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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gilta-
Meaning: 1 white 2 shine
Russian meaning: 1 белый 2 блестеть
Evenki: gilta-li 1
Even: gịltāl- 2
Spoken Manchu: gilǝtǝrǝ- (2043)
Literary Manchu: gilta- 2
Ulcha: gilte 2
Nanai: gilte- 2
Solon: giltarĩ 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 151-152. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *gìlè ( ~ -i, -o)
Meaning: to shine, glitter
Russian meaning: блестеть, сверкать
Comments: KW 136, ОСНЯ 1, 230. In TM cf. also a variant *kilbe- / *kilt- 'glitter' (ТМС 1, 393, 394; hence Yak. kilbej-, kɨlbaj-; but Dolg. gilbej-, gɨlbaj- may be directly < Mong.; see Kaɫ. MEJ 103, Stachowski 86, 87). Since Mong. also has a variant *gilt- (MMong. (MA) qiltai-, WMong. giltagir, giltuji-, Kalm. giltǝgṛ, giltī-, KW ibid.), the TM forms may be borrowed from Mong. (see Doerfer MT 21-22, Rozycki 89). Note that Jpn. *kìrà- may also reflect PA *gari q. v. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *gil(b)a-
Meaning: to glitter, shine
Russian meaning: блестеть
Written Mongolian: gila-, gilba- (L 382), giluŋ, gilüŋ 'shining' (L 383) Middle Mongolian: gilibeligan 'lightning' (HY 2) Khalkha: ǵala-, ǵalba-, gilbegne-
Buriat: jalaj-
Kalmuck: gilɛ̄n, gilǝg, gilgṛ 'light, glittering', gilī-, gilwǝ- 'glitter'
Ordos: gilba-
Dagur: gialbagalǯi- (MGCD 294), gialebeleǯi- (MD 151) Monguor: ʒ́ilōn 'luisant, lisse, uni, glabre' (SM 87) Comments: KW 136. Mong. gileji- > Oyr. kiläi-; Mong. gilba-lǯa- > Man. gilmarǯa-, see Rozycki 89. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kìrà-
Meaning: shining, glittering
Russian meaning: блестящий, сверкать
Old Japanese: k(j)ira-k(j)ira-si 'beautiful'
Middle Japanese: kìrà-kìrà-
Tokyo: kíra-kira, kira-mék-
Kyoto: kírà-kìrà, kírá-mék-
Kagoshima: kira-kíra, kira-mék-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gi[ɫ]ħu
Meaning: glittering
Indo-European: *g'hel- , *ghel-
Uralic: BF *kīl- 'glitter'
References: МССНЯ 330, 335, ОСНЯ 1, 229-230; ND 624 *gil̄[h]u 'shine, glitter'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kiḷ-
Meaning : rust, verdigris
Proto-South Dravidian: *kiL- Notes : The Central Dravidian forms, especially the PGn one, are dubious: lack of retroflex articulation in Kuwi speaks in favour of the forms being borrowed from SDR.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kiL-
Meaning : rust, verdigris
Tamil : cilumpu, ceḷimpu
Tamil meaning : verdigris
Tamil derivates : kaḷimpu id., rust, blemish
Malayalam : kiḷarkka
Malayalam meaning : to be corroded
Malayalam derivates : kiḷarppu, kiḷāvu, kaḷimpu verdigris; kiḷāccal corrosion
Kannada : kilubu
Kannada meaning : to get corroded, be covered with verdigris
Kannada derivates : kilubu, kilabu, kilibu, kilumbu, kiluvu verdigris, rust
Tulu : kilimbu, kilubu, kilbu, kilụbu, kilụmbu, kilumu, kilembi, kilembu
Tulu meaning : rust, verdigris, corrosion
Tulu derivates : kaṇeŋgụ, kaleŋgụ (B-K.) rust, verdigris
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) kelbu green rust on copper
Number in DED : 1586
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kil-
Meaning : verdigris
Kota : kilm(b)
Number in DED : 1586
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *cil-
Meaning : verdigris
Telugu : cilumu
Dialectal forms (1) : kilumu
Number in DED : 1586
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kiLŋ-
Meaning : verdigris
Salur Gadba : kiluŋu
Number in DED : 1586
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kil-
Meaning : rust
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : kiliŋ
Meaning: offensive smell; corrosion
Number in DED : 1586
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kil-
Meaning : rust
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kilmū
Number in DED : 0
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV ??
Meaning : glittering
Amerind (misc.) : *kuli 'green; blue, yellow' (R 336) [+ A K] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *kalap-
Meaning: be red
Notes: Scarce data. Doubtful
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-cch,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1145
Proto-Semitic: *kalap-
Meaning: 'red, brown'
Arabic: kal(a)f-
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kVpal-
Meaning: 'red'
Bachama: kpálaa
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-bch,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳV́lʡV
Meaning: white
Comments and references : HGC 23, WFR 24. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳVlʡV ( ~ ḳ_w- -ɫ-,-ʕ-)
Meaning: white
Notes: Essentially a Nakh-Lak. isogloss, because the isolated Udi parallel is not very reliable.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ḳVj-
Meaning: white
Chechen: ḳajn
Ingush: ḳaj
Batsbi: ḳujĩ
Comments: Vocalism not clear (old Ablaut?) The pure stem is represented in Chech. ḳaj "wall-eye", Bacb. ḳuj-dar/ḳuv-dar "to whiten".
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ḳaIla-
Meaning: white
Lak form: ḳaIla-s:a
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ḳVlV- ?
Meaning: wall-eye
Udi: k:o-nak
Comment: The first syllable of the Udi word may represent the archaic root for "white" (cf. PN *ḳVj "white; wall-eye"). Very uncertain because of difficulties in morphological analysis and the isolation of the Udi form.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kār ( ~ kh-, g-)
Meaning: white
Tibetan: gar, dkar, bkar white, whitish, grey.
Burmese: ? ćaŋ-kraj clean, pure (Luce).
Comments: ? PG *tar. Sh. 125; Luce 19; Peiros-Starostin 211.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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