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Harak etymology :
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Proto-Harak: *jial, kǝ-
Meaning: wind
Harak: kajaɨ
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-hr,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *ja:l / *jiǝl
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: kǝ-
Bahnar: kja:l
Bahnar meaning: wind
References: JS-870, TB1.49
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-nob,banet-sob,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-har,banet-refer,
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North Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ja:l.T, kǝ-
Meaning: wind
Rengao form: kǝja:l.T
Rengao meaning: wind
Jeh form: kǝja:l.T
Jeh meaning: wind
Sedang form: khja.T PV?
Sedang meaning: wind
Didra: kǝjia.T
References: GS-6
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-didr,nobet-refer,
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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric: *ca:l, kǝ-/#
Meaning: wind
Chrau form: cha:l
Chrau meaning: wind
Stieng form: ca:l
Stieng meaning: wind
References: SBS-59
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,sobet-refer,
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West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *jɨǝl, kǝ-
Meaning: wind
Jaru form: kjɨǝl
Jaru meaning: wind
Lavi: kajɨǝ
Nhaheung form: kjew
Nhaheung meaning: wind
Brao form: kjɨw
Brao meaning: wind
References: JS-870
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-lve,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,
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North-West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *jial, kǝ-
Meaning: wind
Tariang: kja:l
Kaseng: kial
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-ks,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ja:l
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: kǝ-
Khasi: ljer wind
References: Kh 723, VHL 202, S-60
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-prpr,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-pear,aaet-mon,aaet-khasi,aaet-bib,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *ja:l / *ji:l
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: kǝ-
References: P-157; TK1.45
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *ja:l
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: kǝ-
Bru Van Keu: kuja:l
Bru Van Keu meaning: wind
So: kuja:l.N
So meaning: wind
Bru: kǝja:l.N
Bru meaning: wind
Sou: kja:l
Kui: kǝja:l.N
Kui meaning: weather, air, wind
Kuay: kaja:l.N
Kuay meaning: wind
Ngeu: kajiǝ.B
Ngeu meaning: wind
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-sou,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *ji:l
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: kǝ-
Chatong: kaji:l
Triw: kaji:l
Dakkan dialects (1): kǝji:l
Dakkan dialects (2): kǝji:l
Dakkan meaning: wind
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-ct,ekatet-tr,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: khjal'
Old Khmer: kjel, kjol, kjal
Old Khmer Meaning: wind
References: P113
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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Pearic etymology :
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Proto-Pearic: *ja:l.C
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: khǝ-
Chong: ja:ʔj.A
Chong meaning: wind
Song: khǝja:j.B
Song meaning: wind
Kasong: khaja:r.B
Kasong meaning: wind
Samre: khaja:r.C
Samre meaning: wind
Suoi Kompong: khjâl
pearet-meaning,pearet-prpr,pearet-prnum,pearet-chng,pearet-chngme,pearet-song,pearet-songme,pearet-kas,pearet-kasme,pearet-smr,pearet-smrme,pearet-skm,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic: *ja:l
Meaning: wind
Presyllable: kǝ-
Modern Mon: kja:
Old Mon: kja:l
Middle Mon: kja:
Nyakur: khǝja:l
Nyakur meaning: wind
References: N244; S-60
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-mm,monet-tc,monet-tcme,monet-bib,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *jVl
Meaning: wind, rain ?
Austroasiatic meaning: wind
Munda parallels: Kar kɔʒʔ
Miao-Yao parallels: MY *CčaL.C
References: HY; Ja 67, Peiros 1998, 159.
