Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *či̯ŏge

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to give, exchange

Russian meaning: давать, обменивать

Turkic: *dẹg-

Mongolian: *düji-

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯugē-

Korean: *čù-

Japanese: *tai ( ~ *tia)

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 13 (with a different Mong. parallel). Mong. *düji- has a secondary narrowing < *döji-; the early PJ form must have been *tǝjV, with a subsequent contraction.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *dẹg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to cost, to be worth 2 price 3 to change, exchange 4 allotment, portion 5 worth 6 change, exchange

Russian meaning: 1 стоить, быть достойным 2 цена 3 изменять(ся), обмениваться 4 доля (причитающееся) 5 достойный, положенный 6 перемена, обмен

Old Turkic: teg-im 1, teg-im-lig 5, teg-ir 4 (OUygh.), teg-š-il-, teg-š-ür- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teg- 1 (MK - ДТС), teg-ir 4 (MK), teg-iš 5 (KB), 'given in exchange' (MK), teg-š-üt 'exchange price' (MK), teg-š-ür-ül- 3 (KB)

Turkish: deɣ- 1, dejer 2, deɣ-im (dial.) 2, dejiš 6, dejiš- 3

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) deg- 1, (OKypch.) deg-ir 2, teg-iš 2 (Sangl.), teg-iš- 3 (Sangl.)

Uighur: tegiš- 3

Azerbaidzhan: däjär 2, däjiš- 3

Turkmen: deg- 1, degiš- 3

Chuvash: tivǝś 'debt'

Gagauz: dīš 6, dīš- 3

Karaim: tij- 1, degiš- 3

Kumyk: tij- 1

Comments: EDT 482, 485, 487, 488, ЭСТЯ 3, 181-182, 179-180, Лексика 338. Usually regarded as a development of *dẹg- 'to touch, reach', which is somewhat dubious semantically; external parallels also seem to indicate that the two roots are originally distinct.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *düji-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to buy or sell wholesale

Russian meaning: покупать оптом

Written Mongolian: düi- (L 279)

Khalkha: düj-

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯugē-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to exchange

Russian meaning: обмениваться

Evenki: ǯuɣē-lge-

Even: ǯuɣēn-met-/č-

Negidal: ǯuɣe-t-

Literary Manchu: ǯuwe-n 'debt'

Jurchen: ǯui̯-mu-sun- 'to lend' (443)

Ulcha: ǯue-či-

Orok: due-li-

Nanai: ǯue-či-

Oroch: ǯuwe-či-

Udighe: ǯue-si-

Solon: ǯugut-

Comments: ТМС 1, 270, 267.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *čú-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to give

Russian meaning: давать

Modern Korean: ču-

Middle Korean: čù- 'give', čūi-čhú- 'to present'

Comments: Liu 670, 673, HMCH 332, KED 435.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tai ( ~ *tia)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: goods for exchange

Russian meaning: обмениваемые товары

Old Japanese: te

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *cwVHV

Meaning: to give

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *či̯ŏge

Kartvelian: ? *ć-

Dravidian: *śī- (also *cay- 'leave, let go')

References: ND 449 *ĉih[i] 'carry, bring' (Drav., Kartv. + Sem. 'carry', ECush. 'give'); 413 *čayV 'bring, give' (have to be sorted out).

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ć-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: бить, давать

English meaning: to beat, to give

Georgian: c-, c-em-

Megrel: č-, č-am-

Laz: č-, č-am-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 227-228, EWK 454-455.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *śī-

Meaning : to give

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ī-

Proto-Telugu : *ī-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sī-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sī-

Proto-North Dravidian : *cij-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ī-

Meaning : to give

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : ī (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to give to inferiors, agree, consent

Tamil derivates : īkai gift; īkaiyan_ liberal person; īvu giving, gift, distribution; īvi (-pp-, -tt-) to distribute; īvōn_ donor

Kannada : ī (itt-)

Kannada meaning : to give, allow, permit

Kannada derivates : īsu, īyisu to cause to give

Number in DED : 2598

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ī-

Meaning : to give, allow, permit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : iccu (ī̆-, iyy-, ivv-)

Additional forms : Also [1] īgi, [2] īvi giving, donation, charity, a gift; [1] īgikā̃ḍu, [2] īvikā̃ḍu, [3] īvari a liberal, bountiful person

Number in DED : 2598

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *sī-

Meaning : to give

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : sī- (sīt-)

Naikri : śī-

Naiki : sī-

Parji : cī- (ciñ-)

Ollari Gadba : sī- (sīd-, sīy-, sīn-)

Salur Gadba : sī-

Number in DED : 2598

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *sī-

Meaning : to give

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *sī-

Konda : sī- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *sī-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sī-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *sī-

Meaning : to give

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : sīānā "to give, allow"

Gommu Gondi : hī-

Muria Gondi : hī-

Maria Gondi : ī-

Seoni Gondi : hī-

Koya Gondi : ī-

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : hiyānā (hit-)

Number in DED : 2598

Number in CVOTGD : 3418

Konda etymology :

Konda : sī- (-t-)

Meaning: to give

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 2598

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *sī-

Meaning : to give

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : hī- (-t-), in songs sī-

Manda : hī-

Number in DED : 2598

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *sī-

Meaning : to give

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : sīva (sīt-), jīva (jīt-) "to give, allow; n. act of giving, bestowal"

Khuttia Kui : hī-

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : hīali

Kuwi (Schulze) : hīnai

Sunkarametta Kuwi : hī- (-t-)

Notes : Kui jīva secondarily voiced, like gīva (see PK *kī-).

Number in DED : 2598

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *cij-

Meaning : to give

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ciʔinā (ciccas) "to give, to allow"

Malto : ciye (cic-) "to give away"

Number in DED : 2598

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVHV

Meaning : give

Eurasiatic : *ćwVHV

Afroasiatic : *čay- give; *ŝhy- carry

Sino-Caucasian : *=i[ć]V

Amerind (misc.) : *iCV 'give' (under *(w-)iš 'hand' R 346)

Reference : ND 413, 449.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=i[ć]V

Meaning: to give, sell

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ićV ( ~ -ä-)

Burushaski: *-ćhi-

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ićV ( ~ -ä-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sell, distribute

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=ič-

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃s:-

Proto-Dargwa: *=ic-

Proto-Khinalug: če=ḳʷi

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (except for the nasalisation in PTs, which must be secondary - as well as the -n-conjugation in some Avar dialects).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=ič-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to sell 2 to give

Avar: =ič- 1

Chadakolob: =ičn- 1

Chamalal: ič- 1,2

Karata: =ič- 1

Comments: -n-conjugation in Av. Chad. is not clear.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *=ɨ̃s:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sell

Tsezi: =is- (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: =is- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: =ɨ̃s-

Comments: PGB *=ɨ̃s- (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. =is-).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=ic-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sell

Akusha: =irc-

Chiragh: =ic- / =irc-

Comments: Cf. also Ur. =ic-/=irc- id.

Khinalug etymology :

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-ćhi-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: give

Yasin: -ćí-

Hunza: -ćhí-

Nagar: -ćhí-

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