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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: firewood
Chrau form: lɔ:ŋ
Chrau meaning: firewood
Stieng form: lɔ:ŋ
Stieng meaning: firewood
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: tree, wood
Presyllable: ʔǝ-
Bahnar: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Bahnar meaning: tree, log, stick
Proto-South Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ References: JS-471, TB4.12, TB4.25
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-nob,banet-sob,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-har,banet-refer,
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North Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *lo:ŋ.T, ʔ-
Meaning: tree
Rengao form: lo:ŋ.T
Rengao meaning: tree
Jeh form: ʔlo:ŋ.T
Jeh meaning: tree
Sedang form: loaŋ.T
Sedang meaning: tree; ploŋ.L trunk
Hre form: loaŋ.T
Hre meaning: tree
Mo'dra: lo:ŋ.T
Didra: luoŋ.T
References: PNB-79, GS-28
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-hre,nobet-hreme,nobet-modr,nobet-didr,nobet-refer,
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West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Meaning: tree, wood
Jaru form: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Jaru meaning: tree, wood
Nhaheung form: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Nhaheung meaning: tree, wood
Brao form: lɔ:ŋ
Brao meaning: tree, wood
References: JS-471
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,
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North-West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Meaning: tree
Tariang: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Kaseng: lɔ:ŋ P?
Yaeh: ʔlɔ:ŋ
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-ks,nwbet-yh,
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Harak etymology :
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Proto-Harak: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Meaning: tree
Harak: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Alak: ʔlɔ:ŋ wood
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-hr,haret-alak,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *luoŋ
Meaning: tree, wood
Proto-Monic: M bluiŋ
Proto-Khmu: *lɔ:ŋ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,aaet-asli,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *luɔŋ
Meaning: wood
Presyllable: ʔǝ(N)-
References: P-413; TK4.21
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *luaŋ
Meaning: wood
Presyllable: ʔǝ-
Bru Van Keu: ʔaluaŋ
Bru Van Keu meaning: tree
So: ʔalu:a:ŋ.B
So meaning: wood
Bru: ʔǝluaŋ.B
Bru meaning: wood
Kui: ʔǝluaŋ.B
Kui meaning: wood
Kuay: ʔaluǝŋ.B
Kuay meaning: wood
Ngeu: lɔ:ŋ
Ngeu meaning: wood
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: wood
Presyllable: ʔǝN-/#
Pakoh: ʔǝlɔ:ŋ
Pakoh meaning: wood, tree
Taojh: llɔ:ŋ
Taojh meaning: wood, tree (PT-133)
Ngeq: lɔ:ŋ lɨǝj
Ngeq meaning: wood
Kri: ndâ:ŋ I?
Chatong: llɔ:ŋ
Kantu: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Kantu dialects: ndâ:ŋ
Kantu meaning: wood
Triw: lɔ:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (1): lâ:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (2): llɔ:ŋ
Dakkan meaning: wood
Katu dialects (1): nlâ:ŋ
Katu dialects (2): nlâ:ŋ
Katu dialects (3): nlɔ:ŋ
Katu meaning: tree, wood
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kr,ekatet-ct,ekatet-kntv,ekatet-kntt,ekatet-kntme,ekatet-tr,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,ekatet-and,ekatet-hka,ekatet-hkv,ekatet-katme,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *laŋ, kǝ-
Meaning: tree
Tum: kǝl.0 khlaŋ.33
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-tum,
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Aslian etymology :
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Proto-Aslian: *dǝlɔŋ
Meaning: tree
Semelai: dǝlɔŋ
Semoq Beri: dǝlɔŋ
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-sml,asliet-ber,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *lVʔn (? *lVtVʔn)
Meaning: wood
Proto-Austroasiatic: *luoŋ Austroasiatic meaning: tree, wood
Proto-Austronesian: *aliten / *aluten
Austronesian meaning: brand, firewood
Notes: ?
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVLMV
Meaning : a k. of tree?
Reference : Ndr 15-16 (IE-Alt.)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔilVmV
Meaning: elm
References: Ndr 33 *[ʔ]El̄(i)mA 'tree (elm or the like)'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *elem-
Meaning: elm
Slavic: *jьlьmъ `Ulme'
Latin: ulmus, -ī f. `Ulme, Rüster'
Celtic: *lima- > Gaul Lemo-, Limo-; MIr lem `Ulme'; *leimā > Cymr llwyf `Ulme'
Russ. meaning: дерево (вяз)
References: WP I 151 f
piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ilma-z, *alma-z, *ulmō(n)
Meaning: elm
Old Norse: alm-r m. `Ulme; Bogen'
Norwegian: alm
Swedish: alm
Danish: elm
Old English: elm (ellm), -es m. `elm, elm-tree', ulm-trēow n. `id.'
