Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *pa:ŋ

Meaning: palm, sole

Presyllable: tǝ-/tǝr-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-East Katuic: *pa:ŋ

References: TK5.52

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *pa:ŋ

Meaning: palm, sole

Presyllable: tǝ-/tǝr-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: tǝppa:ŋ ti:

Pakoh meaning: hand (VL)

Lao Katu: tapa:ŋ

Lao Katu meaning: palm of hand

Kri: tampa:ŋ

Chatong: tapa:ŋ

Kantu dialects: tarpa:ŋ

Triw: carpa:ŋ

Dakkan dialects (1): carpa:ŋ

Dakkan dialects (2): cǝrpa:ŋ ti:

Dakkan meaning: palm of hand

Katu dialects (1): tapa:ŋ

Katu dialects (2): tapa:ŋ

Katu dialects (3): tǝba:ŋ taj I?

Katu dialects (4): tapa:ŋ

Katu meaning: palm (of hand), sole (of foot)

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *pa:ŋ / *pɔ:ŋ

Meaning: handful

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: EK *pa:ŋ

Proto-Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ

Khmer: kǝpɔ:ŋ

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ

Meaning: palm, sole

Presyllable: kǝr-/tǝr-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: tǝpa:ŋ

Bahnar meaning: palm

Proto-North Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ.T, kǝ-

Proto-South Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ, #/lǝ-

Proto-West Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ, tǝr-

Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ, kǝ-

Harak: capa:ŋ P?

References: PNB-155, JS-95, TB5.45

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ.T, kǝ-

Meaning: palm, sole

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: kǝpa:ŋ.T

Rengao meaning: palm, sole

Jeh form: kǝpa:ŋ.T

Jeh meaning: palm, Clf. for hands

Sedang form: kǝpeaŋ.T

Sedang meaning: palm, sole

Hre form: kǝpeaŋ.T

Hre meaning: palm, sole

Mo'dra: tǝpa:ŋ.T

Didra: xpiaŋ.T

References: PNB-155, GS-90, GS-93

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ, #/lǝ-

Meaning: palm, sole

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: lǝpa:ŋ

Chrau meaning: palm, sole

Stieng form: pa:ŋ

Stieng meaning: palm

References: SBS-86

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ, tǝr-

Meaning: palm, sole

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: hǝpa:ŋ tɛj

Jaru meaning: palm of hand

Lavi: tapa:ŋ

Juk: tala:ŋ I?

Nhaheung form: pa:ŋ ti

Nhaheung meaning: palm of hand

Brao form: trǝpa:ŋ

Brao meaning: palm, sole

References: JS-95

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *pa:ŋ, kǝ-

Meaning: palm, sole

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: kapa:ŋ

Kaseng: ʔǝpaŋ

Yaeh: kapa:ŋ

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *pa:ŋ, kǝ-

Meaning: palm, sole

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: capa:ŋ P?

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: kpɔ:ŋ

Meaning: to dip or scoop with the hands together

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *Paŋ

Meaning: handful

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *pa:ŋ / *pɔ:ŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: handful

Miao-Yao parallels: *phaŋ.C handful

References: Peiros 1998, 156.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLNV

Meaning : palm of hand, handful

Eurasiatic : *ṗVlŋV

Austric : PAA *pa:ŋ, MY *phaŋ handful

Amerind (misc.) : *pel 'hand' (R 358) [+ A]

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVlŋV

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *palǝm-, *palǝn-

Altaic: *p`ā́lŋa ( ~ -e)

Uralic: *piŋV

Comments: [Ur. perhaps better with IE *penkʷ-?]

References: ОСНЯ 3, 93-95; ND 1730 *ṗaĺHiŋa 'palm of hand' (w/o Ur.; + Chad.). ?Cf. PAN *palaj 'palm of hand, sole of foot'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *palam-, *palan-; *plām-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Old Indian: pāṇí- m. `hand'

Avestan: pǝrǝnā `hohle Hand'

Old Greek: palámǟ f. `(flache) Hand, Handhabe, Mittel, Veranstaltung', palastǟ́ `Handfläche, Breite von vier Fingern'

Germanic: *fulm-ō f.

