Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *púmh

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 breast, bosom 2 to carry in one's bosom

Russian meaning: 1 грудь, пазуха 2 нести за пазухой

Modern Korean: phum 1, phum- 2

Middle Korean: phum 1, phúm-, phɨm- 2

Comments: Liu 726, 728, KED 1766.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`òme

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: breast, part of breast

Russian meaning: грудь, часть груди

Turkic: *ömül-dürük

Mongolian: *(h)ün-Külčig

Tungus-Manchu: *pum-te

Korean: *púmh

Comments: SKE 216, EAS 56.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ömül-dürük

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: breastplate

Russian meaning: нагрудник

Uzbek: ọmildiriq

Uighur: ömüldürük

Kirghiz: ömüldürük

Kazakh: ömildirik

Bashkir: ümelderek

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 530, Лексика 553.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)ün-Külčig

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: part of body around the heart, pericardium

Russian meaning: часть тела вокруг сердца

Written Mongolian: öŋgülčei, üŋgülčig, (L 1010) üŋgülčeg

Khalkha: ünxelceg

Kalmuck: üŋglcǝg

Ordos: üŋgelčik

Comments: KW 459.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pum-te

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: part of body around the heart

Russian meaning: околосердечная сумка

Evenki: humte

Comments: ТМС 2, 347. Attested only in Evk., but having probable external parallels.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗome

Meaning: breast

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *p`ome

Uralic: *poŋe 'bosom'

Dravidian: *pom- (+ *pom- 1877)

References: Дыбо 1989, ND 216 *boŋE (Ur. - Drav.; compares also PSem *bam- / *ban- 'chest; back'?).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 805

Proto: *poŋe (-sV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: breast

German meaning: Busen

Finnish: povi (gen. poven) 'Busen, Brust'

Estonian: põu (gen. põue), dial. pō 'Busen, Schoß'

Saam (Lapp): buogŋå ~ vuogŋå -ŋ- (N) 'breast of a bird', puokŋa (L) 'der bauschige Brustteil des Lappenrockes', pī̊ññ (T), puññ (Kld. Not.) 'Busen; Blase'

Mordovian: pongo (E), pov, pova (M) 'Busen'

Mari (Cheremis): poŋgǝš (KB), pomǝ̑š (U B)

Udmurt (Votyak): pi (S K), pij (G) 'Busen, Schoß'

Komi (Zyrian): pi (S P PO), pij (Le.) 'Busen'

Khanty (Ostyak): puɣǝl (V), pŏχǝл (Kaz.), pŏχǝs-tǝχpǝ (DT)

Mansi (Vogul): pōt (TJ), pūt (KU), pǖt (P), pūt́i (So.) 'Busen (im Kleide)'

Sammalahti's version: FP *poŋi

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pom-

Meaning : to embrace

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pom-

Proto-North Dravidian : *pam-

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pom-

Meaning : to embrace

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : pom-

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pɔm-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pom[b]-

Konda etymology :

Konda : pom-

Meaning: to embrace (BB)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 4527

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *pɔm-

Meaning : to embrace

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : pom- (-t-)

Manda : pam-

Additional Forms : Also Pengo intens. popka-

Number in DED : 4527

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *pom[b]-

Meaning : to embrace

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : pomba (pombi-) "to embrace; n. embrace"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : pompki-ahanaha "with arms interlaced (pl. action)"

Kuwi (Schulze) : pomminai

Sunkarametta Kuwi : pom- (-it-)

Kuwi (Israel) : pom-/pomb- (-it-)

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Isr pomki ā- to embrace each other; pomṇeka/pomeka an armful

Number in DED : 4527

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *pam-

Meaning : to take between the legs (as the trunk of a tree while climbing)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : pamge

Number in DED : 4527

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVRV

Meaning : sinew; root

Eurasiatic : *SirV

Afroasiatic : *ĉer- (also *sVr- 'string, thread' in Sem., Berb., *Srm in Chad.); Jib. ŝrχ- 'root'

Sino-Caucasian : *[c]Vr(V)č̣V

Notes : Or Alt. *siŋri (764)

Reference : МССНЯ 341; ND 2106, 2171, 2802, 2803.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ĉVr-

Meaning: root

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ŝVrVŝ- 'root'

Berber: *-zar- 'root'

Western Chadic: *ĉyar-aw- 'root'

Central Chadic: *ŝar- 'root'

East Chadic: *ĉyar-aw-'root'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 747

Proto-Semitic: *ŝVrVŝ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'root'

