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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)obur
Meaning: (bad) appearance, arrogance
Russian meaning: (плохой) внешний вид
Written Mongolian: obur; oburda- 'to be arrogant' (L 599) Khalkha: ovor 'appearance', ovorǯi- 'to look as an old man'
Buriat: obor 'bad, uncomely'
Kalmuck: owr 'appearance'
Ordos: owor
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *op`á(rV)
Meaning: to wear out, be wasted, have a bad {look}
Russian meaning: изнашиваться, стареть, плохо выглядеть
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *op-ra-
Meaning: to wear out (intr.), decay
Russian meaning: изнашиваться, стареть
Old Turkic: apra- 1 (OUygh. ?)
Karakhanid: opra- 1 (MK, KB) Middle Turkic: opra-/opran-, ofra-/ofran 1 (Sangl.) turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-chg,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)upara-
Meaning: to neglect, mistake
Russian meaning: ошибаться, упускать из виду
Spoken Manchu: ufarǝ- (1761)
Literary Manchu: ufara-
Comments: ТМС 2, 295. Attested only in Manchu, with possible external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ampu-
Meaning: 1 to waste, discard, throw away 2 to suffer a loss, roam in a wasted state
Russian meaning: 1 выкидывать, выбрасывать 2 терпеть неудачу, потерянно бродить
Old Japanese: abu-s- 1
Middle Japanese: abura- 2
Tokyo: aburé- 2
Kyoto: ábúré- 2
Kagoshima: aburé- 2
Comments: The accent is difficult to reconstruct. The attestations of abu-ra- in OJ and MJ (RJ ábúra-) appear to mean 'to overflow' and probably represent a different root. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVṗV
Meaning: weak, exhausted
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *āp[e]-
Meaning: ill, weak
Old Indian: apvā́ f. `name of a disease (got in danger)'
Avestan: afša- m. `Schaden, Unheil', afšman- n. `Schaden, Nachteil'
Old Greek: [ǟ]pedanó- `schwach, hinfällig, gebrechlich', [ǟ́]pio- 'freundlich, wohlgesinnt, gnädig, mild'
Russ. meaning: больной, слабый
Comments: Compared with Tokh B apsāl n. 'sword' (Adams 17 - ?)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *ā̂p-u- adj., *ā̂p-ā̂ f.
Meaning: wound, abscess
Lithuanian: ōpà 'eiternde Wunde, Schwäre, Geschwür', ṓpu-, ōpù- `zart, empfindlich, heikel, bedenklich, misslich, sehr fühlbar, brennend, dringend, weichlich, zerbrechlich'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 98
Root: ap-3, āp-
English meaning: old; damage
German meaning: `gebrechlich; Schaden'
Material: Ai. apvā́ `Krankheit, Durchfall', av. (von einem -es-St.) afša- m. `Schaden, Unheil'; lit. opū́s `schwach, wund, gebrechlich' (Charpentier KZ. 40, 442 f.), vermutlich gr. ἠπεδανός `gebrechlich, schwach' (Bezzenberger BB. 1, 164; zum Ausgang s. Risch 98; anders Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 530).
References: WP. I 47, Specht Dekl. 345.
Pages: 52
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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