Latin: palma f. `flache Hand; Gänsefuss, Geweihschaufel; Backenstreich, Ohrfeige; Ruderschaufel, Schoss, ausserster Zweig'; palmus, -ī m. `die Hand als Längenmass, Spanne'

Celtic: OIr lām `Hand'; Cymr llaw `Hand', OCorn lof `Hand'

Russ. meaning: ладонь

References: WP II 61 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *fulmō

Meaning: palm (of the hand)

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: folm, -e f. `palm of hand, hand'

Old High German: folma f. `Hand'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā́ĺŋa ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Russian meaning: ладонь

Turkic: *āja ( ~ -ń-)

Mongolian: *haliga(n)

Tungus-Manchu: *palŋa

Korean: *pār

Comments: EAS 107, KW 7, Poppe 95, Цинциус 1984, 27-28, ОСНЯ 3, 94-95, Дыбо 317, Лексика 252, Doerfer MT 22, Rozycki 73 (but note that TM forms meaning 'foot, sole' should be certainly kept apart, see *pằlgà). The Mong.-Tung. match here seems impeccable, and (despite MT and Rozycki) borrowing is excluded. The Turkic form presents problems with a unique cluster development *-ĺŋ- > *-lń- > -ń-, but still is probably the reflex of the same root. The Korean form may belong here if we suppose a secondary semantic development 'palm' > 'handful' > 'armful'.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *āja ( < *āŋ́a)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Russian meaning: ладонь

Old Turkic: aja (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: aja (MK, KB)

Turkish: aja

Middle Turkic: aja (Sangl.; MKypch.- Houts., AH)

Sary-Yughur: χaja, χajan

Turkmen: āja

Khakassian: aja

Kazakh: aja 'center of a palm'

Noghai: aja

Bashkir: aja 'мера длины - пальма; гребень для чесания пуха'

Balkar: ajaz (< формы 3 л.)

Kumyk: aja

Comments: VEWT 10, ЭСТЯ 1, 100-101, Дыбо 179-181, Лексика 252.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *haliga(n)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Russian meaning: ладонь

Written Mongolian: alaɣa(n) (L 26)

Middle Mongolian: xalaqan (HY 46, SH), alaqan (MA)

Khalkha: alga

Buriat: aĺga(n)

Kalmuck: aĺxǝn

Ordos: alaga

Dongxian: hanGa

Baoan: halgǝ

Dagur: xalǝg, (Тод. Даг. 173) xalaga, halehe (MD 156)

Shary-Yoghur: halaʁan

Monguor: (x)arGa (SM 13), xalGa (MGCD)

Mogol: olaqɛi (Ramstedt 1906); ZM alaqa (2-9b)

Comments: KW 7, Дыбо 231. Mong. > Kirgh. alaqan, Uygh. aliqan etc. (ЭСТЯ 1, 133), Evk. aliga, Sol. aĺga (ТМС 1, 312).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *palŋa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Russian meaning: ладонь

Evenki: hanŋa

Even: hanŋъ̣

Negidal: xańŋa

Spoken Manchu: falǝŋǝ (71)

Literary Manchu: falaŋGu

Ulcha: pańa

Orok: xaŋŋa / xaŋa

Nanai: pajŋa

Oroch: xaŋa, xaŋŋa

Udighe: xań`a

Comments: ТМС 2, 312, 314. All languages, except Manchu, reflect *pańŋa; Manchu probably reflects a more archaic variant *pal(i)ŋa, simplified to *pańŋa elsewhere.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pār

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: armful

Russian meaning: охапка

Modern Korean: pāl

Middle Korean: pār

Comments: Nam 245, KED 723.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 783

Proto: *piŋV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: palm of hand

German meaning: flache Hand, hohle Hand

Finnish: pivo (dial. pijo, pio) 'Hand, hohle Hand, Faust, Handvoll'

Estonian: pihu (gen. peu, pihu), dial. peo, pego, põgo (gen. peo, põo) 'Handfläche'

Nenets (Yurak): ṕeʔ (O), ṕeŋ (Nj.) 'hohle Hand, Handteller'

Enets (Yen): feo (Ch.), fe, pe (B) 'flache Hand'

Nganasan (Tawgi): feaŋ

Selkup: pīŋka (KeM) 'Hand, flache Hand'

Kamass: pǝŋ 'flache Hand'

Janhunen's version: (112) *pi/äŋi

Sammalahti's version: *pi/äŋi

Addenda: Koib. pam 'ладонь', Mot. oume

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