Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *ʒuŋ

Meaning: leg, foot

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: ʒoŋ

Old Mon: ʒuŋ

Middle Mon: ʒoŋ

Nyakur: suŋ.B

Nyakur meaning: foot

References: N120; S-125

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ʒʔǝ:ŋ / *ʒʔɨ:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: ʒǝ:ŋ.A foot, sole

Proto-Katuic: *ʒʔɨ:ŋ

Proto-Bahnaric: *ʒǝŋ V?

Khmer: ʒaǝŋ < OK ʒeŋ

Proto-Pearic: *ʒiŋ.N V?

Proto-Vietic: *cǝn // *ci:ŋ

Proto-Monic: *ʒuŋ V?

Proto-Palaungic: *ʒauŋ

Proto-Khmu: *ʒɨaŋ

Proto-Aslian: *ʒɔŋ

References: Kh 758; VHL 365; S-125

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *ʒʔɨ:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *jɨ:ŋ

Proto-East Katuic: *ʒʔVŋ

References: P-148; TK5.14

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *jɨ:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Presyllable: ʔǝQ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: ʔajɨŋ.T

Bru Van Keu meaning: foot

So: ʔjɨ:ŋ.N

So meaning: foot

Bru: ʔǝjǝ:ŋ.N

Bru meaning: foot, leg

Sou: ʒɨ:ŋ

Kui: ʔjɨ:ŋ.N

Kui meaning: the foot

Kuay: jɨ:ŋ.N

Kuay meaning: leg

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *ʒʔVŋ

Meaning: foot

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: ʔjɨ:ŋ

Pakoh meaning: foot, leg

Taojh: ʒuŋ

Taojh meaning: leg (PT-134)

Lao Katu: juŋ

Lao Katu meaning: leg

Ngeq: ʔjuŋ

Ngeq meaning: feet, tajǝŋ back of shin

Kri: ʔjuŋ

Chatong: cɨŋ.B

Kantu dialects: ʔjǝŋ

Triw: ʒɨŋ

Dakkan dialects (1): ʒɨŋ

Dakkan dialects (2): ʒɨŋ

Dakkan meaning: foot

Katu dialects (1): juŋ V?

Katu dialects (3): ʔjuŋ

Katu dialects (4): juŋ

Katu meaning: foot

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *ʒǝ̆ŋ

Meaning: foot

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: ʒǝŋ

Bahnar meaning: leg

Proto-North Bahnaric: *ʒe:ŋ.L V?

Proto-South Bahnaric: *ʒǝŋ

Proto-West Bahnaric: *ʒɨŋ

Harak: ʒ́ɨŋ

References: JS-911, TB5.31a

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ʒe:ŋ.L

Meaning: foot

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: ʒe:ŋ.L

Rengao meaning: foot

Jeh form: ʒo:ŋ.L V?

Jeh meaning: foot, finger, toe

Sedang form: ciaŋ.L, ceaŋ.L

Sedang meaning: leg, foot

Mo'dra: ʒe:gŋ.L

Didra: ʒe:ŋ.L

References: GS-92

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *ʒǝŋ

Meaning: foot, leg

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: ʒǝŋ

Chrau meaning: foot, leg

Stieng form: ʒǝŋ

Stieng meaning: foot, leg

References: SBS-791

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *ʒɨŋ

Meaning: foot

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: ʒɨŋ

Jaru meaning: foot, leg

Lavi: chɨŋ

Juk: ʒɨŋ

Nhaheung form: ʒiŋ

Nhaheung meaning: foot

Brao form: ʒɨŋ

Brao meaning: foot

References: JS-911

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric:

Meaning: foot

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Yaeh: ʒɨŋ

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *ʒɨŋ

Meaning: foot

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: ʒ́ɨŋ

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: ʒaǝŋ

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: ʒeŋ

Old Khmer Meaning: foot

References: P190

Pearic etymology :

Proto-Pearic: *ʒiŋ.N

Meaning: foot

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Kasong: siń.C

Kasong meaning: foot

Samre: siń.B

Samre meaning: foot

Suoi Kompong: cǝ̂:ŋ

References: H-445: *jiń

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *cǝn // *ci:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Vietnamese: chân

Tum: ci:ń.33

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ʒauŋ

Meaning: foot

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *ʒauŋ

Proto-Plang: *ʒu:ŋ

Proto-De'ang: *ʒǝ:ŋ

Riang: cɔŋ.2

Riang meaning: foot

Proto-Angku: *ʒe:ŋ

Lamet: ce:ŋ.2 foot

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: foot

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: cauŋ.B

Paraok meaning: foot; ʒauŋ.B the leg (of an object)

