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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *tī́ri
Meaning: thick, plenty
Russian meaning: толстый, обильный
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *dīri-
Meaning: 1 to live 2 alive 3 to revive
Russian meaning: 1 жить 2 живой 3 оживать
Old Turkic: tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 (MK, KB) Turkish: diri 2, diri-l- 3
Tatar: tere, terek 2
Uzbek: tirik 2
Uighur: tirik 2
Sary-Yughur: terik 2
Azerbaidzhan: diri 2, diri-l- 3
Turkmen: dīri 2
Khakassian: tǝrǝg 2
Shor: tirig 2, tiri-l- 3
Oyrat: tirü 2, tiri-l- 3
Chuvash: čǝrǝ 2
Yakut: tilin- 'to revive'
Dolgan: tillij- 'to revive'
Tuva: dirig 2, diri-l- 3
Tofalar: dirig 2
Kirghiz: tiri, tirik, tirǖ 2, tiri-l- 3
Kazakh: tiri 2
Noghai: tiri 2
Bashkir: tere 2
Balkar: tiri 2
Gagauz: diri 2
Karaim: tiri 2
Karakalpak: tiri 2
Kumyk: tiri 2
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *čirgaɣu
Meaning: taut, hard, stiff
Russian meaning: тугой, твердый
Written Mongolian: čirgaɣu (L 191: čirɣaɣuu) Khalkha: čargū
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *dir-
Meaning: 1 thick 2 plentiful (of food) 3 gullet
Russian meaning: 1 толстый 2 обильный (о пище) 3 пищевод
Evenki: diram 1, dirga 3
Even: dịrъ̣m 1
Negidal: dịjam 1
Spoken Manchu: ǯiramǝ 1 (2413)
Literary Manchu: ǯiramin 1, ǯiraχun 'firm, stout'
Ulcha: dịramị 1, dịrgan 2
Orok: ǯịramị 1
Nanai: ǯịramị 1, ǯịrgã 2
Oroch: dijami 1
Udighe: deämi 1, diga- 'to eat, feed'
Solon: dirami 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 207-208. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *(d)ita-
Meaning: plentiful, strong
Russian meaning: обильный, чрезвычайный
Old Japanese: ita-
Middle Japanese: ita-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *tVrV
Meaning: full
Indo-European: (*dreu-)
References: МССНЯ 356; ND 2293 *t/ṭürʡV ~ *t/ṭurʡE 'full, filled' ( + Arab.); 2432 *ṭiRga 'force, strength' (dub. IE + incorr. Mong. + ObU + Arab.). Cf. also ND 2437 *ṭüRq̇V 'firm, dense' (Georg. ṭroq̇- + Turk. *türk + Sem.); 2437a *ṭUrXV 'long, large, far' (Drav. *tōr- + Turk. *Turk 'length (of smth.) + Mong. *turuɣ - most probably < Turk. + Sem., Cush.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1068
Proto: *tire (*türe)
English meaning: full
German meaning: voll
Finnish: tyrehty- 'stocken, sich stauen, gehemmt werden', tyrmä 'steif, starr, unbiegsam', tyrnä 'gespannt, streng, hart', tyrty- 'bis zum Ekel satt werden', tyrtty- 'übersatt werden' ?
Estonian: türn (dial.) 'unanständig (vom Menschen), türnis (dial.) 'aufrecht, sich in hervorragender Stellung befindend' ?
Saam (Lapp): dârrâ- (N) 'steif werden, erstarren, hart werden', tɛ̮̄rra- (Ko. P), tɛ̮rra- (Kld.) 'dicht werden (ein spack gewordener Gegenstand im Wasser)'
Udmurt (Votyak): ti̮r (S), tǝ̑r (K), tị̑r (G) 'voll, Fülle', ti̮r- (S), tǝ̑r- (K), tị̑rị̑- (G) 'füllen; voll werden; satt werden', ti̮rmi̮- (S M), tǝ̑rmǝ̑- (K) 'voll werden'
Komi (Zyrian): ti̮r (S P), tør (PO) 'voll', ti̮r- (S P), tør- (PO) 'voll, gefüllt werden, sich füllen', ti̮rmi̮- (S P) 'ausreichen, genügen, genug sein' ( > Khanty DN tĕrǝm-, Kaz. tărǝm- 'genügen, sich füllen')
Selkup: tiir (NP) 'voll, Füllung', tiir- (B Ke. OO) 'füllen', tīrti̮- (Tur.) 'füllen'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-slk,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tōr-
Meaning : large, stout, mature
Proto-South Dravidian: *tōr- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tōr-
Meaning : large, stout
Kannada : tōra
Kannada meaning : bigness, largeness, plumpness, stoutness, greatness, dignity, a stout man, a great man
Kannada derivates : tōritu that which is big; tōrida a big man
Tulu : tōra
Tulu meaning : stoutness, thickness; thick, stout, large
Number in DED : 3557
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *tōr-
Meaning : thick, stout, large
Telugu : tōramu
Number in DED : 3557
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tōr-ǯ-
Meaning : to grow, mature
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kui,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *trōǯ- (< *tōrǯ-)
Meaning : to grow in body, become mature and well-developed
Kui : trōja (trōji-)
Additional forms : Also Kui pl. action trōska (trōski-)
Number in DED : 3557
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVRV
Meaning : numerous, full
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *TVrV
Meaning: big, numerous
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *t[ɨ]r
Meaning: numerous
Tibetan: ther-ãbum 1000000000; dar to increase, expand
Lushai: tuar in great quantities, in large numbers.
Lepcha: dár to increase as water after rain (?)
Comments: Cf. alternatively OCh. 腆 *thǝ̄rʔ abundant, rich, prosperous.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 振
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèn
Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝrs
Classic Old Chinese: tǝnh
Western Han Chinese: tǝnh
Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝnh
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćìn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćìn
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćìn
Middle Chinese: ćìn
English meaning : to shake, rouse, alarm; to marshal
Russian meaning[s]: 1) трясти, потрясать, см. 震; 2) возбуждать; воодушевлять; воспрянуть; приводить в движение; 3) спасать; помогать, оказывать материальную помощь, вм. 賑; 4) вытащить, извлечь; поднять; привести в порядок; 5) открывать, вскрывать; 6) бить, сбивать; 7) остановить; 8) Чжэнь (фамилия)
Shuowen gloss: 舉救也.從手.辰聲.一曰奮也. [603]
Comments: Also used for a homonymous *tǝr-s 'from' (?) (Shi 290,8), as well as for *tǝr (MC ćin, FQ JY 之人, Pek. zhēn) 'be numerous, in a flock; majestic'. In both meanings can be also written as 震. The meaning 'to hold up' given in Shuowen is attested only since Han.
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 5639
Karlgren code: 0455 p
Shijing occurrences: 5.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 941
Character: 振
MC description : 臻開三去震章
ZIHUI: 2182 2058
Beijing: c̣ǝn 3
Jinan: c̣ẽ 3
Xi'an: c̣ẽ 3
Taiyuan: cǝŋ 2
Hankou: cǝn 2
Chengdu: cǝn 2
Yangzhou: cǝn 3
Suzhou: cǝn 31
Wenzhou: caŋ 31
Changsha: c̣ǝn 31
Shuangfeng: ćin 31
Nanchang: cǝn 31
Meixian: cǝn 2
Guangzhou: čan 31
Xiamen: cin 31
Chaozhou: ciŋ 31
Fuzhou: ciŋ 31
Shanghai: cǝŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: čiǝn 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *tVrap
Meaning: full
Yasin: tap-hék
Hunza: trap, trup, tri
Nagar: trap, trup, tri
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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