Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *odu-s

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild yak, buffalo

Russian meaning: дикий як, буйвол

Written Mongolian: udus (L 862)

Middle Mongolian: odos (HY 11)

Khalkha: odos (БАМРС)

Comments: Hardly < Turk. qotuz, despite Clark 1980, 39.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *udV ( ~ i̯u-, i̯o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ox, buffalo

Russian meaning: вол, буйвол

Turkic: *ud

Mongolian: *odu-s

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. EAS 153 (despite criticism in TMN 2, 141 the old etymology may still be valid), Лексика 435.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ud

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ox, bull

Russian meaning: вол, бык

Old Turkic: ud (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: uδ (MK)

Middle Turkic: uj (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.)

Uighur: uj

Sary-Yughur: ut

Oyrat: uj

Kirghiz: uj

Comments: EDT 34, ЭСТЯ 1, 572-573, Лексика 434-435 ( > MMong. uj, Щербак 1997, 161).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *wedV

Meaning: a horned animal

Indo-European: *wet- (-t- - probably through contamination with *wet- 'year'?)

Altaic: *udV ( ~ i̯u-, i̯o-)

Uralic: *wäδV

Dravidian: *jōḍ-

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *wet-

Meaning: calf, lamb

Old Indian: vatsá- `calf, young of an animal', savātár- `having the same calf'

Other Iranian: Iran > Votjak vetël `Kalb, zweijährige Kuh'

Old Greek: dial. étalo-n, ételo-n n. Bez. eines jungen Tieres (Jährling ?)

Germanic: *wíɵ-r-u- m.

Latin: vitulus, gen. -ī m. `Kalb; Meerkalb'

Other Italic: Umbr vitluf `vitulōs'

Celtic: *wet-si- > Ir feis `Sau, Schwein'; Corn guis `Sau, Schwein', MBret gues `Sau, Schwein'

Albanian: vitš Kalb

Russ. meaning: скот (телок / барашек)

References: WP I 251

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *wíɵru-z

Meaning: lamb

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: wiɵru-s m. (u) `lamb'

Old Norse: veδr m. `Widder'

Norwegian: veder, ver

Swedish: vädur

Danish: väder, vädder

Old English: { weɵer }

English: wether

Old Saxon: wethar

Middle Dutch: wēder

Dutch: weer m.

Old Franconian: wither

Middle Low German: wed(d)der, wēr

Old High German: widar (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: wider st. m., md. widder, wëder st. m., n. 'widder'

German: Widder m.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1144

Proto: *wäδV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: a large animal

German meaning: irgendein grösseres Tier

Estonian: veis (gen. veise, veikse), vedis, vediks (gen. vedikse) 'Rind, Rindvieh' ?

Saam (Lapp): vāđok (N) 'juvenca tertium aetatis suae annum ingrediens', vāđok, vāđŏk (N) 'young cow, rather more than two years old' ?

Mordovian: vedraš (E M) 'Färse, junge Kuh', ved́aka (E) ?

Mari (Cheremis): wǝlǝ (KB), wüĺö (U), wülä (B) 'Stute' ? [if *-δ-, then Mari < Perm.]

Udmurt (Votyak): val (K G) 'Pferd'

Komi (Zyrian): ve̮l (S), ve̮v (P), vȯl )PO) 'Pferd'

Khanty (Ostyak): weli (V), wĕtǝ (DN), wŭлĭ (Kaz.) 'Rentier'

Sammalahti's version: *wäδä

Addenda: Liv. vediks, veds 'Vieh' ?

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *jōḍ-

Meaning : goat

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *jōḍ-

Proto-Telugu : *ēḍ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *jōḍ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *ēṛ-ā

Brahui : hēṭ

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *jōḍ-

Meaning : goat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : yāṭu, āṭu

Tamil meaning : goat, sheep

Tamil derivates : āṭṭ-āḷ shepherd

Malayalam : āṭu

Malayalam meaning : goat, sheep

Malayalam derivates : āṭṭukāran shepherd

Kannada : āḍu

Kannada meaning : goat

Kodagu : āḍɨ

Kodagu meaning : goat

Tulu : ēḍụ

Tulu meaning : goat

Proto-Nilgiri : *āḍ

Number in DED : 5152

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *āḍ

Meaning : goat

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : āṛ (obl. āṭ-)

Toda : ōḍ

Number in DED : 5152

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ēḍ-

Meaning : ram

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ēḍika

Dialectal forms (1) : ēṭa (B)

Number in DED : 5152

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *jōḍ-

Meaning : goat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *jēṭ-i

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ōḍ-ā

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ōḍ-a

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *jēṭ-i

Meaning : she-goat

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : yēṭī

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : yēṭī

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : yēṭī

Muria Gondi : ēṭi

Seoni Gondi : ēṭi

Number in DED : 5152

Number in CVOTGD : 376

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ōḍ-ā

Meaning : goat

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : ōḍa

Manda : ūḍe

Number in DED : 5152

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ōḍ-a

Meaning : goat

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : ōḍa

Dongriya Kuwi : ōḍa

Kuwi (Mahanti) : o'ḍā

Number in DED : 5152

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *ēṛ-ā

Meaning : she-goat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ēṛā

Malto : ēṛe

Number in DED : 5152

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : hēṭ

Meaning : she-goat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 5152

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