Wa: šAŋ.B

Wa meaning: foot

Ava: čhiaŋ

Lawa: chuǝŋ

Lawa meaning: foot, leg

Um: chuaŋ

Wa (dial.): coŋ.2

Wa (dial.) meaning: foot

References: D-125: *ʒoŋ

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *ʒu:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: cuŋ.4

Bulang meaning: foot; to stand

Bulang-1: ćuŋ.51

Bulang-1 meaning: foot

Konto: coŋ.2

Konto meaning: foot

Samtao (Paulsen): coŋ.2

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: foot

Samtao (Diffloth): cuŋ.2

Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: foot

References: P-154: *còŋ.2

De'ang etymology :

Proto-De'ang: *ʒǝ:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

De'ang: ʒǝ:ŋ

De'ang-1: čɛiŋ

De'ang-2: ʒA:n.2 F??

Rumai: ʒ́ân.51

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *ʒe:ŋ

Meaning: foot

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: ceŋ.51

Shuangdiang: ćeŋ.51

Gantang: čeŋ.51

Yongde: ćeŋ.33

Mang'an: ćiǝŋ.51

U: kiŋ.1

Hu: ceŋ.2

Huq: ćeŋ.33

Khamet: ćeŋ.31

Khme: ʔa.31 kut.33 ćǝm.51

References: WW-267; S-116

Aslian etymology :

Proto-Aslian: *ʒVŋ

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Meaning: foot

Semelai: ʒɔŋ

Semoq Beri: ʒoŋ

Kensiw: cadn

Jahai: can

Jah-Hut: ʒɔŋ

Semai: ʒukŋ

Temiar: ʒuk

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔʒVŋ

Meaning: foot, leg

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *ʒʔǝ:ŋ / *ʒʔɨ:ŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: foot

Munda parallels: Sor ʒʔe:ŋ

Miao-Yao parallels: Yao chiŋ.3 the lower leg

Proto-Thai: ʒǝ:ŋ.A foot, sole

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVMV

Meaning : bone

Eurasiatic : *ʒ́VmV ? (cf. also *c`iŋu)

Afroasiatic : *cimʕ- (?) (cf. also Sem. *ʕač̣m-)

Sino-Caucasian : *Hc̣wḗjŋǝ̆

Austric : Cf. Austric: PAA *Cǝʔɨaŋ 'bone', PAN *suŋu 'horn' (cf. also *ʔʒVŋ 'foot, leg')

Amerind (misc.) : Salish *s-c̣ụmʔ 'bone'(under R 82 *tui)

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *zVmV

Meaning: loins, groin

Borean: Borean

Altaic: ? PA *zamU (Turk. *jạmɨŕ, Mong. *sami) 'groin'

Uralic: *ćVjmV (śVjmV)

Dravidian: ? *Coṇṭ-

References: ND 2068 *śVymV(-ṭV) 'hips, loins' (Mong.+Ur.+Drav. + Sem.).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 83

Proto: *ćVjmV (śVjmV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: loins, groin

German meaning: Leistengegend, ?Weiche, ?Kreuz

Saam (Lapp): ši̊jms (T) 'Weiche' ?

Khanty (Ostyak): săjǝm (jăt numpe) (DN) 'Stelle über den Weichen, Taille?', sojǝm, sŏjǝm (jăt) (Kr.) 'Taille, Vorderseite der Taille', sǫjǝm (Kaz.) 'Leistengegend, Kreuz' ?

Proto-Samoyed: *sujV- ~ *süjV-

K. Reshetnikov's notes: š- in Lapp.: the same situation as in URAET 55? The Uralic form with *-mV may be reflected also in Sam.: cf. Forest Nenets x̣ụjjem.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *Coṇṭ-

Meaning : loins, hip

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *śoṇṭ-

Proto-Telugu : *tonṭ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *śoṇṭ-

Meaning : hip, loins

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : soṇṭa

Kannada meaning : hip, loins, waist

Tulu : soṇṭa, oṇṭa

Tulu meaning : hip, loins, waist

Number in DED : 2840

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tonṭ-

Meaning : loins, hip

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : toṇṭi

Number in DED : 2840

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *cimʕ- (?)

