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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *turaɣu
Meaning: raven, crow
Russian meaning: ворон
Written Mongolian: turaɣu, turulɣa, turalaɣ (L 843: turlaɣ 'rook') Middle Mongolian: tura'un (HY 13) Khalkha: xar torū; turliax 'галка'
Buriat: turlāg
Kalmuck: torǝg, torlǝg
Ordos: xara turū, alaG turū
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ́ro(-k`V)
Meaning: a k. of bird
Russian meaning: вид птицы
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *torgaj
Meaning: 1 small bird 2 lark
Russian meaning: 1 маленькая птица 2 жаворонок
Old Turkic: torɨɣa 1
Karakhanid: turumtaj 'a predatory bird used for hawking' (MK) Turkish: turgaj 2
Tatar: turɣaj 2
Azerbaidzhan: toraɣaj
Turkmen: torGaj 2
Khakassian: pos-tarɣaj 2
Chuvash: tъʷri 2
Yakut: tujār 1
Kirghiz: torɣoj 2
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *turākī
Meaning: crow, rook
Russian meaning: ворона, грач
Evenki: turākī
Even: tụrъ̣qị
Negidal: torāxị̄
Nanai: torākị
Oroch: tuaxi, tuwaki
Udighe: tua`i
Solon: turāki
Comments: ТМС 2,218 (sub тура- 'раскрыть'). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *tằrk
Meaning: fowl
Russian meaning: курица, петух
Modern Korean: tak [talk]
Middle Korean: tằrk
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tǝ́rí
Meaning: bird
Russian meaning: птица
Old Japanese: tori
Middle Japanese: tórí
Tokyo: tòri
Kyoto: tórí
Kagoshima: tói
Nase: tùrí
Shuri: túì
Hateruma: tu_̀r_ɨ̀
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV
Meaning: black-cock
Dravidian: SDr *tār- / *tār_- 'duck, heron'
Comments: Cf. Ainu *tiri 'bird'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *teterw-, *tetrāw-
Meaning: heath-cock, grouse, pheasant
Old Indian: {tittirá- m., tittíri- m. `partridge'}
Other Iranian: NPers tadarv `Fasan'
Old Greek: tétaros m. 'pheasant' Ptol. Euerg.; tetráōn, -ōnos m. = órnis poiós Hsch., cf. Lat tetrao 'guinea-fowl, Meleagris numida' Suet., but also 'black grouse and capercaillie, Tetrao tetrix and urogallus', prob. in Plin. HN; tetrádōn (Alc.) prob. = tetráōn; tetraîon = ornithárion ti (lákōnes) Hsch.; tétrăk-s, -ăgos/-ăkos m. name of 2 kinds of wild birds, 1) prob. 'hazel-grouse or ryper', 2) a small bird, like the spermológos'; tétrik-s, -igos f. a bird, also called oûraks by the Athenians, diffnt. from tétraks and tetráōn, perhaps 'pipit'
Latin: ? tarāx, -ācis m. "tetracem Rōmae quem nunc vocitāre tarācem coepērunt" Nemes. auc. 1
Celtic: OIr tethra 'Krähe'
Russ. meaning: птица (тетерев, глухарь, фазан)
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: те́терев,
Near etymology: род. п. -а, тете́ря, тете́р(ь)ка, диал. тете́ра, тетёрка, арханг. (Подв.), уральск. (Даль), укр. тетерва́к, тете́ра, тете́ря, блр. цеце́ря, др.-русск. тетеревь, др.-русск. основа на -i (Соболевский, Лекции 198), русск.-цслав. тетрѣвь φᾱσιᾱνος (ХII в.), болг. тетрев (Младенов 633), сербохорв. те̏триjеб, те̏тре̑б "глухарь", словен. tetrȇv "фазан", др.-чеш. tetřěv, чеш. tetřev "глухарь", слвц. tetrov, польск. cietrzew, род. п. -wia, сiесiоrkа ж.
