Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *segseji- / *sogsoji-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bristle, stick out

Russian meaning: торчать (о волосах)

Written Mongolian: segsüi-, segseji-, soɣsuji- (L 682, 723)

Khalkha: segsij-, sogsoj-

Buriat: hagsagar/hegseger 'легкий, воздушный, пушистый (о хорошем мехе)'{;} hegselze- 'пушиться о мехе'

Kalmuck: seksi-

Ordos: segsī-

Comments: KW 322.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *segsV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: nape, back of head

Russian meaning: затылок, задняя часть головы

Turkic: *sügsün

Mongolian: *segseji- / *sogsoji-

Tungus-Manchu: *sekse-

Comments: Лексика 235. A Western isogloss. Turk. *sügsün < *segsün through vowel assimilation.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sügsün

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: nape

Russian meaning: затылок

Old Turkic: süsgün (OUygh.) 'backside, rump'

Turkish: sügsün, süjsün (dial.)

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) süksün (AH)

Azerbaidzhan: süjsün

Oyrat: süskenek

Comments: EDT 856, Лексика 234-235, ЭСТЯ 7.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sekse-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: back of head

Russian meaning: затылок

Literary Manchu: seksexe

Comments: ТМС 2, 139. Attested only in Manchu, but having probable Turk. and Mong. parallels.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *[s]VKV

Meaning: nape, back

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *segsV

Kartvelian: ? Sv. šiq̇ 'back'

Dravidian: *Cu[g]-

Comments: ? Cf. Ur. *soja 'arm, sleeve' ?

References: ND 2024 *Süg[E] 'back of the neck, back'. Sv. šiq̇ is compared in ND 2095 with Ur. *säŋkV 'arm' (?; + Cush.). Cf. *CVgV.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *Cu[g]-

Meaning : shoulder, nape of the neck

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *Cuval- (?)

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *suk- (*c-)

Brahui : cug_h_

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *Cuval- (?)

Meaning : shoulder, nape of neck

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cuval

Tamil meaning : nape of the neck, upper part of the neck, back, mane

Tamil derivates : cekil upper part of the shoulders

Malayalam : cumal

Malayalam meaning : shoulder

Kannada : tegal

Kannada meaning : shoulder

Notes : Several roots mixed in.

Number in DED : 2696

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *suk- (*c-)

Meaning : shoulder-blade

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *suk- (*c-)

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *suk- (*c-)

Meaning : shoulder-blade

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : sukoṛi, sukoli

Number in DED : 2696

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : cug_h_

Meaning : nape of the neck

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 2696

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVKV

Meaning : nape, back

Eurasiatic : *śVKV

Afroasiatic : *ʒig/k-; Cush. *zVg- 'back', Chad. *ʒVg- 'shoulder' (etc.)

Sino-Caucasian : *ʒV[k]wV

Reference : Blazh. DA, LB, ND 2024, 2711, 2717.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʒig/k- (?)

Meaning: shoulder, back

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

East Chadic: *ǯig/k- 'shoulder'1, 'arm' 2

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *ʒig- 'shoulder' 1, 'back' 2

Omotic: *zikk- 'back'

Notes: Scarce data. The velar in Auslaut is unclear.

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ǯig/k-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'shoulder'1, 'arm' 2

Ndam: ǯik-ám [?] 1

Kwang: ǯígi-ḍí 2 [Jg]

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *ʒig-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'shoulder' 1, 'back' 2

Bilin: zeeg, zäg 1

Khamir: ziig 1

Khamta: siig 2

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *zikk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'back'

Ometo: zikkoo

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʒV[k]wV

Meaning: back

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: PAT *zǝkʷa `back'

Yenisseian: *suga

Burushaski: *-́sqa

Basque: *bi=ska-r̄

Comments and references : DCE 2.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *suga / *ʔuska

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: back, backwards

Ket: śuga⁶; uśka⁵ 'back (homeward)'

Yug: sugéj; uskej⁵ 'back (homeward)'

Kottish: šūka; Ass. šúxa (М., Сл., Кл.), šuga (Кл.)

Arin: ogoš (?) (metathesis < *ošog?)

Pumpokol: tuk

Comments: ССЕ 276-277. Arin. ogoš is related by Werner (2, 43) to *ʔoŋ- q.v., which is not exluded. The relationship between *suga and *uska is complicated. Werner (2, 216 <*suk / *tuk>) plainly rejects it. But in Yenisseian there are similar cases of prefixed *ʔV-: cf. *saq- / *ʔasq- 'guilt'; Kott. i-čičan 'root' < *čīǯ-, u-šōx 'ice' < *čǝG-; more frequently there occurs a prefixed al- (al-šip 'dog' < *čip, al-tūma 'bird' < *duma, al-aga 'star' < *qɔ̄qa, al-thai 'whitefish' < *taŕ, al-thītega 'ant' < *tɨt-, al-thax "duck" < *tɔ̄q etc.). The nature of this prefixation is so far unclear (possibly archaic class prefixes), but it seems plausible to derive Ket uśka < *ʔV-suga. Another possible explanation of uśka could be a contamination with PY *ʔus- "away, asunder" q.v. (direct deduction of *ʔuska from this *ʔus- seems hardly possible for semantic reasons).

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-sqa

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: on the back

Yasin: -́sqa

Hunza: -́sqa

Nagar: -́sqa

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *bi=ska-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 back (of body) 2 crest, high plain

Araban: 1, 2

Bizkaian: bizkar 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: bizkar 1, 2

High Navarrese: bizkar 1, 2

Low Navarrese: bizkar 1, 2

Lapurdian: bizkar 1, 2

Zuberoan: bizkar 1, 2

Roncalese: bizkar 1, 2

Comments: This word, both anatomical and geographic, is “commonly thought to be the source of the province name Bizkaia" (Trask: EDB 146).

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