Korean etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *bŭkrV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pea, nut, cone

Russian meaning: горох, орех, шишка

Turkic: *burčak

Mongolian: *buɣurčag

Tungus-Manchu: *boKari, *boKa-kta

Korean: *phắs

Comments: Дыбо 10, AKE 15, EAS 58. Phonetically a rather complicated case because of the rare medial cluster *-kr- with non-standard reflexes. Turkic, Mongolian and probably Korean reflect a suffixed form *bukrV-č`V (MKor. phắs = *phắč < *bukVr-č`V); medial -k- in the cluster had disappeared in PT and yielded -ɣ- in Mong. Another derivative from the same root may be the Turk.-Mong. name of various kinds of berries: PT *bögürtlen 'blackberry' etc., Mong. *böɣerel(ǯi)gene 'raspberry etc.' (KW 56).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *burčak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bean, pea

Russian meaning: бобы, горох

Old Turkic: burčaq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: burčaq (MK)

Turkish: burčak

Tatar: borčaq

Middle Turkic: burčaq (Sangl.)

Uzbek: burčɔq

Uighur: počaq

Sary-Yughur: pɨrčaq

Turkmen: burčaq

Shor: mɨrčaq

Oyrat: mɨrčaq

Chuvash: pъʷrźa, pǝʷrźe

Kirghiz: [būrčaq < Mong.]

Kazakh: buršaq

Noghai: buršaq

Bashkir: borsaq

Balkar: burčaq

Gagauz: borčaq

Karaim: burčax

Karakalpak: buršaq

Kumyk: burčaq

Comments: EDT 357, VEWT 89, ЭСТЯ 2, 275-277. Turk. > WMong. burčag, Kalm. burcǝg (KW 62, see TMN 2, 281, Щербак 1997, 110). Chuv. > Mari pursa; Bulg. > Hung. borsó, see Gombocz 1912.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *buɣurčag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pea

Russian meaning: горох

Written Mongolian: buɣurčaɣ, (L 132) buɣurčai

Middle Mongolian: burčax (HY 8)

Khalkha: būrcag

Buriat: būrsag 'semen, fruit of vegetables'

Kalmuck: būrcǝg

Ordos: burčaq

Dongxian: puča, puǯa

Baoan: pǝǯaG

Dagur: borečō (MD 126), borčō

Shary-Yoghur: purčaG

Monguor: puʒ́aG (SM 305), puǯaG

Comments: KW 65, MGCD 171. Variants without -ɣ- (WMong. burčaɣ etc.) should be regarded as Turkisms), but those with -ɣ- can be hardly explained in this way, despite Clark 1980, 43, Sukhebaatar; Southern Mong. forms are ambiguous, because they could have underwent secondary vowel shortening.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *boKa-ri, *boKa-kta

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pea 2 cone 3 nut 4 tree fungus

Russian meaning: 1 горох 2 шишка 3 орех 4 древесная губа

Evenki: bokoto, bokokto 2, 3

Even: bokot 2, 3

Negidal: boxoto 2, 3

Literary Manchu: boχori 1, bax́a 2

Ulcha: bōqto 3

Orok: bōqto 2, 3

Nanai: bōqto 3

Oroch: bokto 3

Udighe: bo`to 2, 4 (Корм. 213)

Solon: boxrō 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 90, 91. TM > Dag. bokrō 'peas' (Тод. Даг. 127). Nan. boχorị `pea' is most probably < Manchu.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ńVwV

Meaning: young

Indo-European: *yowen-

Altaic: *ńabĺu(-ǯV)

Comments: See *najlV.

References: Suggested by V. Glumov.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *yowen-

Meaning: young

Old Indian: yúvan-, gen. yū́naḥ `young'; `young person', f. yūnī, comp. yávīyas-, sup. yáviṣṭha-; yuvaśá- `young, youthful'

Avestan: yvan-, yavan- [für *yuvan- geschrieben], gen. yūnū 'Jungling'

Slavic: *jūnъ

Baltic: *jaûn-a- (2) adj.

