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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *buot /*put
Meaning: to pick up
Presyllable: #/tǝ-
References: P-676
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic: *buot /*put
Meaning: to pick up
Presyllable: #/tǝ-
Bru: puǝt.B
Bru meaning: to pick up by pulling out
Kui: tǝput.N
Kui meaning: to pick up
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *buat
Meaning: to pluck
Proto-Monic: M buit
Proto-Khmu: *bot
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *p[e:]t
Meaning: pinch
Cua: pɛ:t pinch
References: SPT
banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-sob,banet-cua,banet-refer,
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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric:
Meaning: to pinch
Stieng form: pɛ:t
Stieng meaning: pinch
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,
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Aslian etymology :
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *bUt
Meaning: pull out, uproot
Austroasiatic meaning: pull out; *bu:c pull out 1299
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao pet.1 to tear
Proto-Austronesian: *abut
Austronesian meaning: pull up, uproot; *buCbuC pull up (as weeds), pluck (as feathers) 5:30
Austronesian code: 1:16
Notes: Cf. *PVt
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-ancode,austr-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVTV
Meaning : to seize, press
Austric : PAA *bɨt 'to pinch', *pat, *pac 'squeeze, press', *pit 'shut, cover', PAN *cubit, *gepit 'to pinch, touch, grasp', *zapit 'pinch, squeeze, press', *qapit 'pich, squeeze', Tai *bʔit 'to pluck' Amerind (misc.) : *pitu 'hand, hold, touch' (GE 106)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *[p]itV
Meaning: to grasp, seize
Indo-European: Germ. *fata-, Balt. *pēda-
References: МССНЯ 339, ND 264 *bit(V)[ʔ]V 'to hold' (Ur, Drav + some Cush., Chad.?); 1824 *P_it/dA 'to hold, grasp, seize' (+ Akk.); 1829 *ṗ[a]ṭV 'to pinch, pluck' (Alt. + Kartv. + Chad.). Two (or more) roots? nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`et`V ( ~ p-, -t-)
Meaning: to pinch
Russian meaning: щипать, брать щепотку
Comments: Lee 1958, 109. A Tung.-Kor. isogloss, with usual vowel loss between two stops in Kor. Cf. *pàt`á. On possible reflexes in Turkic and Mongolian (a result of contamination) see under *p`ắt`à(-kV). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pet-
Meaning: 1 to pinch 2 to grab 3 to dig, pick 4 to pluck, collect
Russian meaning: 1 захватить щепотку, отщипнуть 2 хватать 3 копать, рыть 4 срывать, собирать
Evenki: hetu-kēt- 1
Even: hetъkle- 1
Spoken Manchu: fatǝ- 1, 4 (1165, 1575)
Literary Manchu: fata- 1, fete- 3
Ulcha: patarači- 2
Nanai: pata- (Он.) 4, fete- (Bik., Kur-Urm.) 3 Comments: ТМС 2, 305, 371-372. Forms with -a- reflect a partial contamination with *pāt(i)- q. v. sub *p`ā̀t`à. Rozycki 76 supposes Man. fete- < Mong. ete-, which is impossible due to the absence of *h- in Mongolian (v. sub *ìt`ù). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ptɨ́-t-, *ptằ-
Meaning: to pinch, pick, pluck
Russian meaning: срывать, выщипывать
Modern Korean: t:ɨt-, t:a-
Middle Korean: ptɨ́-t-, ptằ-
Comments: Nam 137, 174, KED 380, 532. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 788
Proto: *pitä
English meaning: to hold
German meaning: halten
Finnish: pitä- 'halten; behalten; für etw. halten, einen, etw. lieben; sollen, müssen' ( > Saam. N bitte -đ- 'stand firm', K T pi̊itte- 'nötig sein')
Estonian: pida- (pean) 'halten, festhalten; aushalten; sollen, müssen'
Saam (Lapp): bâtte- -đ- (N) 'go to a lonely place in order to calve (of a female reindeer or cow)', pahtē- (L) 'unruhig werden und einen Platz zum Kalben aufsuchen (von einer Rentierkuh)' ?
