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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ŭ̀k`í
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to bow, bend
Russian meaning: гнуть(ся)
Turkic: *bük-
Mongolian: *bök-
Tungus-Manchu: *buk-
Japanese: *pìnkàm-
Comments: EAS 147, KW 55, Poppe 56, ОСНЯ 1, 191. Despite Doerfer MT 56, TM is hardly borrowed from Mong., and (despite TMN 2, 352) the Turk. and Mong. forms are certainly related. Cf. also Turk. *bok- 'to cross (legs), bend (knees)' (VEWT 79, EDT 311), WMong. boki- (KW 49) 'to bend', reflecting a back-row variant of the same root. Part of the Mongolian (*bög-) and TM forms seem to go back to a variant *bi̯ŭ̀ki.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *bük-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to bow, bend 2 to curve, bend, wrap smth.
Russian meaning: 1 сгибаться, кланяться 2 сгибать, складывать, свертывать
Karakhanid: bük- 1 (MK)
Turkish: bük- 2
Tatar: bög- 2
Middle Turkic: bük- 1 (Sangl. Pav. C.)
Uzbek: buk- 2
Uighur: pük- 2
Azerbaidzhan: bük- 2
Turkmen: bük- 2
Khakassian: pük- 2
Shor: pük- 2
Oyrat: bük- (-gV) 2
Chuvash: pǝʷk- 2
Yakut: bük 'a bend, flexion'; bügülē- 2
Tuva: bük- 'to wrap'
Kirghiz: bük- (-gV-) 2
Kazakh: bük/g- 2
Noghai: bük- (-gV-) 2
Bashkir: bögö- 2
Balkar: bük- (-gV-) 2
Gagauz: bük- 2
Karaim: büg-ül- 1 (K)
Karakalpak: bük- (-gV-) 2
Salar: pöx- 2 (ССЯ 454)
Kumyk: bük- (-gV-) 2
Comments: EDT 324, VEWT 91-92, ЭСТЯ 2, 290-293.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *bök-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 hump 2 to bend (tr.) 3 to bend, bow, incline 4 humpbacked
Russian meaning: 1 горб 2 гнуть 3 сгибаться, наклоняться, кланяться 4 горбатый
Written Mongolian: böke 1, bökeji-, böküi- (L 126, 127) 2
Middle Mongolian: bokotur, bogotur (SH), bukä-tu (MA) 4
Khalkha: böx(ön) 1, bögtör 4
Buriat: büxe(n) 1, bükti-, bügdi- 3
Kalmuck: bökṇ 1
Ordos: bökö 1, bögötör 4
Dagur: bug 1 (Тод. Даг. 128), (MGCD) buēktuē, buku
Shary-Yoghur: bögön 1
Monguor: pugī-, bukī- (Huzu) 3
Mogol: ZM bökkän 'the hump of a camel'
Comments: KW 55, MGCD 161, 162, 181. Mong. > Oyr. bökö- 'bend (tr.)', Yak bököj- 'bow, bend' (intr.), Kirgh. bök- 'припасть к земле, опуститься на колени (о верблюдице, для случки)'.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *buk-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: hump, to bend
Russian meaning: горб, гнуться
Evenki: buke-
Even: bökčen-
Negidal: boxon
Literary Manchu: boqto, buqtu, buqda-
Ulcha: boqo(n)
Orok: boqqo
Nanai: bukũ
Udighe: boxo
Solon: buktur
Comments: ТМС 1, 104. Man. > Dag. bogto 'hill, mound' (Тод. Даг. 126).
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *pìnkàm-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: be twisted, warped
Russian meaning: быть искривленным, покоробленным
Middle Japanese: fìgàm-
Tokyo: higám-
Kyoto: hígám-
Kagoshima: higám-
Comments: JLTT 688.
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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *büḲa
Meaning: to bend
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *bheug(h)- 'to bend' (Pok. 152-153)
Altaic: *bi̯ŭ̀k`í
Comments: Niv. ??? poku 'горб'.
References: МССНЯ 336, ОСНЯ 1, 191; ND 191 *büḲ[a] ( + Omot. *buḳ- 'knee').
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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *bhūgh-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to bend
Old Indian: bhujáti `to bend, curve', ptc. bhugná-; bhuja- `bending, curve, arm', bhogá- m. `winding or curve, coil (of a serpent)'
Slavic: *bъgātī, *būgorъ
Germanic: *būg-a-/*biug-a- vb., *baug-ia- vb., *bug-an- m., *bux-t-i- c., *bux-t-ō f., *bug-il-a- m., *baug-il-a- m.; *biug-ōn- f., *baug-a- m., *biug-a- adj., *bug-ō- vb.; *bug-i- c.