Further etymology: Праслав. *tetervь родственно др.-прусск. tatarwis "тетерка", лит. tetervà, лтш. teteris, лит. tetirvà ж. (см. Буга, РФВ 75, 149), далее связано с нов.-перс. tеδеrv "фазан", мидийск. τεταρος (Афиней), др.-исл. þiðurr "глухарь", шв. tjäder, ирл. tethra, греч. τέτραξ, род. п. -αγος /-ακος м., ж. "цесарка", τετράζω "кудахчу", τετράων м. "глухарь", также др.-инд. tittirás, tittíriṣ "куропатка", лат. tetrinniō, tetrissitō "крякаю (об утке)"; см. Траутман, ВSW 320 и сл.; Арr. Sprd. 446; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 112; Шпехт 48; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 2, 107; М.--Э. 4, 169; Торп 184. Звукоподражательного происхождения; ср. лтш. tiri, tiru -- межд., передающее клохтание тетерева, tirinât (М. -- Э. 4, 195). Говорить о заимствовании слав. слов из ир. (Мi. ТЕl. 2, 172) нет основания.
Trubachev's comments: [Гидроним Тетерев (бассейн Днепра) Мошинский (Zasiąg, стр. 176) этимологизирует независимо от нарицательного слова, производя его от удвоенного *ter- "тереть". -- Т.]
Pages: 4,52
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *teterw-ā̂ f., *teterw-a- m., *tetirw-ā̂, -iā̃ f., -ia c., *teter-ia- m.; *tī̂tar-a-, *tī̂ter-a- , -ia- (1) c.
Meaning: heath-cock, grouse
Old Lithuanian: tītara-s 'Truthahn'
Lithuanian: tetervà `Birkhenne, -huhn, Tetrao tetrix', dial. tetrava-s `Birkhahn', tetirvà `Birkhenne', tetirvē `Kronwicke, Schaflinse', tẽtervina-s `Birk-, Auerhahn'; tytara-s 'Truthahn'
Lettish: teteris, tetēris, tetîris2 (< *tetirvis ?), tętęrę̄ns `Birkhuhn'; tĩtars, tĩtęrs, tĩteris 'Truthahn'
Old Prussian: tatarwis `Birkhuhn' V. 767
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ɵiɵura-z
Meaning: grouse
Old Norse: ɵiδur-r m. `Auerhahn'
Norwegian: tidur, tiur
Swedish: tjäder
Danish: tjur
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2007
Root: tet(e)r-
English meaning: to quack (expr. root)
German meaning: redupl. Schallwort `gackern, hühnerartige Vögel u. dgl.'
Material: Ai. tittirá-, tittirí-, tittíri- m. `Rebhuhn'; arm. tatrak `Turteltaube'; npers. taðarv `Fasan' (auch gr. τατύρας, τέταρος ds. sind pers. Ursprungs);
gr. τετράων, m. `Auerhahn' (*τετρα-ων), τέτραξ (daraus lat. tetrax) `Perlhuhn' (*tetr̥ks), τετράδων, τετραι̃ον, τετράων Vogelname bei Hesych., τέτριξ `ein Vogel'; Neuschöpfung mir. tethra `Krähe' (*tetori̯ā), aisl. þiðurr `Auerhahn' (*þeþuraz); apr. tatarwis `Birkhuhn', lit.tetervas ds., lett. teteris (Gen. teterja, aus *tetervis), lit. tẽtervinas `Birkhahn, Auerhahn', tetirvà `Birkhenne' (lett. tĩtars `Truthahn' beeinflußt von tītêt, s. ti-ti-), russ.-ksl. tetrěvi Akk. Pl. `φασιανούς', skr. tȅtrijeb `Auerhahn', ačech. tetřěv ds., russ. téterev `Birkhahn' (tetërka `Birkhenne, Birkhuhn');
verbal gr. τετράζω `gackere, gluckse (von der Henne)', lat. tetrinniō, -īre, tetrissitō, -āre `schnattern (von Enten)';
auch in anderen schallmalenden Worten kehrt t-r als charakteristisches Element wieder, vgl. z. B. lat. turtur `Turteltaube', *storos `Star', die Drossel-Namen (S. 1096), streīg-, streīd(h)- `zischen, schwirren', gr. τρύζω `girre', τρυγών f. `Turteltaube', τερετίζω `zirpe'.