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-mun,austr-myao,austr-bibl,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVLV
Meaning : wind, to blow
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *CalV
Meaning: cold, wind
Uralic: PVg *šaĺ- 'hoar-frost'
References: Probably 2 roots. ND 294 *C[a]ḷV ( = *ć̣[a]ḷV?) 'cold' (comparing Drav. *čaḷ- with Turk. Sib. čol 'icicle' and IE *(s)kel- > *xoldъ?); 392 *čaĺ(U)gV 'snow, hoar-frost' (Alt. *či̯olu + Ur. + Sem. *čalag-). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *zăli
Meaning: wind
Russian meaning: ветер
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 30, 285. Regular except for a somewhat unexpected closed *-ẹ- in Turkic. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jẹl
Meaning: wind
Russian meaning: ветер
Old Turkic: jel (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: jẹl (MK, KB) Turkish: jel
Tatar: ǯil
Uzbek: jel
Uighur: jäl
Sary-Yughur: jel
Azerbaidzhan: jel
Turkmen: jel
Khakassian: čil
Shor: čel
Oyrat: jel, d́el
Halaj: jel
Chuvash: śil
Yakut: sillie 'storm, whirlwind'
Kirghiz: ǯel
Kazakh: žel
Bashkir: jel
Balkar: žel
Karaim: jel
Karakalpak: žel
Salar: jel
Kumyk: jel
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *salki
Meaning: wind
Russian meaning: ветер
Written Mongolian: salki(n) (L 665) Khalkha: salxi
Buriat: halxi(n)
Kalmuck: sälkṇ, saĺkṇ
Ordos: salχin
Shary-Yoghur: salGǝn
Monguor: sarki (SM 329), (MGCD salkī) Comments: KW 318, MGCD 591. Mong. > Turk. salqɨn 'cool day', Oyr. salqɨn etc., Kirgh. salqɨn 'wind' etc., see TMN 1, 341, VEWT 398, Щербак 1997, 209, Лексика 16, 41, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 94. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sal-di-
Meaning: cool wind
Russian meaning: ветер (прохладный)
Evenki: saldin
Comments: ТМС 2, 58. Attested only in Evk., but having probable external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *sar-
Meaning: gentle, cool (of wind)
Russian meaning: слабый, прохладный (о ветре)
Modern Korean: sallaŋ, sǝllǝŋ, salgiraŋ
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *čaḷ-
Meaning : cold morning
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *SaL- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *čaḷ-
Meaning : cold, chilly
Tamil : caḷi
Tamil meaning : cold, chilliness
Tamil derivates : aḷi, taḷi coolness
Kannada : caḷi, cali, saḷi
Kannada meaning : coldness, cold, coolness, chill, frost, snow, etc.
Tulu : caḷi, cali, sali
Tulu meaning : cold, chilliness, shivering as in ague; cold, chilly
Tulu derivates : cavuḷi, cavuli cold
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) talli cold
Notes : Forms with s- in Kan. and Tulu are probably Tamil borrowings.
Number in DED : 2408
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-misc,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *cal-
Meaning : cold, low temperature, sensation of cold, chilliness
Telugu : cali
Additional forms : Also [1] calimiri, [2] caluva, [3] callana, [4] callãdamu coolness, cold; calla cool, cold; callãgā̆ in a cool or cold manner, calmly, gently; calidi rice cooked in the evening and kept for use in the following morning, stale food, breakfast
Number in DED : 2408
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *SaL-
Meaning : early morning
Poya Gadba : calandi "cold rice serving for breakfast"
Additional forms : Also Salur (P) saldi early morning
Notes : The form calandi borrowed from SDR.
Number in DED : 2408
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-poya,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *CaL-
Meaning : cool; early morning
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : salaŋ
Meaning: cold, cool
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : saldi "early morning"
Additional forms : Also Konda salva breakfast; saldi breakfast
Number in DED : 2408
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *cal-
Meaning : cool
Kuwi (Israel) : salma
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Isr saldi mid-morning
Number in DED : 2408
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *cǝla
Meaning: universe, atmosphere, weather
Russian meaning: вселенная, атмосфера, погода
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 78
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *cǝla ~ *ǝcla
Meaning: universe, atmosphere, weather, external world 1, area outside 2
Russian Meaning: вселенная, атмосфера, погода, внешний мир 1, снаружи 2
Sirenik: silá, //siɫa [Orr] 1, siɫta 2
Chaplino: sɫā, //ǝsɫa 1, ǝsɫatǝ ? 2
Naukan: //siɫa
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ɫa 1, [ɫātǝ 2]
Chugach (Birket-Smith): ƛa 1
Central Alaskan Yupik: [cǝɫatǝ-, ǝlatǝ- 2]
CAY Dialects: K, BB ǝɫa, UK, LI cǝɫa 1
Egegik (Peripheral): ciɫa 1
Chevak (Peripheral): ciɫa 1
Nunivak (Peripheral): sila*, ǝɫa 1
Norton Sound (Peripheral): cǝɫa 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 78