Mordovian: ped́a- (E) 'sich anschließen, ankleben; eigensinnig anfangen'
Khanty (Ostyak): pit- (V DN O) '(in etw.) fallen, geraten'
Mansi (Vogul): pät- (TJ LU), pǟt- (KU), pat- (So) 'fallen, mausern'
Sammalahti's version: *pitä- + FP *pitä-
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṗuṭ-wn-
Russian meaning: щипать (птицу)
English meaning: to pluck (fowl)
Georgian: ṗuṭ(n)-
Megrel: ṗuṭon-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 154.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *piḍ-
Meaning : to catch, seize
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *piḍ-i-
Meaning : to catch, seize
Tamil : piṭi (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to catch, grasp, seize, clutch, capture, cling to, contain, carry, keep back, understand, make a handful; cling (intr.), adhere, be pleasing, suitable; n. hold, clutch, pinch, seizure by the hand, comprehension, fist, closed hand, handle, handful, small quantity
Tamil derivates : piṭittam withholding a part of payment, frugality; piṭittu handful; piṭippu grasping, holding, seizure, catching, sticking, money amassed, handle
Malayalam : piṭi
Malayalam meaning : grasp, hold, closed hand, handful, handle, hilt, memory
Malayalam derivates : piṭikka to seize, catch, hold (as a vessel), stick to, understand, take effect; piṭiccu beginning from; piṭittam grasp, handle, knowledge, obstinacy; piṭippikka to cause to seize or grasp; piṭippu sticking, cleaving, capacity
Kannada : piḍi
Kannada meaning : to seize, catch, grasp, deduct from wages, hold, begin (as rain), comprise, be able to receive (as sack, cart), be so spacious as to let (a thing) pass through; n. seizing, hold, grasping, clenching t he fist, handful, fist, handle, hilt
Kannada derivates : piḍite seizure; piḍipu state of seizing or being seized; piḍiyisu, piḍisu to cause to seize; piḍiha seizing, etc.
Kodagu : puḍi- (puḍip-, puḍic-)
Kodagu meaning : to catch, hold, be small enough to go into or through
Kodagu derivates : puḍi handful, morsel; (Shanmugam) puḍip holding
Tulu : piḍita, piḍitta, piḍta
Tulu meaning : discrimination, judgement
Tulu derivates : hiḍi a hold, grasp, handful, handle, hilt; puḍi handle, haft, hilt; puḍa, puḍu holding, grasping, handling; puṇḍi the fist, a handful; (B-K) puḍipu a rope handle used for holding the buffaloes in a buffalo race; puḍkai handle of plough
Number in DED : 4148
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *piḍ-
Meaning : to seize, clench
Kota : piṛc- (piṛc-) "to clench (hand)"
Toda : iḍy- (iḍt-) "to seize, cling to (< Badaga)"
Additional forms : Also Kota piṛy handful of anything but cooked rice; pic handful of boiled rice
Number in DED : 4148
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *piḍ-
Meaning : handle, hilt, handful
Telugu : piḍi
Additional forms : Also piḍikili fist, hold, grasp, handful; piḍikilincu to close the fist, hold in the fist; piḍikilinta closing the fist; piḍikẽḍu handful; [1] piḍuca, [2] piḍica handful or a small lump of any semi-solid thing
Number in DED : 4148
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *piḍ-
Meaning : bundle
Kolami : piḍia "bunch, small bundle"
Parji : piḍk- "to embrace"
Number in DED : 4148
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-parji,kogaet-dednum,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṗVtV
Meaning: to shut, press
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[p]it
Meaning: shut, close
Burmese: pit to shut, close.
Kachin: pat3 to obstruct, shut, kǝpat to close.
Comments: Kanauri pid-. Sh. 132. Cf. PAN *kupit 'close, shut' (Sag 36).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 閉
Modern (Beijing) reading: bì
Preclassic Old Chinese: pīts
Classic Old Chinese: pīć
Western Han Chinese: pjǝ̄ś
Eastern Han Chinese: piǝ̄ś
Early Postclassic Chinese: piēś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: piḕj
Late Postclassic Chinese: piḕj
Middle Chinese: pièj
English meaning : to shut, obstruct
Russian meaning[s]: 1) закрыть; затворить, замкнуть; 2) блокировать; преградить; завалить; прекратить
Comments: Also read MC piet, OC *pīt id. Cf. also 閟 *prits.
Radical: 169
Four-angle index: 3413
Karlgren code: 0412 a-b
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1317
Character: 閉
MC description : 蟹開三去祭幫
ZIHUI: 7028 0538
Beijing: pi 3
Jinan: pi 3
Xi'an: pi 3
Taiyuan: pei 3
Hankou: pi 3
Chengdu: pi 3
Yangzhou: pǝi 3
Suzhou: pi 31
Wenzhou: pei 31
Changsha: pei 31
Shuangfeng: pi 31
Nanchang: pi 31
Meixian: pi 3
Guangzhou: pai 31
Xiamen: pi 31
Chaozhou: pi 22
Fuzhou: pie 32
Shanghai: pi 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: pi 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pVt-
Meaning: to press; narrow
Ket: hátam "it is too narrow", háta, hátap 'to press'
Yug: fatɛʔ "it is too narrow", fátiĺejɛsaŋ 'in order to press'
Kottish: ha-pit "to press", hača-pitaŋ "I press", imper. hi-pit; tha-pit 'to milk'
Comments: Werner 1, 302, 305, 306 (w.r.).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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