Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *làku ( ~ -k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dirt, dregs

Russian meaning: грязь, осадок

Mongolian: *lag

Tungus-Manchu: *lakti- / *legdi-

Japanese: *núká-r-

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Turk. *jak- 'to smear' - usually confused with *jāg 'fat' (see e.g. ЭСТЯ 4, 58), but having a different vowel and consonant.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *lag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 mud, dirt, clay, sweepings 2 to become sticky, dirty

Russian meaning: 1 грязь, ил, осадок 2 становиться липким, грязным

Written Mongolian: laɣ 1, laɣda- 2 (L 514)

Middle Mongolian: nag menegei 'turtle' (HY)

Khalkha: lag 1, lagda-, lagalda- 2

Buriat: lag 1

Ordos: laG melekei 'turtle' ("dirt frog")

Shary-Yoghur: lag širū 1

Comments: MGCD 471. Mong. > Nan. laGǯị-, Oroch lagdi-, Ud. lagǯi- 'to become sticky' (ТМС 1, 486).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *lakti- / *legdi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be burnt (of food) 2 soot

Russian meaning: 1 пригореть (о пище) 2 сажа, нагар

Evenki: nakti-mu-, negdi- 1

Negidal: naktị 2

Udighe: lakti- 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 576.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *núká-r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to get muddy

Russian meaning: пачкаться, быть топким

Tokyo: nùkar-

Kyoto: núkár-

Kagoshima: nukár-

Comments: JLTT 738.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lVḳwV

Meaning: liquid, dirt

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: ? *wleyǝkʷ-

Altaic: *làku ( ~ -k`-)

Uralic: *lika ?

Kartvelian: ?Georg. leḳ- 'fortschwärmen, überschwärmen'

Dravidian: PGn *lej-kor 'dew' (399)

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *wleyǝkʷ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: wet

Tokharian: A, B lik- 'wash' (Adams 553)

Baltic: *leîk-n-a- (1) c., *leîk-n-ā̂ (1), *leĩk-n-jā̂, *leĩk-n-iā̃, *leîk-n-iā̃ (1) f., *laîk-š-iā̃ f.

Latin: liqueō, licuī, -ēre `flüssig sein', liquēsco `flüssig werden', liquāre `flüssig machen, schmelzen'; liquidus `flüssig'; līquor, līquī `flüssig sein', liquor, gen. -ōris m. `Flüssigkeit'; lixa f. `Wasser; Lauge'

Celtic: *wlikʷti-, *wlikʷso-: OIrl fliuch `feucht', OCymr gulip `feucht', Cymr glwith `Tau', gwlyp `feucht', gwlych `Feuchtigkeit', OCorn glibor `Feuchtigkeit', MBret gloeb `feucht', Bret gleb `feucht'

Russ. meaning: влажный, мокрый

References: WP II 397 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *leîk-n-a- (1) c., *leîk-n-ā̂ (1), *leĩk-n-jā̂, *leĩk-n-iā̃, *leîk-n-iā̃ (1) f., *laîk-š-iā̃ f.

Meaning: marsh, swamp

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: lá́ikšēs pl. `grosser, vom Buschwerk überwachsener Sumpf'; líekna-s `sumpfiges, mooriges Wiesengelände, mit feinem Holz bestandener Sumpf', líekna `tiefgelegene, feuchte Wiese'

Lettish: liẽkna, *lìekn̨a (liêkn̨a², lìekn̨a²), *lìekne (liêkne²) / liẽkne, liẽkns, liẽknis `Sumpf, Niederung zwischen zwei Anhöhen; feuchte, sumpfige Stelle im Wald; sumpfifer Wald, grosse, feuchte Wiese; Biegung, Vertiefung'

Uralic etymology :

Number: 490

Proto: *lika

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to wash

German meaning: waschen

Finnish: liko-

Khanty (Ostyak): logȳt-

Mansi (Vogul): låwt-

Sammalahti's version: *lika

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVKV

Meaning : dirt

Eurasiatic : *lVḳwV

Afroasiatic : *laḥaḳ-/*laḥiḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : *Láqū