References: WP. I 718, WH. II 677 f., Trautmann 320 ff., Vasmer 3, 101; vgl. tor- S. 1088 f., Mayrhofer 1, 500.
Pages: 1079
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1660
Proto: *tere (*tetre)
English meaning: black-cock
German meaning: Birkhuhn, Birkhahn
Finnish: teeri (gen. teeren) 'Birkhuhn, Birkhahn', dial. teiri, terri, töyri, teyri, tetri ?
Estonian: teder (gen. tedre), dial. tedre, tedr, tõdr ?
Udmurt (Votyak): tur (S K G) ?
Komi (Zyrian): tar (S P PO) ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭrad-
Russian meaning: голубь
English meaning: pigeon
Georgian: ṭred-
Megrel: ṭoronǯ-
Laz: ṭoroǯ-, ṭooǯ-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 183, EWK 334.
kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *tǝratǝr[i]
Meaning: bird (sp.)
Russian meaning: птица (спец.)
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 336
esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *tǝratǝrVHi-
Meaning: bird (sp.)
Russian Meaning: птица (один из видов)
Chaplino: //tǝratǝrīq (ʁ) 'dunkin, red phalarope, sandpiper'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 336
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *taa[tr]i-
Meaning: loon 1, kittiwake 2
Russian meaning: гагара 1
North Alaskan Inupik: tāsiŋiq, tātciŋiq 1, tātciŋiraq 'stale-coloured junco'
Greenlandic Inupik: tātiʁāq 2
GRI Dialects: EG tālaqqāq 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 336
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-nai,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVRV
Meaning : a k. of bird
Afroasiatic : *ṭayr-
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ṭayr-
Meaning: bird
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-omo,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 2547
Proto-Semitic: *ṭayr-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: bird
Hebrew: pB. ṭayir, ṭǝyār 'divination from birds, augury' [Ja. 531].
Judaic Aramaic: ṭyr (pa., itpa.) 'to augur' [Soq. 223] (cf. [Ja. 526]).
Syrian Aramaic: ṭayrā 'avis' [Brock. 274], [PS 1449].
Modern Aramaic: Urm ṭayr-
Arabic: ṭayr- 'oiseau; augure, surtout mauvais' [BK 2 129], [LA IV 508]. Note ṭyr (V, VIII) 'augurer mal, tirer un mauvais augure de quelque chose' [ibid.].
Geʕez (Ethiopian): taṭayyara 'to divine by observing the flight of birds' [LGz. 600] (cf. [Nöldecke WB 64]).
Notes: Note Cha. Eža Muh. Msq. Gog. Sod. Wol. ṭur, Enm. End. Gyt. Sel. ṭūr 'good fortune, luck' [LGur. 630] (for -u- cf. Arb. ṭūrat- 'mauvaise augure' [BK 2 129]), probably to be kept apart from Amh. ṭur 'punishment which befalls a wrongdoer, arrogant behaviour, insult' [K 2112] (contra Leslau). Cf. Tna. č̣ǝru 'uccellino, bengallino, e tutti uccelli piccoli' [Bass. 930], Msq. č̣ǝrri, Gog. č̣ǝrriyä 'kind of bird' [LGur. 187]. Eth. verbs like Gez. ṭayyara 'to fly' [LGz. 600], Tgr. ṭera 'to hover (eagle)' [LH 619], Amh. taṭayyara 'to fly' [K 2173] are regarded as Arabisms in [LGz.]. [LGz. 601]: Gez., Arb., Arm., Hbr. pB.; [Brock. 274]: Syr., Jud., Arb., Gez.
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-new,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-notes,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: ṭor-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: vulture
Kafa (Kaficho): Manjo B ṭōro Fleming Kefa (Gonga) Languages, The Non-Semitic Languages of Ethiopia, Mon. No. 5
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-kaf,
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