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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kòmpo
Meaning: fist, wrist
Russian meaning: кулак, запястье
Comments: A common derivative *kòmpo-k`V is reflected in PT *Kopa-k = PTM *komba-kī.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kop-
Meaning: 1 fist 2 wrist
Russian meaning: 1 кулак 2 запястье
Oyrat: qoboq 2
Tuva: qowades 1, Krg. qofadeš ( < *Kop-adɨĺ)
Kirghiz: qobuq 'arthritis of metacarpus'
Comments: Дыбо 194 (though hardly a loanword). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kombo-
Meaning: round (esp. of hooves)
Russian meaning: быть круглым (особ. о копытах)
Written Mongolian: qombuji- (МХТТТ) Khalkha: xomboj-
Buriat: xombi-, xomi- 'flat (of hooves)'
Ordos: xombȫ- 'avoir une grosse panse et un petite ouverture (vase)'
Comments: L 960 regards WMong. qombuɣur as a variant of qomuɣur 'curled, shrivelled', but the Khalkha dictionary strictly distinguishes them.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *komba-
Meaning: wrist, hand, spoke-bone
Russian meaning: запястье, кисть, плюсна
Negidal: komboxị̄
Orok: qomụ̄
Nanai: qombịo
Udighe: komugu (Корм. 249) tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-neg,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀mpusi
Meaning: fist
Russian meaning: кулак
Middle Japanese: kòbùsì
Tokyo: kòbushi, kóbushi
Kyoto: kóbùshì
Kagoshima: kobúshi
Comments: JLTT 453. RJ, Tokyo and Kyoto point to a low tone on the first syllable (although the rest of the word reveals accent variation); only Kagoshima is quite aberrant. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *kompV
Meaning: fist, wrist
References: ND 631 *goʡmV ~ *gomʡV 'hand, fist' (Alt., Ur. + Sem.?). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 347
Proto: *komV(rV)
English meaning: hollow of hand
German meaning: hohle Hand
Finnish: (kahmalo, kamahlo 'doppelte hohle Hand voll', kahmaa- 'blindlings greifen', kahmi- 'nachschnappen' - rejected by Redei)
Saam (Lapp): goabmer (N) 'the two curved open hands put together', koemmer (T), kuǝmmer̨ (Kld.), kŭă͕mmer̨ (Not.) 'die hohle Hand'
Mordovian: komoro (E) 'Handvoll', komor (M) 'горсть'
Komi (Zyrian): kami̮r 'Handvoll' ?
Nenets (Yurak): śewāj (O) 'Arme'
Enets (Yen): chámmara 'Hand'
Selkup: k͔aamǝ (Ta.) 'ausgebreitete Arme'
Kamass: kāmǝ̑ruʔ 'Arme'
Addenda: Koib. камырла 'umarmen'; Mot. камырнамъ
Yukaghir parallels: +
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-kom,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *kume(l)-, *'ǝkmi-
Meaning (Rus.): ладонь
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *kume(l)-, *ǝkmiŋcib=
Meaning (Rus.): вся ладонь 1, ладонь 2, пойди на руки! (к ребенку) межд. 3, видно как на ладони нар. 4
Chukchee: ~ komá 3
Koryak: ~ kumeĺ-vǝcce-tǝŋ 4
Palan: kwińcimǝ=lŋǝn 1, kmǝńcv 2
Comments: Возможно в пал. ладонь контаминирует с *ekmit- 'брать, хватать, покупать' (64).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *kumx-tuka (dikid)
Meaning (Rus.): десятки
West Itelmen: žužad* 10, -šinažin* adj. 10
South Itelmen: kumxtuk* 10, ka'as kumxtuka dikid* 20, čo'ok kumxtuka dikid* 30, ča'ak kumxtuka dikid* 40, ko'omnak kumxtuka dikid* 50, kilko̯ak kumxtuka dikid* 60, 'ita'atuk kumxtuka dikid* 70, čukutuk kumxtuka dikid* 80, ča'aktak kumxtuka dikid* 90, kumxtuka kumxtaka-n* 100
Comments: kumx-tuka 'две руки/ ладошки'.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-wit,itelet-sit,itelet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVMV
Meaning : hand(ful)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xḳVmV
Meaning: armful
Yenisseian: Kott. hamal 'armful'
Comments and references : Cf. *χó̆mHɨ.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳēmV / *mēḳV
Meaning: armful, handful
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (except for a rather frequent metathesis).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ḳamV- ( ~ č̣-,-o-)
Meaning: haystack (*'armful of hay')
Chamalal: č̣ama-ra (Gig.)
Comments: Attested only in Cham., thus both *ḳ- and *č̣- are possible in PA.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-chm,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *miḳVr
Meaning: bundle
Gunzib: miḳar
Comments: Attested only in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ḳama
Meaning: handful; handle
Lak form: ḳama
Comments: Cf. Khosr. ḳama id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ḳem(a) / *meḳ(a)
Meaning: 1 armful 2 sheaf of hay 3 stack 4 fist
Lezghian: ḳem 1
Rutul: ḳǝm-ǝr 2 (Khniukh.)
Kryz: ḳemä 3
Budukh: meḳ 4
Comment: The original meaning (as confirmed also by the external evidence) must have varied between 'handful' ( > Bud. 'fist') and 'armful' (meanings in other languages). Note that the Kryz. word has a specific meaning "a haystack which can be put up by one pitchfork" ( = *'armful'). 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-́ɣuma-n-
Meaning: to embrace
Yasin: d-́ɣuman-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,
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