagá-
Comments: JLTT 778.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *āk- (?)
Meaning : to know
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-North Dravidian : *āq-
Notes : An isolated NDR isogloss, but possibly archaic. // Present in 1/6 branches.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *āq-
Meaning : to know
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : axnā (axcas, akkhas) "to know, realize, experience, mistake for"
Malto : āge (aqqa) "to know, understand"
Notes : The lack of vowel length in Kurukh is probably secondary (possibly due to the influence of nominal derivatives where the vowel was shortened before clusters). Inlaut -g-, -g̣- in Malto and -x- in Kurukh point to PNDR *-q- (PNDR *āq-nā > Kurukh ax-nā, PNDR pret. *āq-as > Kurukh akkh-as with the regular gemination *-q- > *-qq- > -kkh-). The preterite form in Malto - with gemination, no less - is unclear.
Additional forms : Also KUR axkā, akhkā knowledge, experience; MLT āg̣re to get accustomed to.
Number in DED : 17
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-notes,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,

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Eskimo etymology :

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Proto-Eskimo: *uki(r)-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to stare at
Russian meaning: смотреть пристально, уставиться
Proto-Inupik: *ukki-ri-, *ukki-tǝ-
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-inup,

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Inupik etymology :

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Proto-Inupik: *ukki-ri-, *ukki-tǝ-
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: to stare at
Russian meaning: смотреть пристально, уставиться
Eastern Canadian Inupik: ukiji-, ukkiji- 'to stare fixedly at point'
Greenlandic Inupik: ukkiti- 'to stare at sth.', ukkiši- 'to stare straight ahead'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 363
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕaḳ/k-
Meaning: know, see
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Egyptian: ʕk 'learn' (a)
Central Cushitic (Agaw): *ʔaḳ- 'see, know' (?)
Low East Cushitic: *ak- 'know' 1, 'see' 2
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-agw,afaset-lec,

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Egyptian etymology :

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Old Egyptian: ʕk
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'learn' (a)
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,

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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

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Proto-Agaw: *ʔaḳ-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'see, know'
Qwara: ax-
Dembea: ax-
Qemant: ax-
Awiya (Aungi): -aq-
Damot: y-aḳ-
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-kwr,agwet-dmb,agwet-kem,agwet-aun,agwet-dmt,

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Low East Cushitic etymology :

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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *Hak-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'know' 1, 'see' 2
Dasenech (Geleba): ɔk- 1
Konso: -(y)ak- 2
Bussa: haake 2
Gidole (Dirasha): -ak(i) 2
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-gel,lecet-kon,lecet-bus,lecet-gdl,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=axgwV
Meaning: to look, see
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *=agwV
Sino-Tibetan: *kʷēn (~ *gʷ-)
Yenisseian: *qo ( ~ χ-)
Basque: *be=gi (or *b=egi)
Comments and references : Acceptable if -n is suffixed. NSC 54 *-gwV.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=agwV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to see
Proto-Nakh: *gu- / *=ag-
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *-Vg-
Proto-Tsezian: *=[e]g̥1̇ʷ- A
Proto-Lak: k:ʷa=k:ʷa-
Proto-Dargwa: *gʷ- / *=irg(ʷ)-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔak:ʷä-
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. An Ablaut grade *=igwV can also be reconstructed (represented in PD *=irg(ʷ), PL: Tab. i=g-; in a prefixless form it lost the initial syllable and is reflected as PN *gu-, PD *gʷ-).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *gu- / *=ag-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: see
Chechen: g-
Ingush: g-
Batsbi: gu-,=ag-
Comments: The PN paradigm (term. *=ag-, dur. *gu-) has been preserved in Bacb.; Chech. and Ing. lost the terminative stem (because of the development *-g- > -0-).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *-Vg-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: see
Akhvakh: hari-gu-
Comments: An important Akhv. archaism (not preserved in other languages). The word is probably a compound of hari- (see under *ʡwerV) 'look' + *-Vg- 'to see'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *=[e]g̥1̇ʷ- A
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: see
Tsezi: =ikʷ-
Ginukh: =ük-
Khvarshi: =akʷ-
Inkhokvari: =akʷ-
Bezhta: =egā-
Comments: PTsKh *=[e]kʷ (unclear is -a- in Khvarsh. and Inkh.).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: k:ʷa=k:ʷa-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to see, meet, experience
Lak form: k:a=k:a-
Comments: A reduplicated stem (pr. praet. k:a=k:-un). In a non-reduplicated form the root can be discovered in =ur-ugʷa- 'to look' (with *ʡwerV 'look' in the first part), lug-la-n (Khosr. luga-n) 'to search'. Lak. =ur-ugʷa- ( < *=ur-igʷa-) was probably borrowed in Arch. rig a=a-s 'to find'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *gʷ- / *=irg(ʷ)-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to look
Chiragh: ʕul=irg-
Comments: In Chir. a compound with ʕul- 'eye'. Cf. also Ur. gʷ- 'to see'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔak:ʷä-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to see 2 to search 3 to show
Lezghian: ak:ʷa- 1
Tabasaran: a=g- 2
Agul: agʷ- 1
Rutul: h-a=gʷa- 1
Tsakhur: h-a=gʷa- 3
Archi: =ak:u-
Udi: ak:-sun
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. uga- / agʷa- 'to search'. Belongs to the weak verb class. Reconstruction of *-ä is conditioned by Lezg. (ak:ʷa-, praet. ak:u-na), Rut. (-a=gʷa-, plur. -a=gʷe-s) and Arch. (-u-s) forms. With a preverb cf. Rut. aq-a=gʷa- 'to find'.

    See Бокарев 1961, 63; Лексика 1971, 243; Гигинейшвили 1977, 78.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kʷēn (~ *gʷ-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: glance at, regard
Chinese: *kʷēn glance at.
Lushai: khon regard, pay attention to.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: juān
Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷēn
Classic Old Chinese: kwēn
Western Han Chinese: kwjān
Eastern Han Chinese: kwiān
Early Postclassic Chinese: kwiēn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwiēn
Late Postclassic Chinese: kwiēn
Middle Chinese: kwien
English meaning : glance at, look askance [LZ]
Comments: Also read *kʷēn-s, MC kwìen, Pek. juàn id.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0228 i
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *qo ( ~ χ-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to see
Ket: d-ba-ŋ-sɔ-ʁɔ, praet. d-ba-ŋ-lɔ-ʁɔ (South., W. 2, 29)
Yug: di-ba-ŋ-s-ɔ, praet. di-ba-ŋɨ-r-ɔ (W. 2, 29)
Pumpokol: ja-xa-ldi 'I see'
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-pum,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *be=gi (or *b=egi)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: eye
Bizkaian: begi
Gipuzkoan: begi
High Navarrese: begi
Low Navarrese: begi
Salazarese: begi
Lapurdian: begi
Baztanese: begi
Aezkoan: begi
Zuberoan: bégi
Roncalese: begi
Comments: A nominal formation from PSC *=axgwV 'to look, see', with the fossilized class prefix *b(e)=.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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