Russ. meaning: гнуть
References: WP II 145 f
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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: бгать
Near etymology: "гнуть", укр. бга́ти "гнуть, мять", блр. бгаць -- то же. Сюда же итерат. обыга́ть "обматывать, закутывать", обы́га "теплая одежда, одеяло".
Further etymology: Согласно старой точке зрения, бгать получилось вследствие метатезы из гъбати; ср. гнуть, гибель (Бернекер 1, 366; Mi. EW 82; Преобр. 1, 192). В пользу этого говорит то обстоятельство, что бгать не известно за пределами вост.-слав. языков. Новообразование типа обыга́ть не совсем обычно, но возможно; сложнее дело обстоит с обы́га, которое ввиду своего обособленного знач. едва ли является русск. новообразованием. Эта трудность побудила Потебню (РФВ 4, 125) и Ильинского (РФВ 62, 254; Сб. Харьк. Общ. 19, 253) отделить данные слова от *gъbnǫti "гнуть" и связать с др.-инд. bhujáti "он гнет", гот. biugan, нов.-в.-н. biegen "гнуть", лит. pabū́gstu, pabū́gti "испугаться"; ср. Траутман, BSW 39. Тот же корень предполагается и для буго́р. При таком объяснении представляется странным резкое отклонение в знач. балт. слов, причем лит. baugùs, baugštùs "робкий, боязливый" также имеет иное знач.
Trubachev's comments: [Ср. еще Махек, "Slavia", 23, 1954, стр. 65. -- Т. ]
Pages: 1,140
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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *būgan-/*biugan-, caus. *baugian-, *bugēn, *buxti-z, *buxtō, *bugila-z, *baugila-z; *biugōn, *bauga-z, *biuga-, *bugōn- vb.; *bugi-z
Meaning: to bow
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: *biugan st. `bow'; CrGot boga 'Bogen'
Old Norse: 3 pl. prt. bugu, ptc. boginn `biegen', NIsl buga `id.'; beygja wk. `beugen, biegen'; bogi m. `Bogen; Blutstrahl'; bügil-l `Bügel'; baug-r m. `Ring, Ring am Schildbuckel'; bjūg-r `gebogen, gebeugt'; bōt f. `Bucht, kleiner Meerbusen'; buga wk. `biegen, beugen'; bug-r `Biegung, Krummung; Haken, Ring'; bjūga f. `Wurst'
Norwegian: morboge `Wurst'; böygja vb.; boge; bügel; dial. böygjel; baug; bjug adj.; bug
Old Swedish: bugha vb.; böghil
Swedish: buga vb.; böja vb.; bɔge; bügel
Old Danish: bögel
Danish: böie vb.; bue `Bogen'; böile
Old English: būgan `sich biegen'; caus. bīegan; boga `Bogen'; byht `bocht, buiging', knēs-bōt `buiging van de knieholte'; bēag `Ring, Krone, Glanz'; byge `Biegung, Ecke'
English: bow
Old Frisian: caus. bēia vb.; boga m.; bāg `Ring'
Old Saxon: būgan 'sich beugen'; bōgian; bogo 'Bogen als Waffe, bogenförmiger Bauteil, bogenförmiges Bauwerk, gekrümmte Linie oder Fläche'; bōg `Ring'
Middle Dutch: būghen; bōghen; bōghe, booch; bōghel, bueghel m. `ijzeren ring, beugel'; bōge `Biegung, Ecke'
Dutch: buigen; bocht f. `buiging'; boog m.; beugel m.
Old Franconian: boigan; bogo
Middle Low German: būgen 'beugen verbiegen, sich biegen, ausweichen'; bucht `ingesloten ruimte'; bȫgel m.; bōg `Ring'; bȫge `Biegung, Ecke'; bōge m.
Old High German: biogan (8.Jh.) `biegen', caus. bougen ƛ̣ʒɛüɣɛŋ, ʒɨɛɣɛŋ, ḳʁümmen, neigen' (10./11.Jh.); bogo `Bogen'; biugo `Falte'; boug `Ring'; biogo `Bucht'
Middle High German: biegen st. 'biegen, beugen, krümmen'; böugen 'biegen, beugen'; boge wk. m. 'bogen (die waffe); halbkreis; regenbogen'; { bügele f. 'Steigbügel' }
German: biegen, beugen, Bogen m., Bügel m.
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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 253
Root: bheug-3, bheugh-
English meaning: to bow
German meaning: `biegen'
Material: Ai. bhujáti `biegt, schiebt weg', bhugná-ḥ `gebogen', bhúja-ḥ `Arm', bhujā `Windung, Arm', bhōgá- `Windung einer Schlange; Ring' (: ahd. boug); niṣ-bhuj- `schieben', Pass. `sich drücken, entwischen';

