Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ŭ̀ru(mV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ashes, soot

Russian meaning: зола, сажа

Turkic: *Kurum ( < *Kɨrum)

Mongolian: *kirbu-su

Tungus-Manchu: *xurum-sa

Korean: *kur

Comments: Note a common derivative *k`i̯uru-mV(-sV) in several languages.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kurum

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: soot

Russian meaning: сажа, копоть

Karakhanid: qurun (MK)

Turkish: kurum

Tatar: qorɨm

Middle Turkic: qurum (AH)

Uzbek: qurum

Uighur: qurum (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: qorɨm, qurɨn

Azerbaidzhan: Gurum

Turkmen: Gurum

Khakassian: xurun

Oyrat: qurun

Halaj: Gurun

Chuvash: xъrъm (Anatri)

Yakut: kurunńuk

Kirghiz: qurum

Kazakh: qurɨm

Noghai: qurɨm

Bashkir: qorom

Balkar: qurum

Gagauz: qurum

Karaim: qurum

Karakalpak: qurɨm

Kumyk: qurum

Comments: Лексика 206, 371-372, EDT 661, ЭСТЯ 6, 169-170. Turk. > Hung. korom 'soot', see Gombocz 1912.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kirbu-su

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: burned smell

Russian meaning: запах паленого

Written Mongolian: kirbu-su(n) (L 471)

Khalkha: x́arvas

Buriat: x́orboho(n)

Ordos: xurwus, xurwusu

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xurum-sa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 earwax 2 tobacco ashes

Russian meaning: 1 ушная сера 2 табачный пепел

Evenki: urumŋā 1

Even: ụrụmrъ̣ 1

Negidal: ojomŋa 1

Ulcha: χoromsa 1

Orok: χoropsa 1

Nanai: χoromsa 1, 2

Udighe: uŋä 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 288.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: soot

Russian meaning: сажа, копоть

Modern Korean: kul

Comments: KED 216.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVrV

Meaning: burn, heat

Indo-European: *keră- (cf. also *kur- 573)

Altaic: *k`i̯uru(mV)

Uralic: *kerV

Kartvelian: *ḳer-

Dravidian: *ker-

References: МССНЯ 353, ОСНЯ 1, 340; ND 1156 *ḳar(')[U] 'to burn, heat' (+ WChad.). Cf. PAN *baka[ḷ] 'to heat' (see Peiros 1989, 129).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *kera-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to burn

Old Greek: kéramo-s `Töpfererde, Ziegel, Ziegeldach, Tongefäss, Topf, Krug, Fass'

Slavic: *čerenъ/*černъ, *čer(e)n'ь

Baltic: *ker̂- (2): *ker-ia- c., *ker-ē̂- vb.; *ker̃-š-t-a- c.; *kar̂-š-t-a- (2) adj., *kar̂-š-t-iac., *kar̂-š- (2) vb. intr.; *kir̂-š- / *kir̃-š- vb. intr.

Germanic: *xír-ɵ=; *xar-st=, *xar-st-ia- vb., *xur-st-ia- vb.

Latin: carbō, -ōnis m. `Kohle', carbunculus, -ī m. `kleine Kohle; rötlicher Sandstein'

Russ. meaning: гореть, жечь

References: WP I 418 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *ker̂- (2): *ker-ia- c., *ker-ē̂- vb.; *ker̃-š-t-a- c.; *kar̂-š-t-a- (2) adj., *kar̂-š-t-iac., *kar̂-š- (2) vb. intr.; *kir̂-š- / *kir̃-š- vb. intr.

Meaning: burn

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: káršta- `heiss, glühend, brennend, hitzig, feurig, inbrünstig', kar̃šti-s `Hitze, Glut, Heftigkeit, Leidenschaftlichkeit', káršinti 'beunruhigen, zusetzen, zum Zorn reizen'; kir̃šti (-šta, -šō), kìršti (-šta, -šō) 'aufgebracht werden, in Zorn geraten', kìršinti 'aufbringen, erbittern, empören', ker̃šta-s `Zorn, Rasche, Bosheit', { kerù- `zornvoll' }

Lettish: cer̨i, cęras pl. `Glutsteine auf dem Gewölbe des Riegen- od. des Badstubenofens, die (in der Badstube) begossen werden; Glutfang'; kar̂st (-stu, -su) 'heiss werden, heiss sein, entbrennen, sichsehnen', kar̂sêt (-ẽju) 'erhitzen, heiss, warm machen', kar̂sts 'heiss; hitzig, schnell'

Comments: Often compared Lett cerêt 'hoffen, denken, meinen, (heimlich) lieben, minnen', pl. cęras, ceres 'Andacht, Ehrfuhrt, Inbrunst; Hoffnungen' are not related to this root.

