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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`ŏŋe ( ~ -i)
Meaning: mildew, slime
Russian meaning: плесень, слизь
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *öŋeŕ
Meaning: 1 slime (on dishes) 2 mildew
Russian meaning: 1 налет, слизь (на стенках посуды) 2 плесень
Yakut: öŋüs 1
Kazakh: öŋez 1
Bashkir: üŋäδ 2
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-jak,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)öŋgür
Meaning: scurf, slime
Russian meaning: налет, слизь
Written Mongolian: öŋgür, öŋger (L 638) Khalkha: öŋgör
Buriat: üŋger
Kalmuck: öŋgṛ 'gall, gastric juice'
Ordos: öŋgör
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *puŋ-
Meaning: mildew
Russian meaning: плесень
Evenki: huŋna
Negidal: xoŋnan-
Spoken Manchu: fǝntan (440)
Literary Manchu: funtan
Ulcha: pụŋda
Orok: pụŋda
Nanai: poŋdã
Oroch: xuŋna
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗoŋV
Meaning: mud; gum, resin
References: Cf. also *pVnV.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *pAnk-
Meaning: mud, rot
Old Indian: páṅka- m., n. `mud, mire, dirt'
Russ. meaning: мокрая грязь, гниль
References: WP II 5 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *fang=, *funxt(i)a-
Meaning: wet, moist
Gothic: *fanga- > ital. fango, frz. fange Schlamm, Kott
Old English: fūht `moist, damp'
Old Saxon: fūcht adj. `vochtig'
Middle Dutch: vocht, vucht, vochte n. `vocht, damp, nevel'; vocht, vucht adj.
Dutch: vocht n., dial., arch. vocht adj.
Middle Low German: vucht `vocht, damp, nevel'; vucht, vüchte adj.
Old High German: fūht, fūhti `nass, bewässert' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: viuhte 'feucht'
German: feucht
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-oengl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *baŋk-
Meaning : gum, resin
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *baŋk- (*v-)
Kannada : baŋke, boŋka, boŋke
Kannada meaning : gum, glue, resin
Tulu : (?) pakara
Tulu meaning : sap, juice
Number in DED : 3817
sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *baŋk-
Meaning : gum, glue, matter or mucus discharged from the bowels; stinginess; viscous, glutinous, sticky, stingy
Telugu : baŋka
Additional forms : Also baŋketa a stingy woman
Number in DED : 3817
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *baŋk-
Meaning : resin
Kolami : bakka "resin (BB)"
Kinwat Kolami : baŋka "gum"
Naikri : bakka "gum"
Parji : bāk, bākar "gum of tree"
Salur Gadba : baŋka "gum, stickiness"
Additional forms : Also Kolami (Pat.) bakka sap
Number in DED : 3817
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVNV
Meaning : gum, resin, mud
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bħĕ́nḳwV
Meaning: pine-tree, resin
Comments and references : LDC 24.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *bħĭnḳ_wV
Meaning: pine-tree
Notes: In several languages there is a variation between m- and n-; n- is obviously secondary before the front vowel. Otherwise the correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *b(ɦ)aḳa
Meaning: 1 pine-tree 2 resinous root of pine-tree
Chechen: baga 1
Ingush: baga 2
Comments: 3d class in Chech., 6th class in Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *nVḳ:ʷV
Meaning: pine-tree
Avar: naḳ:
Comments: Av. paradigm A (náḳ:i-l, náḳ:a-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *niqe
Meaning: pine-tree
Bezhta: niqe (Khosh.)
Gunzib: niqe-s
Comments: PGB *niqe.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: miIḳ-
Meaning: pine cone
Lak form: miIḳiIḳiIj
Comments: This is a dialectal (Arak.) form from Хайдаков 1966.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *miḳʷ- / *niḳʷ-
Meaning: 1 fir-tree 2 pine-tree
Lezghian: muḳ-rag 1 (Nüt.)
Tabasaran: muḳ-ruḳ 1
Rutul: niḳʷ-näχI 2
Tsakhur: ḳuńaχ 2
Comment: All languages reflect a compound with some obscure second element. In Rut. the pronounciation varies between niḳʷnäχI and nuḳnäχI. The Tsakh. form is metathesized, but cf. the more archaic Gelm. ńuḳńaχ.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *baŋ
Meaning: gum, resin
Yasin: baŋgí
Hunza: baŋ
Nagar: baŋ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *muki
Meaning: 1 gum, resin (of trees) 2 snot, mucus
Gipuzkoan: muki 2
Baztanese: muki 1, 2
Comments: The regular change of PSC *b(H)VnKV > Bsq *mukV is convergent with that of some NC languages, e.g. Tabasaran muḳ-ruḳ 'fir tree'. Some Bsq dialects, BNV-Garazi, LAB-Ainhoa, have the word muku 'snot, mucus', which is apparently influenced by, if not borrowed from, Latin mūcum, and the native Bsq and Romance words have blended.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-gip,basqet-bzt,basqet-comments,
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