    vielleicht bierher alb. butë `weich' aus *bhug(h)-to- `biegsam';

    ir. fid-bocc `hölzerner Bogen', wohl auch bocc `tener' (`*biegsam'), nir. bog `weich' (aus*buggo-), KZ. 33, 77, Fick II4; für abret. buc `putris', pl. bocion `putres', nbret. amsir poug `temps mou', die brit. -ch- = ir. -gg- erwarten ließen, erwägt Pedersen KG. I 161 Entlehnung aus dem Ir.

    Im Germ. *bheugh-: got. biugan, ahd. biogan `biegen', aisl. Partiz. boginn `gebogen'; ablaut. ags. būgan `sich biegen', mit fram `fliehen'; Kaus. aisl. beygja, as. bōgian, ags. bīegan, ahd.bougen, nhd. beugen; aisl. biūgr `gebogen', ahd. biugo `sinus'; aisl. bogi, ags. boga (engl. bow), ahd. bogo, nhd. Bogen (ahd. swibogo `Schwibbogen' aus *swi[bi-]bogo); vielleicht dazu got. bugjan `kaufen', aisl. byggia `eine Frau kaufen', ags. bycgan, as. buggian `kaufen' (vgl. nhd. dial. `sich etwas beibiegen' = `erwerben, nehmen');

    dazu wohl lett. bauga und baũgurs `Hügel'.

    Intensivum (mit Verschärfung) germ. *bukjan im mhd. bücken, schweiz. bukche; mnd. bucken, afries. buckia `sich bücken' (Wissmann Nom. postverb. 171, 181).

References: WP. II 145 f., WH. I 556, Feist 96.
Pages: 152-153
PIE database: PIE database
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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : PVKV
Meaning : bow
Eurasiatic : *büḲa
Afroasiatic : *pVg-
Amerind (misc.) : *poḳu 'bow' (R 88)
Reference : GE 32 *bu(n)ka (+ NC, NS, IP, Austral.)
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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *pVg-
Meaning: bow
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Berber: *fVgag- 'cross-bar of the loom'
Egyptian: pd_.t (AE) 'bow' (n.)
Notes: Derived from *pVg- 'stretch'.
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Berber etymology :

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Proto-Berber: *fVgag-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'cross-bar of the loom'
Senhadja: a-fǝggag
Izdeg: a-fžaž
Izayan: a-fǝggag
Rif: a-fǝžaž
Wargla: a-fžaž
Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): a-fǝgag
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Egyptian etymology :

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Old Egyptian: pd_.t (AE)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'bow' (n.)
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,

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