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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kjǝs-
Meaning: to suffer, undergo, experience
Russian meaning: подвергаться, страдать
Modern Korean: kjǝk:-
Middle Korean: kjǝs-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *késa ( ~ *k`-)
Meaning: to suffer
Russian meaning: страдать
Comments: KW 228, Poppe 18, 65. Cf. *kasa. The Turkic form points rather to *k`-; if the TM forms are borrowed from Mong. (see Doerfer MT 69), we should rather reconstruct PA *k`ésa. altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *kes-
Meaning: 1 ban, prohibition 2 to punish, accuse, fine 3 tired, smashed 4 to scoff 5 guilt, flaw 6 to appoint 7 obstinate 8 to speak roughly, be in one's way, hinder 9 to be hungry, in distress
Russian meaning: 1 запрет 2 назначать наказание, обвинять, штрафовать 3 усталый, разбитый 4 издеваться 5 вина, недостаток 6 устанавливать, назначать 7 упрямый 8 говорить грубо, мешать, подводить 9 голодать, испытывать нужду
Old Turkic: kesetkü 1 (OUygh., Chin.-Uygh. Voc. - R)
Turkish: kes- 2, kesik 3, kesin- 4
Tatar: kisɛt- 2
Uighur: kɛs- 2, kesir 5
Azerbaidzhan: käsir 5
Turkmen: kesgitle- 6, kesir 7, kes- 2
Chuvash: kas- 8, kazъl- 9
Yakut: kes 'forbidden', keset- 'to punish, give a lesson'
Tuva: ke'ze- 'to be punished, scared'
Kirghiz: kes- 2, kesir 5
Kazakh: kes- 2, keser 'contemptuous', 5
Bashkir: kiɵɛt- 'to warn'
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *keseɣe-
Meaning: to punish, correct
Russian meaning: наказывать, исправлять
Written Mongolian: keseɣe- (L 459) Middle Mongolian: kese'e- (SH) Khalkha: xesē-
Buriat: xehē-
Kalmuck: kes- 'be punished'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kesē-
Meaning: 1 to suffer 2 to punish 3 scoundrel, rogue 4 to torture, lacerate 5 sad
Russian meaning: 1 страдать 2 наказывать 3 мерзавец, негодяй 4 мучить 5 печальный
Evenki: kesē- 1
Negidal: keseɣī- 2
Literary Manchu: kesemburu 3
Jurchen: ke-si-ge-bulu (368) 5
Ulcha: keseuču- 4
Nanai: kesū-li- 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 454-455. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kásíká-
Meaning: to be exhausted, wasted
Russian meaning: истощаться, чахнуть
Old Japanese: kasika-
Middle Japanese: kásíká-
Tokyo: kajike-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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