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-cays,yupet-egeg,yupet-chev,yupet-nun,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *cịla
Meaning: universe, atmosphere, weather, external world
Russian meaning: вселенная, атмосфера, погода, внешний мир
Seward Peninsula Inupik: sila
SPI Dialects: Imaq síla, W sila* (āk, ēt)
North Alaskan Inupik: siĺa
NAI Dialects: Bsiĺa*, Ingl sila*
Western Canadian Inupik: sila
WCI Dialects: Cor hila*, x́ila*, M sila*
Eastern Canadian Inupik: sila
Greenlandic Inupik: sila (sila*), silānnaq (ʁ) 'air'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 78
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ĉalay-
Meaning: hail
afaset-meaning,afaset-egy,afaset-cch,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: šny.t (pyr)
Meaning: 'hail'
Notes: Note -n- < *-l-
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ŝa-ŝal-
Meaning: 'hail'
Gisiga: ŝaŝalay
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-gis,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʎwɨ̄ɫʔV́
Meaning: wind, to blow
Comments and references : HGC 30, WFR 142, LDC 27, FDCP 5. 5th tone in Ket may reflect *-ʔ- (which would contradict lax type in NC), but may also be a misrecording. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʎwǝ̄ɫʔV
Meaning: wind, to blow
Notes: A common NC root with good semantic and phonetic correspondences. PWC has a frequent labial prefix.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *fow ( ~ -ō-)
Meaning: fresh wind, breeze
Chechen: hō
Ingush: fo
Comments: Obl. base *fow-nV- (Chech. hō-na-, Ing. fo-no). 3d class in both languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʎʷilHV
Meaning: wind, breeze
Akhvakh: ʎʷē / ʎoji
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tlan., Tseg. ʎel, Ratl. ʎʷel. The word is isolated in Akhvakh, but has reliable external parallels.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: haw
Meaning: cold wind
Lak form: haw
Comments: 3d class.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *x:ul
Meaning: hope
Akusha: xul
Comments: Darg. > Av., Lak. xul id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʎul
Meaning: 1 shivering, chill 2 prayer 3 hope
Lezghian: ful 1
Rutul: xul 2 (Shin.)
Archi: ʎul 3
Comment: The original meaning of the root had been 'wind' (cf. the external evidence), hence the divergent meanings ( > a/ 'cold, chill', b/ 'hope, prayer'). However, for the Arch. word borrowing from Av. or Darg. is not excluded.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *pǝʎ:ʷa
Meaning: 1 wind 2 blow
Abkhaz: a-pšá 1
Abaza: pša 1
Adyghe: ja-pš́a-n 2
Kabardian: ja-pśa-n 2
Ubykh: ṭa-psa 1
Comments: PAT *pǝša. PAK *pš:́a- (Bzhed. -pš:́a-) with different preverbs means both 'blow (in gen.)' and 'blow (of wind)'. The component ṭa- in Ub. is unclear; -psa < *-psʷa ( < *pǝʎʷa) with secondary dissimilatory delabialisation. See Шагиров 1, 175-176).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lij (*lūj)
Meaning: wind, breeze
Burmese: lij wind, LB *C-lij.
Kachin: buŋ2-li3 breeze.
Lushai: thli, KC *khli.
Comments: Bodo mǝray; Pwo li, Sgaw kǝli. Sh. 195; Ben. 114; Mat. 190.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 頹
Modern (Beijing) reading: tuí
Preclassic Old Chinese: l(h)ūj
Classic Old Chinese: l(h)wǝ̄j
Western Han Chinese: l(h)wǝ̄j
Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)wǝ̄j
Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄j
Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄j
Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)wǝ̄j
Middle Chinese: doj
English meaning : destructive wind, gale
Russian meaning[s]: 1) лысая голова; лысый; 2) упадок, увядание; развал; приходить в упадок; разрушенный; 3) спускаться; течь вниз, стекать; 4) уронить, потерять; 5) послушный; 6) Туй (фамилия)
Comments: Attested later with a more general meaning: 'to be destructive / destructed, deteriorate'. Viet. tồi is colloquial and has an irregular t-; standard Sino-Viet. is d_ồi.
Radical: 181
Four-angle index: 8124
Karlgren code: 0544 c
Vietnamese reading: tồi
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *juĺ- (~ ʔ-,x-)
Meaning: whirlwind, wind
Ket: uĺgit5, pl. uĺgerǝŋ5, Б,С uĺgitǝŋ5 "whirlwind"; uĺ-bej5,6 / uĺ-vej5 "whirlwind; soul, shadow" (lit. "whirlwind"+"wind")
Yug: uĺgit5 "whirlwind"; uĺbej5 "whirlwind; soul, shadow"
Comments: ССЕ 233. -git is a widespread nominal suffix. Werner 2, 336, 339.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *lur̄ui-n
Meaning: 1 steam, vapor 2 odor, smell
Araban: lurruña 1
Bizkaian: lurrun, llurrun 1
Gipuzkoan: lurrin 1
High Navarrese: (Lezaka) urrin 2
Low Navarrese: urrin 2
Lapurdian: urrin 2
Baztanese: urrin 2
Zuberoan: ǘrrin 2
Comments: The disappearance of initial /l/ in most of the dialects is a form of liquid dissimilation (Michelena 1961: 323).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-arb,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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