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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tùmù
Meaning: 1 spindle 2 to spin
Russian meaning: 1 веретено 2 прясть
Old Japanese: tumugji 'spun cloth'
Middle Japanese: tumu 1, tùmùg- 2
Tokyo: tsumu, tsumúg-
Kyoto: tsúmúg-
Kagoshima: tsùmùg-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ̀mù
Meaning: to spin, round
Russian meaning: крутить, круглый
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *tom-
Meaning: 1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell
Russian meaning: 1 круглый, выпуклый 2 шарик, кольцо 3 кувырком 4 толстый, пухлый 5 пухнуть, вздуваться
Turkish: tomak 2
Uzbek: tọmtɔq 'stump, blunt'
Azerbaidzhan: tombul 4, dombalaG 3
Turkmen: tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5
Khakassian: tomɨr, tombɨr 'blunt'
Chuvash: tъʷmat 'stubby'
Yakut: tomtorɣo 'ring-formed ornament'
Kirghiz: tompoq 1
Kazakh: tompaq 1
Noghai: tompaq 1
Bashkir: tomraj- (dial.) 5
Balkar: tomalaq 1
Gagauz: tombarlaq 1
Karaim: tomalaq 1
Karakalpak: dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5
Salar: tombɨx 'blunt' (Тен.ССЯ) Kumyk: tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt'
Comments: VEWT 487, ЭСТЯ 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tomu-
Meaning: 1 to spin 2 spheric, convex
Russian meaning: 1 прясть, крутить 2 шарообразный, выпуклый
Written Mongolian: tomu-, tamu- (L 776) 1, tombai, tömbei 2 Middle Mongolian: tuma- (MA 340) Khalkha: tom- 1, tombogor, tömbögör 2
Buriat: tomo- 1
Kalmuck: tom-
Dongxian: tomu-
Baoan: tomǝl-
Shary-Yoghur: tumu-
Monguor: tomu-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tomka-
Meaning: 1 to spin 2 thread
Russian meaning: 1 сучить (нитки) 2 нитка
Evenki: tomko- 1
Even: tomko- 1
Negidal: tomko- 2
Literary Manchu: toŋGo 1
Jurchen: to-ŋo (250) 1
Ulcha: toŋpị- 1
Orok: toqpo- 1
Nanai: tompo- 1
Oroch: tompo- 1
Udighe: tompo- 1
Solon: toŋxo- 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 196. Cf. also *tumu- 'to spin' (ТМС 2, 212). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭompV ?
Meaning: round, convex
Uralic: *tumpV 'convex, hill' (MESz 1385)
References: МССНЯ 335 (expressive and dubious). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tūm-
Meaning : tube
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tum dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tūmb-
Meaning : tube
Tamil : tūmpu
Tamil meaning : tube, tubularity, sluice, outlet, vent in sluice, channel for irrigation, bamboo, bamboo tube, bamboo flute, a measure of capacity for grain, leathern bucket for baling water, gateway, doorway, path, way, narrow or difficult path, defile, pass
Tamil derivates : tūm a dry measure of capacity (< Te.)
Malayalam : tūmpu
Malayalam meaning : sluice, floodgate, drain, spout, perforation
Kannada : tūbu
Kannada meaning : nave of a wheel, sluice, etc., of a tank, hole or eye of an axe, hoe, etc., into which the handle goes, tube of an ear-ornament
Kannada derivates : tumbu a bore, tube, nave of the wheel through which the axle passes, outlet, sluice, watercourse; tūmbu (Hav.) outlet for a tank, (Gowda) sluice
Tulu : tūmbara
Tulu meaning : eye of a spade
Tulu derivates : tūmbarụ big hole, sluice, gutter; tūbè hole; tūmbu, tūmbè, sūmbu, sumbu sluice, gutter; sumbè small hole in a wall
Miscellaneous : IRU tumba measure (of paddy)
Number in DED : 3389
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *tūpar-
Meaning : hole
Telugu : tūparamu
Additional forms : Also tūmu a measure varying in capacity for different localities; a sluice, floodgate, drain, watercourse, outlet, bore, hole
Number in DED : 3389
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tum
Meaning : a k. of vessel, measure
Parji : tum botta, tum bukka "hollow trunk of tree used for draining water off fields"
Additional forms : Also Parji tūmu a measure
Number in DED : 3389
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tū̆m
Meaning : a k. of measuring vessel
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *tum
Meaning : hollowed trunk of tree for draining water
Muria Gondi : tum
Number in DED : 3389
Number in CVOTGD : 1747
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : tūm
Meaning: a measure of grain equal to four seers
Number in DED : 3389
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *tumb-r-
Meaning : tube, tunnel
Malto : tumbṛa
Additional forms : Also Mlt tombra tube
Number in DED : 3389
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *tumavja-
Meaning: round, oval
Russian meaning: круглый, овальный
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-inup,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *tumavja- (*tumǝvja-)
Meaning: round, oval
Russian meaning: круглый, овальный
SPI Dialects: Imaq tumáwiq 'round plate, disk'
Eastern Canadian Inupik: tumiujaq
Greenlandic Inupik: tumāšaq
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 349
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVMPV
Meaning : round
Amerind (misc.) : *tompa 'egg' (R 216) [+ A] African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-támà 'cheek'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-afr,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *dumb-
Meaning: ring
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-wch,afaset-lec,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *dumb-
Meaning: 'glass bangle'
Hausa: dùmbā
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *dub-
Meaning: 'ring' (n.)
Somali: duub
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,
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