South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *kuǝj, #/sǝ-

Meaning: mousedeer

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: sǝkuǝj

Chrau meaning: mousedeer

Stieng form: kuǝj

Stieng meaning: mousedeer

References: SBS-695

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *kuaj

Meaning: mousedeer

Presyllable: Cǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-North Bahnaric: *ko:j.T, sǝ- / *koj.T, sǝ-

Proto-South Bahnaric: *kuǝj, #/sǝ-

References: JS-584

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ko:j.T, sǝ- / *koj.T, sǝ-

Meaning: mousedeer

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: cǝko:j.T

Rengao meaning: mousedeer

Jeh form: sǝkuaj.T

Jeh meaning: mousedeer

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric:

Meaning: mousedeer

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: nkɔ:j, nko:j

Jaru meaning: mousedeer

References: JS-584

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *kuaj / *kɔ:j

Meaning: deer

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: kuj.A k. of deer CK

Proto-Katuic: *kɔ:j

Proto-Bahnaric: *kuaj

Proto-Vietic: SO ʔaka:j.B.4

Khasi: skei barking deer

References: Kh 772

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *kɔ:j

Meaning: mouse deer

Presyllable: cǝN-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: BRU sǝŋkâ:j.N

Proto-East Katuic: *kɔ:j

References: TK2.2

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *kɔ:j

Meaning: mouse deer

Presyllable: cǝN-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Kri: caŋkâ:j

Chatong: cakɔ:j

Kantu dialects: caŋkâ:j

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong:

Meaning: deer

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Thavung-So: ʔaka:j.B.4

Thavung-So meaning: deer, barking deer; hunter

Notes: cf. 2323

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *KUj

Meaning: a k. of deer

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *kuaj / *kɔ:j

Austroasiatic meaning: deer

Proto-Thai: kuj.A k. of deer CK

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : antelope

Eurasiatic : *gujrV

Afroasiatic : *(ʔa-)gʷari

Sino-Caucasian : *ḳV́jV

Austric : *KUj

African (misc.) : Cf. also Sandawe gwḁrthaʔ 'goat'; Central Sakharan ŋgweri 'animal, antelope'.

Reference : МССНЯ 330, ОСНЯ 1, 237.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *gujrV

Meaning: antelope

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *g'hwēr-

Altaic: *gúri ( ~ -o-,-e)

Uralic: *kojra

Dravidian: *gor_- [*kurV DED 121]

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ǝɣʷrǝ-nik

References: МССНЯ 330, ОСНЯ 1, 237; ND 663 *guyrE 'beast', 672 *gurHa 'antelope' (hardly distinguishable).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *g'hwēr-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: wild beast

Tokharian: B śer- 'hunt', A śaru, B śerwe (PT *śerwe) 'hunter' (Adams 633, 634)

Old Greek: thḗr, -ós, aeol. phḗr, gen. -ós m. `wildes Tier, Raubtier'

Slavic: *zvḕrь, gen. -e; *zvērъkъ

Baltic: *ǯwē̂r-i- (*ǯwē̂r-) (1/2) c.

Russ. meaning: зверь (общее название)

References: WP I 642 f, Buck 137

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *ǯwē̂r-i- (*ǯwē̂r-) (1/2) c.

Meaning: animal

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: žvērìs, pl. nom. žvḗres, gen. žvērų̃/-ių̃ m., dial. f. `(wildes) Tier'

Lettish: zvę̂r-s, dial. zvę̄̀rs, zvêris, zvèris², zvêris² 'wildes Tier, Bestie'

Old Prussian: swīrins pl. acc.

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 754

Root: ĝhu̯ēr-

English meaning: wild beast

German meaning: `wildes Tier'

Material: Gr. θήρ, -ός, m. spät f. (θη̃ρες, θηρω̃ν = ostlit. žvė́res, žvėrų̃, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 424), lesb.φήρ, hom. Φη̃ρες, thess. φείρ (πεφειρά̄κοντες = τεθηρακότες, Φιλόφειρος) `Tier';

    lat. ferus, -a, -um `wild, wildwachsend, -lebend' (*ĝhuero-s);

    mit Überführung in die i-Deklination (nach dem Akk. Sg. Pl. -ь, -i = m̥, -n̥s) lit. žvėrìs m. f., lett. zvêrs m.; apr. Akk. Pl. swīrins;

    aksl. zvěrь `wildes Tier', sloven, zvę̂r, ačech. zvěř m. f., russ. zvěrь;

    substantiv. Adjektiv lit. žvėrienà f., russ. zvěrína `Wildbret', zu lat. carō ferīna ds.

References: WP. I 642 f., WH. I 487 f., Trautmann 374 f.

