Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *üjer

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flood, freshet

Russian meaning: поток, наводнение

Written Mongolian: üjer (L 1002)

Middle Mongolian: ujer (HY 4)

Khalkha: üjer

Buriat: üjer

Kalmuck: üjr

Ordos: üjer

Dagur: ujir

Shary-Yoghur: ǖr

Comments: KW 456, MGCD 691, TMN 2, 156. Mong. > Tuva üjer (see Лексика 90).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *i̯uge(ŕV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: river, small river

Russian meaning: река, речка

Turkic: *ügüŕ (~ *ö-)

Mongolian: *üjer

Tungus-Manchu: *ugē(r)- / *ug-be(n)

Korean: *jǝ̀hɨ́r

Japanese: *ùrà

Comments: KW 456, Владимирцов 323, (Turk.-Mong.), PKE 63 (Kor.-Turk.). Low tone in Jpn. (not matching the low tone in Kor.) is probably due to contraction. The Mong. form cannot be separated, despite TMN 2, 156 ("lautgesetzlich mit der tü. Form nichts zu tun"). One should also note PTM *üge-n 'river duct' (Neg. īɣen, Ud. jogo-so, Ul. ui-n, ТМС 1, 297, 2, 250); PT *ögen (OUygh. ögen, Oyr. ȫn).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ügüŕ (~ *ö-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: small river

Russian meaning: речка

Old Turkic: ügüz (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ügüz (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: Kypch. ochus (CCum.)

Uighur: ögüz

Sary-Yughur: ügüz

Khakassian: ǖs

Comments: VEWT 369, EDT 119-120, TMN 2, 156, Лексика 90.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ugē(r)- / *ug-be(n)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wave 2 jet 3 river rift

Russian meaning: 1 волна 2 струя, рябь, зыбь 3 порог (на реке), перекат

Evenki: ūɣe 1, dial. uwē, uwge-

Negidal: uwē 1, ubge-n 3

Literary Manchu: were-n 2

Ulcha: ugbe(n) 3

Nanai: wẽ 1, ugbẽ 3

Oroch: uwe 1, 2

Udighe: wē (Корм. 219), ue 1, 2, ugbe(n) 3

Comments: ТМС 1,132; 2, 243, 247.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *jǝ̀hɨ́r

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shallow place

Russian meaning: отмель

Modern Korean: jǝul

Middle Korean: jǝ̀hɨ́r

Comments: Nam 374, KED 1165.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ùrà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bay, coast

Russian meaning: залив, побережье

Old Japanese: ura

Middle Japanese: ùrà

Tokyo: urá

Kyoto: úrà

Kagoshima: urá

Comments: JLTT 563.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HVgV(rV)

Meaning: water basin, river

Indo-European: *ag'her-

Altaic: *i̯uge(ŕV)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'iɣʷǝ-

Comments: (Cf. *ʕEḳu )

References: Suggested by V. Glumov.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *ag'her-

Meaning: lake

Old Greek: Akhérōn; akheroúsia = hǘdata helṓdē Hsch.

Slavic: *ezero, *ezerъ

Baltic: *aǯer-a-, *eǯar-a-, *aǯar-a- n.

Russ. meaning: озеро

References: Fraenkel 125

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *aǯer-a-, *eǯar-a-, *aǯar-a- n.

Meaning: lake

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: ẽžera-s, dial. ãžera-s 'See'

Lettish: ęzęrs, ęzars 'See; Mühlenstauung'

Old Prussian: assaran 'See' Voc. 60

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ijvǝ- (~ *ijɣʷ ǝ)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): глубокий, низкий

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *iʒbǝ-

Proto-Itelmen: *'izu-

Comments: Ср. *ew- 'долина' (666).

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *iʒbǝ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): глубокий (о тарелке, яме) 1, пол 2

Koryak: iwjí-tqǝ-n 2

Alutor: īvǝ- 1

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *'izu-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): низкий

Itelmen: 'izu-lah 1, 'izu-se-kes 2

Itelmen meaning: низкий 1, понижаться 2

West Itelmen: 'izu-leɣ 1, n-ezoɣ-az 2

West Itelmen meaning: humilis 1, deprimere, in inferiorem locum detrudere 2

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): niski 1, zniżać, poniżać 2

Number in Volodin 1976: 46, 50

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