Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kutu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to drag 2 mountaineering 3 to raise, lift

Russian meaning: 1 тащить, волочить 2 подъем (в гору) 3 поднимать

Even: kötъɣ, kötъŋe 2

Literary Manchu: xete- 3

Nanai: kutu- 1

Oroch: kotolo 'sleigh'

Comments: ТМС 1, 418, 421, 483. Man. > Ul., Nan. xete- 'raise, lift'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *kŏt`i

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to lift, raise

Russian meaning: поднимать

Turkic: *göt-

Mongolian: *kötü-

Tungus-Manchu: *kutu-

Japanese: *kutu-

Comments: EAS 147, KW 242, TMN 1, 459.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *göt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to rise, raise

Russian meaning: поднимать(ся)

Old Turkic: kötür- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kötür- (MK, KB)

Turkish: götür-

Tatar: kütɛr-

Middle Turkic: köter- (Abush., MA)

Uzbek: kọtar-

Uighur: kötär-

Sary-Yughur: küter- (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: göt-

Turkmen: göter-

Khakassian: ködǝr-

Shor: ködür-

Oyrat: ködür-

Halaj: ketür-, ketir-

Yakut: köt-; kötör 'bird'

Dolgan: köt- 'to fly; run'

Tuva: ködür-

Tofalar: kö'tür-

Kirghiz: kötör-

Kazakh: köter-

Noghai: köter-

Bashkir: kütär-

Balkar: kötür-

Gagauz: götür-

Karaim: köter-

Kumyk: göter-

Comments: VEWT 294, EDT 706, ЭСТЯ 3, 86-88, Stachowski 158. Cf. also Karakh. kötki 'hill', kötü 'the roof of a house' (MK, EDT 701).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kötü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to lead 2 hill 3 to be high, lift the breast

Russian meaning: 1 вести 2 холм 3 возвышаться, поднимать грудь

Written Mongolian: kötüle- (L 493: kötül-, kötel-) 1, kötül 2 (L 493: kötül, kötel), köteji- 3

Middle Mongolian: kotol- 1 (HY 39, SH)

Khalkha: xötlö- 1, xötöl 2

Buriat: xütel- 1, xütel 2

Kalmuck: kötl- 1, kötl 2, kötī- 3

Ordos: götöl- 1, götöl 2

Baoan: kutel- 1 (Тод. Бн.)

Dagur: kutlē- 1 (Тод. Даг. 152: kutule-), kutelē- (MD 185)

Shary-Yoghur: kütēl- 1

Monguor: kudor (SM 206), 2 (MGCD kudol), kudoli- (SM 206), kudolǝ- 1

Comments: KW 242, MGCD 378. TMN 1, 323. Kalm. kötr- 'to lift' may be borrowed < Turk. Mong. > Man. kutule- (see Doerfer MT 118, Rozycki 147; but Nan. kutu- can hardly be explained as a loan).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kutu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to turn upside down

Russian meaning: переворачиваться (вверх дном)

Old Japanese: kutu-kapjer-

Middle Japanese: kútú-kafer-

Tokyo: kutsugáe-

Kyoto: kútsúgáé-

Kagoshima: kùtsùgàè-

Comments: JLTT 718. The PJ accent is not clear. Cf. also OJ katug- 'to carry on the shoulders' (perhaps < kutug- under the influence of kata 'shoulder', kataga- 'carry on the shoulder').

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *kVdwV ?

Meaning: to rise

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *kŏt`i

Uralic: ? ObU *küδV- 'stand up'

Dravidian: SDr *guḍḍ- 'heap, hill'

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ǝlqŭTv- 'stand' (some compound?)

References: ND 961 *ku[t]HE 'to rise, high place' (+ very sparse Cush.).

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ǝlqŭsv-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): встать

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *Lqut-

Proto-Itelmen: *'ǝlqăru-

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *Lqut-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): встать 1, вскочить 2

Chukchee: (ɫ)qút-

Koryak: (l)qut-

Palan: (l)qut-ǝk, qùtt-i aor. 1, qutǝ-lqot- 2

Alutor: (l)qut-, qutǝ-lhat- 1, malǝ-lqot-* 2

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *'ǝlqăru-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): вставать

Itelmen meaning: встать, вставать

Stebnitsky reference: 89

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVTV

Meaning : to rise

Eurasiatic : *kVdwV to rise

Sino-Caucasian : *q̇wǝ́tV top, crown (of plant)

Austric : PAN *-kat 'lift, raise, rise'

Notes : ST *Kat 'come up, rise' may be < *q̇wǝ́tV or < PAN.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *q̇wǝ́tV

Meaning: top (of a plant)

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *q̇_wǝtV

Burushaski: *qhṓtal

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇_wǝtV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tops of plants, bush

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇:ʷoṭV (~ -a-)

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ɔtu

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇at:a

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇uṭ(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences between PA, PTs and PL are regular (the semantic shift 'bush' > 'woman's hair' is observed in other cases, too). The Darg. form, however, is not quite regular (-t:- may be a result of dissimilation, but the loss of labialisation is not clear).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q̇:ʷoṭV (~ -a-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: woman's long hair

Tindi: q̇:ʷaṭi

Comments: Attested only in Tind., but having probable external parallels.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *q̇ɔtu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tops of plants

Bezhta: q̇atus-haḳ

Comments: The Bezht. compound (with haḳ 'bush') is isolated within Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *q̇at:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bush, shrub

Akusha: q̇ada

Comments: Cf. also Ur. q̇ada id. The root should be distinguished from *ʁʷaṭa q.v.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *q̇uṭ(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: carrot

Tabasaran: q̇uṭ

Agul: q̇ut:

Comment: The Ag. form (also Tp. q̇ut:) is recorded by Shaumyan and thus may be a misspelling for q̇uṭ; if it is not, -t: must be considered a result of dissimilation. There is not enough evidence to establish the obl. stem.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *qhṓtal

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 crown of tree 2 grow to full height

Yasin: -xótal- 2

Hunza: qhṓtal 1

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