Middle Dutch: olme
Dutch: olm m.
Middle Low German: elm
Old High German: elmo (um 800), elm (Hs. 12.Jh.), ëlmboum (10.Jh.), ilma (Hs. 12.Jh.); ulm-boum (Hs. 12.Jh.)
Middle High German: ëlm(e) st. f. 'ulme'
German: Ulme f., frünhd. Ulme, Olme
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ilVmV
Meaning: elm-tree, mulberry-tree
Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ilme
Meaning: 1 asp-tree 2 elm-tree
Russian meaning: 1 осина 2 ильм, вяз
Tatar: elmä 2
Chuvash: jǝʷlme 2
Noghai: elmen 1
Balkar: elme 1
Kumyk: elme 2
Comments: VEWT 338, Егоров 78, Федотов 1, 194, Дмитриева 189, Лексика 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. ильм is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Егоров ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l̥mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i̯ule). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chv,turcet-nogx,turcet-blkx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)ilama
Meaning: mulberry-tree
Russian meaning: тутовое дерево
Written Mongolian: ilama, ilma
Khalkha: jalma
Buriat: jalma
Kalmuck: ilm, ilmǝ
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 123
Proto: *δ́e̮me (*δ́ōme)
English meaning: birdcherry
German meaning: Traubenkirsche, Ahlkirsche
Finnish: tuomi (gen. tuomen) 'Traubenkirschbaum, Ahlbaum, Faulbaum'
Estonian: toom (gen. toome, toomi, tooma) 'Traubenkirsche; Prunus Padus L.'
Saam (Lapp): duobmâ -m- (N) 'Prunus Padus', fuom (Ruija), tuomma (Ko. Not.)
Mordovian: ĺom (E), lajmä (M) 'Faulbeerbaum; Prunus padus'
Mari (Cheremis): lom-bǝ̑ (KB), lom-bo (U B) 'Faulkirsche, Traubenkirschbaum; Prunus padus, Ahlbaum'
Udmurt (Votyak): ĺe̮m (S), ĺȯm (K) 'Traubenkirsche, Vogelkirsche', ĺe̮m-pu (G) 'Traubenkirschbaum'
Komi (Zyrian): ĺe̮m (ĺe̮mj-) 'Traubenkirsche, Ahlkirsche', ĺu̇m (PO) 'Traubenkirsche' ( > Khanty O ĺom 'Ahlkirsche')
Khanty (Ostyak): jɔm (V), jum (DN) 'Ahlkirsche'
Mansi (Vogul): ĺēm (TJ, LU), ĺām (KU, So.), ĺē̮m (KO)
Selkup: čē̮m (TaU), t́ew (Ča.) 'Traubenkirsche; Prunus Padus', tjeuwa (Ke.) 'id., Ahlkirsche'
Kamass: lem 'Traubenkirsche'
Janhunen's version: (82) *d'i6xmi6
Sammalahti's version: *d'i6xmi6
References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Donn.VglWb. 550; Stein.Fgr.Vok. 45; ИВПЯ 144; Collinder Comp.Gr. 62, 142, 161, 378
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-lit,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ɫɨjomča (~ *l-)
Meaning (Rus.): ива, тополь
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ʒomša-n (~ ĺ-)
Meaning (Rus.): кора ивы 1, ива 2, красить краской из коры 3, съедобный корень осоки 4
Chukchee: jómǝr (jomrá-jpǝ abl.) 1, palq-omra=lɣǝn, pɛlkumrɛ́= 4
Koryak: jomjat- 3
Palan: ĺomta-n, ĺemta-n 2
Comments: В чук. также и 'кора тополя', прежде употреблявшаяся в пищу. Для 'осоки' - 'старая кора'. Инэнликэй 93.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *ɫiɣʷŭmč
Meaning (Rus.): тополь
Itelmen: ɫiwumč (ɫiwumč-e'n pl.)
Itelmen meaning: тополь
West Itelmen: xi'umt, siɣimč 1, 'atx-šiɣimč 2
West Itelmen meaning: populus 1, populus tremula 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): topola 1, osika 2
South Itelmen: kumunut
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): populus nigra
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): topola czarna, sokora
Number in Volodin 1976: 127
Comments: В зап. камч. 'atx-šiɣimč буквально 'белый тополь'. Для юж. камч. может быть лучше зап. камч. šumnǝt 'жимолость, wiciokrzew (gat.), lonicera sp.' (Дыбовский 1, 154).