Pages: 493

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *gúri ( ~ -o-, -ŕ-, -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: deer, game

Russian meaning: олень, дичь

Mongolian: *görüɣe-

Tungus-Manchu: *gurma- / *gurna-

Korean: *kòrání

Comments: PTM and Korean reflect a common derivative *gúri-nV-. Note that Mong. *gura 'roebuck' is to be kept apart, see *ŋurV.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *görüɣe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: antelope, wild steppe animal, game

Russian meaning: антилопа, дикое степное животное, дичь

Written Mongolian: görüge(n), görügesü(n) (L 387)

Middle Mongolian: gore'e, gore'esun (SH), gors[o]n (IM), guräsun (MA)

Khalkha: görȫs(ön)

Buriat: gürȫhe(n)

Kalmuck: görɛ̄sṇ, görɛ̄

Ordos: görȫs

Dagur: gurēs (Тод. Даг. 133), gurēse (MD 153)

Shary-Yoghur: görösǝn

Monguor: korosǝ 'bête féroce, bête sauvage' (SM 215)

Mogol: ZM gor[ä]sun 'wild ass' (21-1)

Comments: KW 138, MGCD 301. Mong. > Sol. gures, Man. gurgu, see Poppe 1966, 191-192, Doerfer MT 137.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gurma- / *gurna-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hare 2 squirrel 3 ermine

Russian meaning: 1 заяц 2 белка 3 горностай

Evenki: gurnun 2

Even: gurnata 3

Spoken Manchu: Gulǝmahun 'hare, rabbit' (2216)

Literary Manchu: Gulmaχun 1

Jurchen: guRma-xaj (150)

Nanai: Gormaχõ 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 161, 174. Cf. also Nan. (On.) gorgo 'fox'.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kòrání

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: deer, reindeer, elk

Russian meaning: олень, лось

Modern Korean: korani

Middle Korean: kòrání

Comments: Liu 63, KED 138.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 336

Proto: *kojra (Red.: koj(e)-ra)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: male

German meaning: Männchen

Finnish: koira 'Hund' ( > Saam. N goairre), koiras (gen. koiraksen) 'Männchen'

Estonian: koer (gen. koera) 'Hund'

Komi (Zyrian): ki̮r (I) 'männlicher Hund', ki̮r-pon (S P), kør (PO)

Khanty (Ostyak): kar (V), χor (DN), χar (O) 'Rentierochs; Hengst; Männchen'

Mansi (Vogul): kɛ̮̄r (TJ), χār (KU So.), kē̮r (P)

Hungarian: here (acc. herét) 'Drohne; Müßiggänger, Schmarotzer; Hode; Klee', herél- 'kastrieren'

Nenets (Yurak): χora (O) 'Männchen, wilder Rentierbulle; Hengst, Widder; Fischmilch; (OP auch) Geschlechtsorgan des Mannes und des männlichen Tieres' ( > Komi ke̮r 'Rentier', kora 'Rentierstier')

Enets (Yen): k͔or (Ta.), kor-sîr 'Stier, Hengst', qōr (Tur.) 'Rentiermännchen', qori̮ qup 'Mann', qor (Ty.) 'Männchen'

Kamass: kora 'Ochs, Männchen'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *gor_-

Meaning : deer

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Telugu : *gor_r_-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *gor-j- (*-r_-)

Notes : A very weak root because of its contamination with *kor_- 'sheep'.

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *gor_r_-

Meaning : in: (B) kukka-gorre barking deer, Cervulus muntjac; (Śaŋk., SAN) koṇḍa-gor_r_e, (B) koṇḍa-gorre deer, antelope

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : gor_r_e

Number in DED : 2165

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *gor-j- (*-r_-)

Meaning : deer

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : goria

Kinwat Kolami : goria "antelope"

Number in DED : 2165

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ǝɣʷrǝ-nik

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): зверь

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɣǝ̣rnịk

Proto-Itelmen: *wirnik

Comments: Историческое сложение, где вторая часть *nike 'нечто. это, что-то (заместительное)' (879).

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɣǝ̣rnịk

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): зверь 1, охотиться 2

Chukchee: ɣǝ́nnik 1

Koryak: ɣǝ́jnik (III) 1, tǝ-ɣǝjni-ŋ-ǝk 2

Palan: ɣǝrnik 1, tǝ-ɣǝrni-ŋ-kǝ 2

Alutor: ɣǝrnik 1

Comments: Вторая часть этого слова, по-видимому, *nike 'это, что-то (заместительное)' (879).

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *ɣʷirnik

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): зверь

Itelmen: wirnik, ɣirnik

Itelmen meaning: зверь

West Itelmen: ɣurnɨk (ɣurnɨk-in poss.)