Germanic: *jun-g-á- adj.; *jug(w)-unɵ-i- f., *jún-x-iz-a- adj.

Latin: iuvenis, -is m. `junger Mann', iuvenis adj. `jung', comp. iūnior; iūnīx f. `junge Kuh, Farse'; iuvencus, -ī m., iuvenca f. `junger Stier bzw. junge Kuh; junger Mensch bzw. Mädchen'

Other Italic: Umbr pl. dat. iovies `iuvenibus', acc. iovie `iuvenēs'; iveka `iuvencās', iuengar `iuvencae'

Celtic: Gaul Jovinc-illus, -a; OIr ōa `jünger', ōam `jüngst', oāc `jung', MIr ōc `jung'; Cymr ieuanc `jung', MCymr ieu `jünger', ieuaf, yeuhaf `jüngst'; Cymr iau `jünger', ieuaf `jüngst', MCorn yowynk `jung', Bret iaou `jünger', iaouank `jung'

Russ. meaning: молодой

References: WP I 200

Vasmer's dictionary :

Word: ю́ный,

Near etymology: ю́н, ю́на, ю́но, юне́ц, ю́ница, ю́ноша. Заимств. из цслав., судя по наличию ю- при исконном у-; см. Шахматов, Очерк 142; укр. ю́ний, стар., др.-русск. унъ "молодой, юный", уность, уноша, уница, ст.-слав. юнъ νέος, νεώτερος (Остром., Супр.), стар. болг. юн (Младенов 700), юне́ц, юне́ ср. р. "бычок", юна́к "герой", сербохорв. jу́нац, род. п. jýнца "бычок", jу̀ница "телка", словен. junóta, собир., ж. "молодежь", júnǝс "бычок, жук-олень", др.-чеш. junec "бычок", junoch "юноша", чеш. jinoch "юноша", слвц. junač ж. "молодежь", junák "парень, смельчак", польск. junosza, junoch "юноша", juniec "бычок", junak "юноша", н.-луж. диал. junk "бычок", полаб. jä́unac "бычок, тягловый скот".

Further etymology: Праслав. *junъ, *junьcь родственно лит. jáunas "молодой", лтш. jaûns -- то же, лит. jaunìkis "жених, молодожен", др.-инд. yúvan-, род. п. уū́nаs "молодой, юноша", сравн. степ. yávīyān, превосх. yáviṣṭhas, авест. yuvan-, род. п. уūnō, лат. iuvenis, iūnior, iuvencus "бычок", гот. juggs. Балто-слав. вокализм и интонация соответствуют сравн. степ., а формант -nо-, вероятно, из антонима *sеnоs "старый" (Мейе, МSL 14, 360); см. Траутман, ВSW 106 и сл.; Остхоф, МU 6, 293 и сл.; Эндзелин, СБЭ 198; М.--Э. 2, 102; Бернекер I, 459; Мейе -- Вайан 39; Мейе -- Эрну 590 и сл.; Перссон, IF 2, 244 и сл.

Pages: 4,531

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *jaûn-a- (2) adj.

Meaning: young

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: jáuna- `jung'

Lettish: jaûns `jung, geringen Alters; jung, einem Jungen angehörig; neu'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *jungá-; *jug(w)unɵi-z, *júnxiza-

Meaning: young

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *juŋg-s (a) `young', comp. juhiza `(the) younger'

Old Norse: ung-r `jung', comp. ȫri `jünger'

Norwegian: ung; öring `Knabe zwischen 15 und 20 Jahr'

Swedish: ung

Old Danish: comp. ürä

Danish: ung

Old English: geong (giong, geng, ging, iung, gung) `young, youthful, new, recent, fresh'; { geoguɵ }

English: young; youth

Old Frisian: jung; jogethe

Old Saxon: jung; juguth

Middle Dutch: jonc; jōghet, juecht, jocht, jōgede

Dutch: jong; jeugd f.

