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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ènŋù
Meaning: young of an ungulate
Russian meaning: детеныш копытного животного
Comments: All forms reflect a suffixed *ènŋù-kV. A certain phonetic problem is raised by u- in Mong.; one has to assume PM *unu-gan (cf. the early TM loans: Evk. unukān 'foal', Sol. unuxũ 'kid'; see on it Poppe 1974, 128) with vocalic assimilation from earlier *anu-gan. Otherwise the etymology seems quite plausible, and appears to explain the Jpn. form better than the usual theory of Chinese borrowing (neither MC mạ́, nor OC mrāʔ can explain the initial um- in Japanese). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ạnkaj
Meaning: young of ungulates (less than 1-year-old)
Russian meaning: детеныш копытных животных (до года)
Oyrat: anaj
Yakut: ɨŋāx 'young of ungulates and bears'
Tuva: anaj, Todzh. a'naj
Tofalar: anhaj
Comments: Рассадин 154.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *unagan
Meaning: foal up to one year old
Russian meaning: жеребенок до года
Written Mongolian: unaɣa(n) (L 875) Middle Mongolian: unuxan (HY 9), unǝɣa 'осленок' (IM), unaɣan (MA 153) Khalkha: unaga
Buriat: unaga(n)
Ordos: unaGa(n)
Shary-Yoghur: naGan
Comments: MGCD 674. Mong. > Evk. unukān etc., see Doerfer MT 104, Rozycki 218. Associating *una-ga(n) with una- 'to fall, drop' is most certainly a folk etymology. -gan is a widely spread suffix in animal names (daɣa-ga(n) 'colt', qura-ga(n) 'lamb' etc.); the usage of una-gan as 'having certain characteristics from birth' is also easily explainable: cf. phrases like unaɣan ǯiruɣa 'a horse able to travel at an amble since birth', lit. 'foal-ambler' = 'fast ambler since foalhood'. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)enŋe-
Meaning: young of deer, horse (one year old)
Russian meaning: олененок, жеребенок (годовалый)
Evenki: eŋnekēn
Even: ēnken
Negidal: eŋnexēn
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ùmà
Meaning: horse
Russian meaning: лошадь
Old Japanese: uma
Middle Japanese: ùmà
Tokyo: umá
Kyoto: úmà
Kagoshima: umá
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVnV
Meaning: an ungulate
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ein-
Meaning: deer, roe
Old Indian: eṇa- m., eṇī́ f. `a sp. of deer or antelope (described as black with beautiful eyes and short legs')
Old Greek: énelo-s = nebrós Hsch.; ínno-s m. `(junger) Maulesel' (with a var. gínno-s)
Latin: īnuleu-s, -ī m. (auch hī̆nuleus) `junger Hirsch- od. Rehbock', hinnulus m. `männliches Hirschkalb', hinnula f. `junge Hindin'
Russ. meaning: скот (олень, косуля)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 454
Root: ei-3
English meaning: multicoloured; reddish
German meaning: Farbadjektiv `rötlich, bunt'
General comments: erweitert (e)i-u̯o-, (e)i-u̯ā `Eibe' usw.
Derivatives: nur indisch: ei-to- `bunt', fem. ei-nī, von bunten Tieren
Material: Arm. aigi `Weinstock' (*oiu̯ii̯ā); gr. οἴη, ὄη, ὄα `Sperberbaum, Vogelbeerbaum' (*oiu̯ā) =
lat. ūva `Traube';
gall. ivo-, urir. iu̯a-, air. ēo m., cymr. ywen m., acorn. hiuin, bret. ivin m. `Eibe';
ahd. īwa, mhd. īwe, mnl. ijf, nhd. Eibe f., ags. īw m., aisl. ȳr `Eibe' (*eiu̯o-), nach dem rotbraunen Holz benannt;
daneben *ei-ko- in ahd. īgo, as. Pl. īchas, schweiz. īche, īge, ags. īh, ēoh `Eibe';
lit. ievà, jievà f., lett. (mit abweichender Intonation) iẽva `Faulbaum' (*eiu̯ā), apr. iuwis `Eibe' (*iu̯a-), nach dem rotbraunen Holz benannt;
russ.-ksl. iva, skr. ȉva (= lett. iẽva), russ. íva `Weide', ačech. jíva `Eibe, Salweide';
ai. ḗta- `schimmernd, bunt', m. `Roß, Vogel, Antilope' usw., urind. PN (14. Jh.) Aita-ggama `auf einem Widder reitend' (Kretschmer KZ. 55, 93), f. ḗnī, dazu (mit ṇ für n nach hariṇī, dem Femin. zu harita `gelblich', vgl. auch hariṇá- `Gazelle'): ēṇa- m. `Antilopenart' (Schulze Kl. Schr. 123).
References: WP. I 105 f., 165, Trautmann 68, Kluge12 s. v. Eibe, Specht Dekl. 63, 205.
Pages: 297-298
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *īn-
Meaning : to bear young
Proto-South Dravidian: *īn- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *īn- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *īn-
Meaning : to bear young
Tamil : īn_ (īn_p-, īn_r_-)
Tamil meaning : to bear, bring forth, yean, produce, yiled, bring into being
Tamil derivates : īr_r_am giving birth, bringing forth; īr_r_u bringing forth (applied to animals), young one brought forth; ī (-v-, -nt-) to create, bring into existence, bring forth
Malayalam : īnuka
Malayalam meaning : to shoot into ears; to bear, bring forth, yean
Malayalam derivates : īluka to shoot into ears; īr_r_am the womb of animals; īr_r_u bringing forth, the infant, young of animals
Kannada : īn (īd-)
Kannada meaning : to bring forth young, yean, cub
Kannada derivates : īduvike bringing forth; ī (īd-), īyu to bring forth; īyisu, īsu to cause to bring forth, help in bringing forth
Irula : īnu
Irula meaning : give
Number in DED : 0555
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kt,sdret-iru,sdret-irumean,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *īn-
Meaning : to bear young
Kota : īn- (īnd_-) "(animal) bears young"
Toda : īn- (īd_-) "to bear (calf)"
Additional forms : Also Kota īt_ may (woman or buffalo) which having borne once or twice is barren (may) thereafter; Toda īt_- (īt_y-) (goddess) brings forth child, (god) makes to bear (calf); īt_ ōy- to be about to calve; īt_ ēp ɨr buffalo within a month of calving; īt_ slime passed in dysentery or by buffalo during calving
Notes : The verbal stem īt_- in Toda is most probably secondary (a backformation from the nominal derivate *īt_).
Number in DED : 555
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *īn-
Meaning : to yean, bring forth, bear, calve, foal, produce
Telugu : īnu
Additional forms : Also īnika calving, bearing; ī̃ta yeaning, bringing forth young
Number in DED : 555
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *īn-
Meaning : to bear, produce
Parji : īn- "(grain) produces head"
Number in DED : 555
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *īnd-
Meaning : to bear young
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : īnd- (-it-)
Meaning: (animals) to bring forth young
Number in DED : 555
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : hīn-ing
Meaning : to lamb, kid, foal, calf, etc.
Number in DED : 555
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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