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xírɵ=; *xarst=, *xarstian- vb., *xurstian- vb.

Meaning: hearth

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: heorɵ `Herd'; hierstan `rösten', hierst-spanne `Bratspanne'

English: hearth

Old Frisian: herth, hirth `haard, stamgoed'

Old Saxon: herth `Herd'

Middle Dutch: hert, heert, haert m. `haaard, stamgoed'

Dutch: haard m.

Middle Low German: hērd; harst `Ross (zum Braten)'

Old High German: herd `Feuerstelle, Erdboden (als Feuerstätte)' (9.Jh.); harsta `frixura', gahurstit `frixus'

Middle High German: hërt (-d-) st. m. 'feuerstätte, herd; haus, wohnung'; harst st. m. 'rost (zum röstung)'

German: Herd m.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1318

Proto: *kerV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: open stone oven

German meaning: offener Steinofen

Estonian: keris (Gen. kerise, kerikse), kiris (Gen. kirise) 'obere Abteilung des Bauernofens; (Mark, mitg. Toiv.: Vir. 1921 : 22) Steine des Ofens'

Udmurt (Votyak): gur S K, (Wichm.) G gur 'Ofen'

Komi (Zyrian): gor SO V P PO 'каменка в бане, в овине' (SO), Badestubenofen (V), Ofen (P PO)' (> ostj. V kɔ̈r, DN O kor 'Ofen', wog. TC kēr, KU P kǖr, So. kūr).

K. Redei's notes: Est. is ist ein Ableitungssuffix. Aus der erschließbaren ursprünglichen Bedeutung lassen sich alle Bedeutungen in den verwandten Sprachen ableiten. Vgl. finn. (SKES) kiuas 'saunan, ruhen tulisija; Feuerstätte der Sauna, der Darre' ~ 'saunan muurin löylykivet; Dampfsteine des Saunaofens'.

References: Ahlqvist: JSFOu. 8:13; Munkäcsi: KSz. 12:266; Toivonen: Vir. 1921:22, 1953 : 352, FUF 32: 30; Uotila, SyrjChr. 80; Lytkin, VokPerm. 79; Valonen: MSFOu. 133: 502; Talve: Sananjalka 2: 142; ESK; Redei, SLW 108.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳer-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: очаг

English meaning: fireplace

Georgian: ḳera-

Svan: ḳerä-

Laz: (n)ḳira-

Notes and references: Климов (1994, 180) предлагает считать основу индоевропеизмом (от *ker- 'жечь'); конкретный источник заимствования, однако, остается неясным, и не исключено генетическое родство основ.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ker-

Meaning : to warm by the fire

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ker-ǯ- (*-a-)

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ker-nǯ-

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ker-ǯ- (*-a-)

Meaning : to warm oneself

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : kerj- "to warm oneself by the fire"

Additional forms : Also Parji kercip- (kercit-) to warm somebody else

Number in DED : 1967

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ker-nǯ-

Meaning : to warm by the fire

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : rēs-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kernǯ-

Notes : Konda rēs- goes back to an old causative form, which explains -s- < *-nj-C- and aphaeresis of k-, which is an extremely rare matter; here it is due to a "reluctant" metathese in a cluster of more than two consonants.

Konda etymology :

Konda : rēs-

Meaning: to warm by the fire (BB)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 1967

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kernǯ-

Meaning : to warm

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : grehpa (greht-) "to warm, warm by the fire, broil, foment; n. act of warming by the fire, fomentation"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kēṛnjali "to warm oneself in the sun"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : krenj- (-it-) "to warm oneself"

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Su kreh- (krest-) to warm another

Notes : In Kui an irregular voicening, probably caused by assimilation with three voiced consonants; the same thing may have caused the irregular -h- and not -s- (*greh- < *gres- < *gers- < *gerj- < *gernj- < *kernj-).

Number in DED : 1967

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