Akkadian: šurš-

Ugaritic: šrš

Phoenician: šrš

Hebrew: šōräš

Aramaic: šerš-

Biblical Aramaic: šōrēš

Syrian Aramaic: šerš- Br 810

Mandaic Aramaic: širš-

Arabic: širš-

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ŝǝrǝw

Tigre: sǝr

Tigrai (Tigriñña): sur

Amharic: sǝr

Argobba: šǝrit, sǝr

Gafat: sǝr

Harari: sǝr

East Ethiopic: Wol sǝr

Gurage: Sod sǝr, Cha äsǝr

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *-zar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'root'

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): azař

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *ĉyar-aw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'root'

Hausa: sãiwā́

Bolewa: sori-b [CLR: 276]

Karekare: sírín {CLR]

Tangale: yaara [JgT]

Ngamo: šori ,čòorĩ [ShV]

Maha: sorom [NmM]

Kifri=Giwo: sóoríyó [ShB]

Gera: sùurǝ̀-ná [ShV]

Galambu: sùryà [ShV]

Geruma: sūra [ShB]

Miya: ŝerwa [SkNb]

Pa'a: ŝárì [MS] [

Siri: ŝūra [SkNb]

Mburku: ŝar-nani [SkNb]

Jimbin: ŝera [SkNb]

Polchi: ŝǝr-tǝ

Geji: ŝèl-kì [CLR: 276]

Zaar: s̃òr-tu [CLR]

Sayanchi: ŝǝr-tǝ

Guruntum: so:ri [Ja]

Buli: s̃ir [CLR]

Kir: ŝéri [CLR]

Wangday: s̃ir [CLR]

Tala: ŝer ki: [CLR]

Daffo-Butura: súrê [JgR]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *s̃ar-/*s̃war-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'root'

Dghwede=Zǝɣwana: s̃ǝ́lǝ̀ [CLR: 277]

Malgwa: s̃áláwe [Kr]̃ ́

Glavda: s̃àli [Rp]

Guduf: s̃ílà [CLR]

Mofu-Gudur: s̃as̃alay [BMof]

Gisiga: s̃as̃alak [CLR]

Gude: s̃ǝ̄r-gin [CLR]

Zime-Batna: s̃ó:r [Sa]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ĉyar-aw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'root'

Somrai: sár-bǝ̄ [CLR: 277]

Tumak: hèráw [Cp]

Ndam: sírwé [CLR: 277]

Lele: sārā [CLR: 277]

Kabalai: hàrà saar [CLR: 277]

Kera: kǝ́-sár [Eb]

Kwang: kà-sár [CLR: 277]

Dangla: čáàrò [Fd]

Migama: čáàrú [JMig]

Bidiya: čaara [JBid]

Mubi: čààró [CLR: 277]

Birgit: čááró [CLR: 277]

Mokilko: sòttó ? assim. <*sorto (<*ĉur-t-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[c]Vr(V)č̣V

Meaning: root

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Yenisseian: *čīǯ-

Burushaski: *cheréṣ

Basque: *śuśtrai

Comments and references : SCE 107. [?ST *sVr `thread']

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *čīǯ-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: root

Ket: ti:ŕi⁴ (Kur.), pl. tīŕeŋ¹; Bak., Sur. ti:dǝ4 / tidǝ⁴, pl. tīdǝŋ¹ / tīdeŋ¹; South. tiŕ⁴, pl. tīŕeŋ¹

Yug: ti:^ht́, pl. tid́iŋ¹

Kottish: ičičan (Бол.) "root"

Pumpokol: kédiŋ (Сл., Срсл., Кл.)

Comments: ССЕ 217. The Pump. form tɨči (Срсл.), tɨčɨ (Кл.) is in reality Yug. Yug has a regular dissimilation ti:ht́ < *t́i:hd́-); Assan has i-čičan instead of *i-čijan (devoicing *čīǯ- > *čīč-); see КС 158. The Assan and Pumpokol form (with a completely regular k-: cf. kit 'stone' < *čɨʔs etc.; Werner's question mark is therefore excessive) point unanimously to *č-, so Werner's (2, 265) reconstruction <*t^hiʔǝd'ǝ> is incorrect; needless to say, Kott thempul, Arin t́ēmbirgaŋ 'root' (see *t[e]mbVĺ-), despite Werner, have nothing to do with the present root.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *cheréṣ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: root

Yasin: ceréṣ

Hunza: chiríṣ

Nagar: chiríṣ

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *śuśt(V)r(V)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 root 2 stubble (of crops) 3 sting, prick (of snake) 4 foundation, origin

Bizkaian: sustrai, zustrai 1, sustar, suster 1, 2, 3

Gipuzkoan: sustrai 1, 4

High Navarrese: sustrai 1

Comments: A western Bsq isogloss. Cf. sirats 'nerve, vein, tendon' (Trask 1995; not in Azkue with this meaning). The BZK form zustrai is anomalous (not having the usual assimilation of sibilants) - influenced by *sul 'wood, tree'?

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