Meaning: leg; backbone'

Egyptian: smʕ (pyr) 'leg (of falcon)'

Western Chadic: *Hwacim- 'leg' 1, 'foot' 2

Central Chadic: *syam- (< *siHam-) 'leg'

South Cushitic: *caʔam- 'foot'

Notes: To WCh cf. an alternative parallel: Sem. *ʕat_̣m- 'bone' SED 25.

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: smʕ (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'leg (of falcon)'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *Hwa-cim-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'leg' 1, 'foot' 2

Warji: sma-kai 2 [Gowers]

Kariya: cuma-kǝ {SkNb]

Diri: ášǝ̀mà1 [Sk]

Pa'a: cim-un 1[Sk]

Siri: cuma 1 [Sk]

Mburku: cǝma 1 [Sk]

Jimi: assam 2 [CLR:220]

Polchi: asǝm, asǝn 1 {Kr N 55]

Mangas: wasǝm 2 [Cs]

Kir: wasǝm 1 [CLR:220]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *siyam-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'leg'

Lame: šɛ̀m [Kr: 197]

Peve: šem [Kr: 205]

Zime-Batna: sém [Sa]

Mesme: sem [Kr: 215]

Banana: sìyèma [Kr: 178]

Notes: *siyam- < *siHam-, met. Note C 12 *sem 'foot, leg' [Sy: 51].

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *caʔam-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: foot

Ma'a (Mbugu): ku-saʔame Tak Ms 1

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Hc̣wḗjŋǝ̆

Meaning: limb, bone

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *Hc̣_wējmǝ̆ (~ -n-, -ŏ)

Sino-Tibetan: *[ʒ́]eŋ

Burushaski: *-śáŋ

Basque: *śoin

Comments and references : MCGD 5.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *Hc̣_wējmǝ̆ (~ -ŏ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leg bone

Proto-Nakh: *n(ɦ)ōsta (~-ṭ-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *hinc̣:V (~ħ-,-c:-)

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔõc (~-ǝ̃-)

Proto-Lezghian: *c̣ʷäm

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. A typical case of the HCVRV̆ structure; medial *-j- reconstructed to account for *-st- in PN. There is some doubt as to the reconstruction of the final resonant: the reconstruction *Hc̣_wējnǝ̆ (with assimilation *-n > -m in PL) is also possible (Aand-Cez languages are here not informative).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *n(ɦ)ōsta (~-ṭ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 leg (from foot to knee) 2 shin, shank

Chechen: nosta

Ingush: nost

Comments: PN paradigm *n(ɦ)ōsta, *n(ɦ)āstar- (cf. Chech. nastara-, Ing. nastaro). 4th class in Chech. and Ing.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *hinc̣:V (~ħ-,-c:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: groin (of an animal)

Tindi: hinc:i

Comments: Attested only in Tind., but having probable external parallels.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔõc (~-ǝ̃-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: knucklebone

Bezhta: õc

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *c̣ʷäm

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 shin-bone 2 ankle

Lezghian: c̣um 1

Rutul: c̣um 1

Tsakhur: c̣om 1

Archi: c̣am-mul 2

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. c̣um / c̣ɨm. Arch. -mul is a plural suffix. Obl. base *c̣ʷäma- (cf. Rut. c̣úmu-, Tsakh. c̣oma-); 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[ʒ́]eŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: joint

Kachin: lǝseŋ¹ the corpus and metacorpus of the fore-arm; (H) lǝsiŋ wrist.

Lushai: čaŋ a joint (of finger, bamboo), čāŋ a joint.

Comments: Cf. also Bugun azeŋ 'bone'.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-śáŋ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: limbs, body parts

Hunza: -śáŋ

Nagar: -śáŋ

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *śoin

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 shoulder 2 (upper) back 3 midsection of pig (tenderloin) 4 garment, vestment

Bizkaian: soin 1, 4, soin-buru 2, sor-buru 2

Gipuzkoan: soin 1, 4, sor-buru 2

High Navarrese: soin 1, 3, 4, soin-buru 2, soin-gain 1

Low Navarrese: soin 1, 3, soin-gain 1, soiñ-egi 1, soin-buru 2

Salazarese: soin 1, soin-buru 2

Lapurdian: soin 1, 3, 4, soin-buru 2, soin-gain 1

Baztanese: soin 1, soin-buru 2

Zuberoan: suin, suñ 1, 3, süñ-hegi 1

Roncalese: soin 1, 4, soin-buru 2, soin-gain 1

Comments: This word has a stem variant *śor̄-: see BZK, GIP sor-buru (above) and *śor̄-ba[r]da (q.v.).

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