Austric : PAN *luyek 'soft mud', PAA *luk, *lVk 'pond, mud'

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *laḥaḳ-/*laḥiḳ-

Meaning: clay

Semitic: *laḥaḳ- 'clay'

Berber: *laḳ- 'clay'

Beḍauye (Beja): likʷ 'clay'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1794

Proto-Semitic: *laḥaḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'clay'

Arabic: laḥaq-

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *laḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'clay'

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ta-laq

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: likʷ

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'clay'

Notes: Contraction from *lVHiḳ-?

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *láqū

Meaning: ashes, dirt

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *laq_ū ( ~ -ĕ-)

Sino-Tibetan: [*rVk]

Burushaski: *qhalóhaŋ

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *laq_ū ( ~ -ĕ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ashes; dust

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *rVq:V

Proto-Lak: laχ

Proto-Lezghian: *laχ: (~-ä-)

Proto-West Caucasian: *tq:ʷa ( ~ r-, l-)

Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the EC-WC comparison seems quite satisfactory. It is, however, not quite clear whether PWC keeps a trace of the initial resonant (*l-) or has lost it, having later added a dental (class) prefix. See Dumézil 1933, 15, Abdokov 1983, 100.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *rVq:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ashes

Avar: raq:ú

Chadakolob: roqó

Comments: Av. paradigm B (gen. raq:-dá-l, Chad. roqó-l).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: laχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ashes, dust

Lak form: laχ

Comments: 3d class, gen. luχ:a-l. Cf. Khosr. laχ, luχ:a-l id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *laχ: (~-ä-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: grain peelings

Archi: laχ

Comment: Cf. erg. leχ:i. An isolated Arch. word, but with good parallels in Lak. and Avar.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *tq:ʷa ( ~ r-, l-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ashes 2 grey (hair)

Abkhaz: á-χʷa 1,2

Abaza: qʷa 1

Adyghe: tχʷa 2

Kabardian: tχʷa 2

Ubykh: tχʷa 1

Comments: Cf. also Bzyb. á-χʷa; Ad., Kab. tχʷǝ-n (with Ablaut) "become grey (of hair). PAT *qʷa, PAK *tχʷa/*tχʷǝ. The cluster *tq:ʷ- may in fact have been *rq:ʷ- or *lq:ʷ- (since the number of clusters in PWC is restricted), which would be a better match for the EC forms.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*rVk]

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: burn

Tibetan: sreg (p. (b)sregs, f. bsreg, i. (b)sreg(s)) to burn, to destroy by fire.

Comments: PG *ròC^L to fry. Cf. also Sulung [bæ.1] ɣǝk.1 'ashes'. [Cf. *rok 'black'.]

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *qhalóhaŋ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: rust

Yasin: xalóhaŋ

Hunza: qhalóaŋ

Nagar: qhalóaŋ

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lujVk

Meaning: mud

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *luk

Austroasiatic meaning: pond, mud

Proto-Austronesian: *luyek

Austronesian meaning: soft mud

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *luk

Meaning: pond, mud

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: EK *luk

Khmer: thluk

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *luk

Meaning: mud

Presyllable: # / ʔǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: BRU nlo:ʔ.B

Proto-East Katuic: *luk / *lu:ʔ

References: P-379; TK1.4

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic:

Meaning: mud

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru: nlo:ʔ.B

Bru meaning: mud

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *luk / *lu:ʔ

Meaning: mud

Presyllable: ʔǝ-/#

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: ʔǝluʔ

Pakoh meaning: deep muddy

Triw: ʔɨllok

Dakkan dialects (1): ʔaluʔ

Dakkan dialects (2): da:k mbluk

Dakkan meaning: pond, pool

Katu dialects (1): lu:ʔ

Katu dialects (2): lu:ʔ

Katu meaning: puddle

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: thluk

Meaning: hole, pit, pond, puddle

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Comments: JP derive the word from luk to penetrate

References: JP310

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