West Itelmen meaning: animal

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): zwierzę

Number in Volodin 1976: 33

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔa-)gʷar

Meaning: k. of antelope; ram; goat

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *(ʔa-)gur(r)- 'ram; kudu'

Berber: *gur- 'ram'

Western Chadic: *ʔa-gari 'antelope' - *gar- 'oryx'

Central Chadic: *n-gwari 'antelope; ram' - *gar- 'antelope'

East Chadic: *gVwVr- ~ *gVrw- 'antelope' - *gawar- 'antelope'

Beḍauye (Beja): *garVw- 'eland'

High East Cushitic: *ga/ura/un/m- 'k. of antelope'

South Cushitic: *gʷaraʔi 'k. of antelope'

Omotic: *gar- 'antelope dekula'

Notes: SIFKY 72, HSED 898 (WCh: Tsa, Mbr; CCh: Log.; ECh: Tum., Qwn; Bed., Ome; Irq)

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2389

Proto-Semitic: *gVr(-at)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: small hoofed animal

Akkadian: gurratu, agurratu 'ewe' MA [CAD a1 160], [AHw. 299]. // The form without a- is common and is taken as the basic one in [AHw.] (the variant form with a- is found once in a lexical list but is the basic one according to [CAD]). According to [Landsberger-Gurney 340], "agurratu ... is the Assyr. equivalent of Babyl. immertu or lah̊ru" (note that here Landsberger gives up his earlier suggestion according to which the present term is to be connected with Sem. terms for 'young animal' like Syr. guryā [Landsberger 1935-6 155]).

Tigre: gärwa 'kudu (antelope)' [LH 576].

Tigrai (Tigriñña): gahret 'doe antelope' (K Tna 2189)

Notes: Sparsely attested and therefore not quite reliable. As for the the semantic difference, it is worth noting that an almost identical meaning correspondence is attested for the same languages in *bVb-, No. ... . Cf. Tna. gahret, gahrät 'antilope femmina' [Bass. 807].

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *gur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ram'

Zenaga: ǝgrǝrh, pl. gurănh 'bélier' Nic. 156

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *ʔa-gari ,*gar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'k. of antelope, oryx'

Hausa: āgārē 'big, male gazelle'

Cagu: gāre 'reedbuck'

Mburku: gāri 'oryx'

Ngizim: agare 'gazelle'

Notes: Sk 1984 15

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *n-gʷari, *gar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ram' 1, 'antelope' 2

Mofu-Gudur: Hursa goragora, Udlam gwara, Matakam ŋgwur Skin. Dom.An. 196 1

Logone: garia "antelope" (Lk ad73)

Buduma=Yedina: ŋgǝri "gazelle" (Lk ad73), Kuri ingeri, Makeri ingǝrii "antelope" (G ad73)

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *gVwVr- ~ *gVrw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'antelope'

Tumak: gǝru 'antelope' HSED No. 898

Kwang: gowor-to 'antelope' HSED No. 898

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: garuwa

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'eland' Bl.Beja 11 apud Huds., Kuhantilope' apud Rein.

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *ga/ura/un/m-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'k. of antelope'

Sidamo: gurum'iččo 'gazelle', garrančo 'Agazen antelope' SIFKY 72

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *gʷaraʔi

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'k. of antelope'

Iraqw (Mbulu): gwaraʔai 'Hartebeest' SIFKY 72

Burunge (Mbulungi): geraʔi 'Grant's gazelle' Ehr HRSC 237

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *gar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'antelope dekula'

Ometo: Wol. gaaraa "antelope dekula" (C ad73), Dawaro id. ibid.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳV́jV

Meaning: deer; game

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *g(h)ij

Yenisseian: *gǝʔj

Comments and references : Differently in NSC 53.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *g(h)ij

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: barking deer

Burmese: khjij barking deer, Cervus Muntjac, LB *khij.

Kachin: čǝkhji¹ barking deer.

Lushai: sa-khi, KC *m?-t-khi barking deer.

Kiranti: *[kh]i-sǝ

Comments: Sh. 44; Ben. 26.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *[kh]i-sǝ

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: deer

Kulung: khisi

Yamphu: ki:sa

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: khisi

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: deer

Nepali: mṛph

Comments: Cf. PST *khij.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: ki:sa

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: deer.

Nepali: m(r)ga

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *gǝʔj

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hunt, wild animal

Ket: kʌʔj 'hunt'

Yug: kʌʔj 'hunt'

Kottish: kōja 'elk'; Ass. (М., Сл., Кл.) kója 'deer (rangifer)'

Comments: ССЕ 226. In КС 166 the root is not separated from *χV̄j 'elk' (q.v.), with which it is also compared in Werner 2, 62 - on the general (and unnecessary) confusion about this word see under *gaj 'go round, return'.

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