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔalVn-
Meaning: tree
Notes: Ch *la/yan- 'bush' (W DB lan, E Dangla lɛ̀lnyɔ̀) probably does not belong to this root.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-cch,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1341
Proto-Semitic: *ʔaly-ān-
Meaning: '(oak)tree'
Akkadian: aliānu 'oak; acorn' OAkk on CAD A1 354
Ugaritic: alt 'soporte, pilar?' DLU 32
Hebrew: ʔēl-īm pl. 'mighty tree' HAL 40; ʔallā 'majestic tree' ibid. 52, ʔallōn 'any big tree', pB 'oak, acorn' HAL 54
Aramaic: Pal ʔīlān 'tree'
Biblical Aramaic: ʔīlān 'tree'
Syrian Aramaic: ʔīlān- 'tree'
Modern Aramaic: Urm ʔīlān- 'tree'
Mandaic Aramaic: alan- 'tree'
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-bib,semet-syr,semet-new,semet-mnd,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ʕnn.w (med)
Meaning: 'tree'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *luHun-
Meaning: 'tree'
Mbara: luŋ [TMba]
Munjuk: luwuŋ [TMnj]
Musgu: lūŋ, pl. lūaŋai [LMsg]
Notes: -ŋ- < *n under the influence of a laryngeal
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mba,cchet-mnj,cchet-msg,cchet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʎwǝŋdV
Meaning: a k. of tree
Comments and references : ?; BCD 34.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʎwɨndV ( ~ -i-, -ā-)
Meaning: wood, firewood
Notes: An And.-Tsez. isogloss. A perfect phonetic match is Lak. (Khosr.) x:undu-ti 'a stick for working leather', but the meaning raises some doubts.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʎundV
Meaning: wood, firewood
Andian language: ʎudi
Akhvakh: ʎuda
Chamalal: ʎunni
Tindi: ʎuji
Karata: ʎuda
Botlikh: hudi
Bagvalal: hur (Kvan.)
Godoberi: ʎudi
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. ʎudi, Bagv. Tlis. ʎuda.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʎʷɨ̃dV A
Meaning: wood, firewood
Tsezi: redu
Ginukh: rede
Khvarshi: lida
Inkhokvari: lɨdo
Bezhta: hũdo
Gunzib: hũdu
Comments: PTsKh *RɨdV; PGB *hũdu (cf. also Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. hudo).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lăŋ
Meaning: a k. of foliage tree
Tibetan: glaŋ a large k. of alpine willow.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 橡
Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàng
Preclassic Old Chinese: lhaŋʔ
Classic Old Chinese: lháŋ
Western Han Chinese: lháŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: zháŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: zháŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: zháŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: zháŋ
Middle Chinese: zjáŋ
English meaning : acorn
Russian meaning[s]: 1) желудь; 2) яп. бот. каштан (Aesculus turbinata); 3) каучуковое дерево, каучуконосы
Radical: 75
Four-angle index: 5623
Karlgren code: 0728 f
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2162
Character: 橡
MC description : 宕開三上養邪
ZIHUI: 2895 2353
Beijing: śiaŋ 3
Jinan: śiaŋ 3
Xi'an: śiaŋ 3
Taiyuan: śia_̃ 3
Hankou: śiaŋ 3
Chengdu: śiaŋ 3
Yangzhou: śiâŋ 3
Suzhou: ziaŋ 32
Wenzhou: ɦi 22
Changsha: sian 31
Shuangfeng: ʒ́iaŋ 32
Nanchang: śiɔŋ 32
Meixian: chiɔŋ 3
Guangzhou: čö_ŋ 32
Xiamen: siɔŋ 32
Chaozhou: chiẽ 22
Fuzhou: suɔŋ 32
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *i=ɫhinti
Meaning: firebrand, ember
Bizkaian: ilinti, ilindi, illenti, illeti
Gipuzkoan: illeti
High Navarrese: illeti
Salazarese: illendi
Lapurdian: ilhendi, illeti
Zuberoan: ilhínti
Roncalese: (Uztárroz) ilinti, (Vidángoz) illindi
Comments: Cf. ilindi (ANV, BZT, SAL, LAB) 'dead ear of wheat', probably < *'dry thing'. Some northern dialects have expressive variants itxindi, itxendi.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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