Middle Low German: junc; jȫget

Old High German: jung (8.Jh.); jugund `Mannbarkeit, Jünglingsalter' (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: junc (-g-) 'jung; vergnügt'; jugent st. f. `Jugend; junge Leute, Knaben'

German: jung; Jugend f.

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 786

Root: i̯eu-3

English meaning: young

German meaning: `jung'

Derivatives: Positiv i̯uu̯en- (: i̯ūn-), Kompar. i̯eu̯-i̯os

Material: Ai. yúvan- (yúvā, Gen. yū́naḥ) `jung; Jüngling', f. yūnī, Komp. Sup. yávīyas-, yáviṣṭa-ḥ; av. yvan-, yavan- (beides für yuvan- geschrieben), Gen. yūnō `Jüngling';

lat. juvenis `jung; Jüngling, Jungfrau' (zu -ven- statt -vin- vgl. EM² 509) statt *i̯uu̯ō auf Grund der alten kons. Kasus Gen. juven-is, Dat. -ī, Akk. -em usw.; jūnī-x `junge Kuh' lat.-c-Erw. neben ai. yūnī, dagegen Komp. jūnior mit jungem jūn- (durch lat. Entw. aus *juvenios); umbr. iouies `juvenibus, militibus', Akk. Pl. jovie (ein vom Komp. rückgebildetes *joviē-s `Schar der juniores'?);

air. ōa `jünger', ōam `jüngst', mcymr. ieu (ncymr. iau) `jünger', ieuaf (so auch ncymr.) `jüngst', bret. iaou `jünger', woneben der Positiv air. ōac (arch. oëc), mir. ōc, cymr. ieuanc, bret. iaouank, acorn. iouenc, mcorn. yowynk `jung', gall. Jovinc-illus, -a (idg. *i̯uu̯n̥k̂ós, s. unten), nach dem Komp.-Sup. zu kelt. *i̯eu̯-, *i̯ou̯n̥ko- umvokalisiert;

lit. jáunas, lett. jaûns; abg. junъ `jung' (-no-St. statt -n-St. nach *seno-s `alt'; i̯uu̯eno- nach dem Kompar. umgestellt zu *i̯eu̯eno-, bsl. *i̯ōuno-).

Ableitungen vom St. *i̯uu̯en-:

i̯uu̯n̥k̂ó-s: ai. yuvaśá-ḥ, yuvaká-ḥ `jugendlich', lat. juvencus, -a `junger Stier, junge Kuh, Junges', umbr. iveka, iuenga `juvenca', got. juggs, aisl. ungr, ahd. jung, ags. geong `jung' (urg. *jūngaz aus *juwungáz; dazu ein neuer Komp. *jū́nhizan- in:) got. jūhiza, aisl. ø̄re `jünger' (vgl. auch aisl. ø̄ska `Jugend' aus *jū[n]hiskōn-).

i̯uu̯ent-, i̯uu̯n̥t-: ai. yúvant-, f. yuvatí-ḥ `jung; Jungfrau'; ahd. jugund, as. juguð, ags. geoguð (g statt w nach *duʒunþi- `Tugend, Tüchtigkeit'), got. junda `Jugend' (*i̯uu̯n̥tā); lat. juventūs, -tūtis `Jugend' (jūventa = got. junda?) = air. ōetiu, ōitiu, Gen. -ted `Jugend' (*i̯ou̯n̥tūt-s, umgebildet aus i̯uu̯n̥tūt-, s. oben zu ōac).

Eine s-Erw. wahrscheinlich in ai. yṓṣā, Gen. *yōṣṇáh, N. Pl. yóṣūḥ, yṓṣaṇaḥ `junges, zum Liebesgenuß geeignetes Weib, Gattin'; für lat. Jūnō, wenn die Göttin eig. `die jugendliche' bedeutet, ist von dem in jūnīx, jūnior vorliegenden St. i̯ūn- abgeleitet; anders Leumann-Stolz⁵ 239.

References: WP. I 200 f., WH. I 735 f.

Pages: 510-511

PIE database: PIE database