Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Tungus etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *šāk-
Meaning: 1 white 2 wall-eye
Russian meaning: 1 белый 2 бельмо
Literary Manchu: šaχun 1, 2
Ulcha: čāgǯa(n) 1, čaqị 2
Orok: tagda(n)
Nanai: čāGǯã 1, čāqị 2
Udighe: cagʒa 1 (Корм. 309) Solon: čiɣá 1
Comments: See ТМС 2, 380-382 (several different roots are united there, among which, e.g., Man. čaɣan is obviously < Mong., but other forms are genuine - despite Doerfer MT 116). Note that Manchu šaχun as well as Nan. čāGǯã, Ul. čāgǯa(n) and Orok tagda(n) may also reflect suffixed forms of *šā(ŋ)- 'white' (v. sub *šā̀ŋu). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *šā̀k`a
Meaning: white
Russian meaning: белый
Comments: Владимирцов 248, Цинциус 1984, 12-13, АПиПЯЯ 293. A Western isogloss. The Mong. variants *čaji- / *čeji- reflect most probably a merger with the root *šā̀ŋu 'clear, light' q. v. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Turkic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *čakɨr
Meaning: light grey, greyish blue
Russian meaning: светло-серый, серовато-голубой
Karakhanid: čaqɨr (MK, Tefs.) (of eyes) Turkish: čakɨr
Tatar: čaɣɨr (of eyes)
Uzbek: čaɣir-qanɔt 'a white-eyed dunbird, нырок белоглазый'
Uighur: čeqir (of eyes)
Turkmen: čaqɨr 'dried in the sun, bleached'
Halaj: čaqɨr 'yellow'
Kirghiz: čekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye'
Kazakh: šaɣɨr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', šegir 'grey (of eyes)'
Noghai: šaɣɨr 'colourless (of eyes)'
Bashkir: šaɣɨr 'whitish'
Balkar: čaɣɨr 'variegated'
Gagauz: čaqɨr
Karakalpak: šegir (of eyes)
Comments: VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Федотов 2 387. Despite Fedotov čokur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. čobkur (v. sub *šop`é). Despite Räsänen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. čakɨr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. čakɨr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. čekir, Kaz. šegir, KKalp. šegir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. čakir / čekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. čaŋqɨr, Chuv. senker, Yak. čeŋgir, ǯeŋgir, Kirgh. čenkil, čaŋɨl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tseṃ 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zangār 'verdigris', whence Tat. zäŋgär (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *zā'to leave, remain', Sak. ysāyä 'rust', Osset. zgä, see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC 青 chieŋ 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *čagaɣan
Meaning: 1 white 2 to become white
Russian meaning: 1 белый 2 белеть
Written Mongolian: čaɣan 1 (L 158), čaji- 2 (L 160) Middle Mongolian: čaxan (HY 41), čaqan, čaqa'an (SH) 1, čaiji- (SH) 2, čaɣan (IM) 1, čaɣan, čiɣan (MA) 1 Khalkha: cagān 1, caj- 2
Buriat: sagān 1, saj- 2
Kalmuck: caɣān 1, cǟ- 2
Ordos: čagān 1, čǟ- 2
Dongxian: čǝGan 1
Baoan: čixaŋ 1
Shary-Yoghur: čaɣān 1; čei- 2
Monguor: ćiGān (SM 447) 1, ćī- (SM 441), ćē- (SM 447), ćai- (Minghe) 2 Mogol: čaɣōn; ZM čaɣɔ̄ (13-7), KT čaɣɔ̄n (18-4a) Comments: KW 419, 425, MGCD 557, 560, TMN 1, 177. Cf. *čege-ɣen 'light, white' (KW 426). Mong. > Man. čagan 'white, white paper, books' (see Rozycki 42). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *swVḳV ( ~ c`w-, č`w-)
Meaning: white, clean
References: Suggested by V. Glumov.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *sog-
Meaning : beauty
Proto-South Dravidian: *sog- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
Search within this database
South Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *sog-
Meaning : beauty, elegance
Tamil : cokucu
Tamil meaning : refinement, neatness, luxury, fineness as of work, superior quality
Tamil derivates : cokkam, cokku purity, excellence, beauty; cokkan_ handsome person
Malayalam : cokkam
Malayalam meaning : beauty
Malayalam derivates : coŋku beauty, elegance
Kannada : sogayisu, sogasu
Kannada meaning : to shine, be or look beautiful or handsome, appear to advantage, be pleasant or agreeable, appear
Kannada derivates : sogasa, sogasu shine, beauty, charm, excellence, agreeableness, happiness, pleasure, delight; cokka, cokkaṭa, cokkaḷa niceness, elegance, beauty, charm; purity, cleanness; cokkaṭu comeliness, beauty, purity; cokkaḷatana state of being nice, etc.; cokkaḷike elegance, beauty, etc.
Tulu : sogapuni, sogasuni
Tulu meaning : to be tasteful, agreeable, pleasant; praise, recommend
Tulu derivates : sogasụ relish, savouriness, agreeableness, fastidiousness, praise; savoury, fastidious, commendable; cokka pure, genuine, neat; cokkaṭa neat, choise, agreeable
Number in DED : 2829
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-dednum,
Search within this database
Telugu etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *sog-
Meaning : beauty, handsomeness, elegance, grace, prettiness, niceness, attractiveness
Telugu : sogasu
Additional forms : Also sogiyincu to be happy, enjoy; sogiyu to be agreeable or pleasant; [1] cokkamu, [2] cokkaṭamu beautiful, lovely, fine, clear, pure, bright
Number in DED : 2829
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVKV
Meaning : white
Afroasiatic : *CVḳ-
Amerind (misc.) : *sikʷa 'blue, green' (?) (R 75) [+ A K]; ? *c̣iḳʷa 'wash' (R 819) [+ A K] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,
Search within this database
Afroasiatic etymology :
Search within this database
etymology.cgi needs just one record for every base, 0 found
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[št]ákwV
Meaning: white
Comments and references : -DCE 31.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *ć_akwV-
Meaning: white, yellow
Notes: An And-Lezg. isogloss. As usual, in a root with two stops there occurred assimilations: in PA *ć_akwV- > *č:akʷV- > *č:ak:ʷV-; in PL *ć_akwV- > *č_akʷV- > *č:ak:ʷV-.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *č:ak:u-
Meaning: yellow
Andian language: cak:u
Botlikh: č:ak:u
Godoberi: č:ak:u
Comments: Rather strange is c- in And. (Лексика 103 has the notation čak:u).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-btl,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *č:ak:ʷarV-
Meaning: white
Agul: žagʷar-f
Rutul: ǯagʷar-dