Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *ha:k

Meaning: to cough

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *hak, Nk-

Proto-De'ang: *ha:k, k-

Proto-Angku: *ka:k, N-, #

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: to cough

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: ghak

Paraok meaning: to cough

Wa: khak

Wa meaning: to cough

Ava: ghak

Wa (dial.): ghɔk.1

Wa (dial.) meaning: to cough

De'ang etymology :

Proto-De'ang: *ha:k, k-

Meaning: to cough

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

De'ang: khaʔ

De'ang-1: ha:k, ka*

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *ka:k, N-, #

Meaning: to cough

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: ghak.51

Gantang: khak.55

References: WW-200; WW-520

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ha:k

Meaning: cough

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: kha:k clear the throat CK

Proto-Katuic: *ha:k

Proto-Bahnaric: *ha:k

Khmer: khɔk V?; cf. OK kǝmha:k

Proto-Monic: *ha:k

Proto-Palaungic: *ha:k

Proto-Khmu: *ha(:)k

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *ha:k

Meaning: to hawk up

Presyllable: kǝr-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *ha:k

Proto-East Katuic: *ha:k

References: TK16.64

Notes: cf. TH kha:k

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *ha:k

Meaning: to hawk up

Presyllable: kǝr-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: kǝrha:k

Bru Van Keu meaning: spitum, phlegm

So: kaha:k

So meaning: to clear the mucus out of your throat

Bru: kharha:k.N T?

Bru meaning: spit out

Kui: kha:k.N T?

Kui meaning: to hawk up and spit out

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic:

Meaning: to hawk up

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: kalʔiaʔ.T V?

Pakoh meaning: to spit up (baby)

Lao Katu: karha:k , kaha:k

Lao Katu meaning: to spit out

Kri: kaha:k

Chatong: kaha:k

Kantu dialects: karha:k, kiha:k

Triw: karha:k

Dakkan dialects (1): karha:k

Katu dialects (1): gaha:k

Katu meaning: clear throat

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *ha:k

Meaning: vomit

Presyllable: kǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: hak V?

Bahnar meaning: vomit, khak sputum

Proto-North Bahnaric: *ha:k.T

Proto-South Bahnaric: *ha:k

Proto-West Bahnaric: *ha:k, kǝ-

Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *ha:k, kǝ-

Harak: gaha:k

References: PNB-273, JS-55, TB17.53

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ha:k.T

Meaning: vomit

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: kǝha:k.L R?

Rengao meaning: spit

Sedang form: hea.L

Sedang meaning: vomit

Hre form: hak.T

Hre meaning: vomit

Mo'dra: haʔ.T

Didra: hiaʔ.T

References: PNB-273, GS-118

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *ha:k

Meaning: vomit

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: ha:ʔ

Chrau meaning: to open mouth wide

References: SBS-47

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *ha:k, kǝ-

Meaning: spittle

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: kha:k

Jaru meaning: spit; TL: khaha:k

Lavi: kaha:k

Juk: kaha:k

Nhaheung form: kha:k muh

Nhaheung meaning: mucus, snot

References: JS-55

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *ha:k, kǝ-

Meaning: spit out

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: kha:k, kǝha:k

Kaseng: ŋha:k

Yaeh: khǝ:k V?

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *ha:k, gǝ-

Meaning: spit out

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: gaha:k

Alak: hak vomit V?

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: khak'

Meaning: to choke on; ṭǝŋhak', ṭǝŋha:k' to pant, puff

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: kǝmha:k

Old Khmer Meaning: sputum

References: P93, JP386, JP388

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *ha:k, C-

Meaning: spittle

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Vietnamese: khạc

Vietnamese meaning: spit

Muong dialect: khak.5 cu.4

Arem: kahâ:k.B

Proto-Ruc: *ha:k.4, kǝr-

Ruc (Russian field rec.): kǝrha:k.4

Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): kǝrha:k.3, kaha:k.3; tɨho:k.4 vomit NVL146

Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): koha:k.6

Thavung: khǝha:k.T

Notes: F-97: *k-ha:k ́ *krha:k

References: NTF59, NVL143

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *ha:k

Meaning: hawk, clear the throat

Presyllable: kǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: kha:k

Nyakur: kha:k.L

Nyakur meaning: hawk, clear the throat

References: V58

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔVk

Meaning: cough, choke

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *ha:k (also *ʔǝk hiccup, cough)

Austroasiatic meaning: cough

Proto-Austronesian: *qekak 'choke', *qekek 'cough'

Proto-Thai: kha:k clear the throat CK; saʔʔɨk

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVHV

Meaning : cough

Sino-Caucasian : *QV́HV

Austric : PAA *ha:k 'cough, choke', PAN *qekak 'choke', *qekek 'cough'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QV́HV

Meaning: cough

North Caucasian: *q_ĕʕV

Sino-Tibetan: *ghǝ̄k

Yenisseian: *χa(ʔ)χtVm

Comments and references : [Onom.]

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q_ĕʕV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Proto-Nakh: *qaħ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q:VHV

Proto-Lak: qah

Proto-Dargwa: *qeħ

Notes: An onomatopoeic word, but complying to standard phonetic rules.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *qaħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough (of animals)

Chechen: qaħ

Comments: Obl. base qaħa-. An expressive word, but having rather exact external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q:VHV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Avar: q:éʕi

Comments: Cf. also q:éʕi-ze 'to cough'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: qah

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dry cough

Lak form: qah

Comments: Cf. also quhu 'cough', Khosr. quhu id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *qeħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Akusha: qeħ

Chiragh: qIaħ

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ghɨ̄k

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Chinese: 咳 *khǝ̄ks cough.

Tibetan: khogs cough.

Lushai: khuʔ to cough.

Lepcha: kăk to cough

Kiranti: *khV(k)

Comments: ? BG: Dimasa gu-su, Garo gu-su. Sh. 44.

Chinese characters :

Character: 咳

Modern (Beijing) reading: ké

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ̄ks

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: khǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: khл̀j

English meaning : cough

Russian meaning[s]: кашлять; кашель; [hái] междометие досады, укоризны, горя

Comments: Mod. ké must reflect an unattested variant *khǝ̄k, MC khлk.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7812

Karlgren code: 0937 g

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *khV(k)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: cough

Tulung: kha- in kha-lamba 'cold'

Kaling: khä- in khä-lämbä 'cold'

Dumi: khǝ- in khǝlǝmbɨ 'cold'

Kulung: kha- in khalamba 'cold'

Yamphu: kha:k- 'to scrape one's throat, hawk up'

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: khǝlǝmbɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: cold, cough

Nepali: markī rughā.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: khalamba

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: cold, cough

Nepali: markī rughā.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: kha:kma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <kha:g- ; khak->

Grammar: v.tr.

Meaning: to scrape one's throat, to hawk up.

Nepali: khakār thuknu

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *χaχtVm

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Ket: qaqtǝm⁵

Yug: xaxtem⁶

Kottish: hatam, pl. hatamaŋ "Husten, Speichel"

Comments: ССЕ 300. Werner 2, 70 <*qaqtǝm>.

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