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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tu(m)pu-
Meaning: knee
Russian meaning: колено
Nase: čìbùší
Shuri: číńšì
Hateruma: su_̀pùšìN
Yonakuni: m̀bùčí
Comments: JLTT 553. A Ryukyu root: cf. Nase čìbùší, Hateruma su_̀pùšìN etc. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`op`u
Meaning: knee, knee cap
Russian meaning: колено, коленная чашечка
altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *topɨk
Meaning: 1 knee cap 2 knee 3 ankle-bone
Russian meaning: 1 коленная чашечка 2 колено 3 лодыжка
Old Turkic: topɨq 3 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: topɨq 3 (MK), 1 (KB, IM) Turkish: topuk 3
Tatar: tubɨq 1
Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) topuq (Houts., AH) 3 Uzbek: tọpiq 3
Uighur: topuq 3
Sary-Yughur: tōq 1
Azerbaidzhan: topuG 3
Turkmen: topuq 3
Khakassian: tomɨx 1, 3
Oyrat: topuq, tomuq 1, 3
Yakut: tobuk 2
Dolgan: tobuk 2
Tuva: dowuq 1
Tofalar: to'puq 1
Kirghiz: topuq, tomuq 1, 3
Kazakh: tobɨq 1, 3
Noghai: tobɨq 1, 3
Bashkir: tubɨq 1
Balkar: tobuq 2
Gagauz: topuq 3
Karaim: tobuq 3
Karakalpak: tobɨq 3
Kumyk: tobuq 2
Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 437-8, Лексика 286, Stachowski 224. Both Räsänen and Clauson derive this word from PT *top 'pellet, round thing', but this is not likely because of external evidence. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tojig, *tuwkai
Meaning: 1 knee 2 huckle-bone (of animals)
Russian meaning: 1 колено 2 лодыжка (животных)
Written Mongolian: tojiɣ 1 (L 819), tuuqai 2 (L 847) Khalkha: tojg 1, tūxaj 2
Buriat: tojn 1
Kalmuck: tȫg 1
Ordos: toö̯g 'patella', tūxǟ 'положение игральной кости, которое называется mori'
Dagur: twalčig, (Тод. Даг. 168) tuarečihe (MD 227), tolčig, twalčig ( < *tuɣalčig) 1 Comments: KW 408, MGCD 639. Cf. also (for the Daghur form) WMong. tobčilaɣur, Khalkha tovčlūr 'clavicle', Kalm. topčǝlūr 'das Schlüsselbein; das Vorderblatt des Pferdes' (KW 401) - probably a secondary contamination with tobčila-ɣur `buckle, clasp', a derivative of tobčila- `to buckle'. MMong. (HY) tobux 'knee cap' may be a Turkism (see Щербак 1997, 157). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *top(V)g-
Meaning: knee
Russian meaning: колено
Evenki: tuwnuke, tuɣunuke 'ankle bone'
Spoken Manchu: t́ovix́a, t́ovǝǵā (136)
Literary Manchu: tobǵa
Comments: ТМС 2, 189, 204. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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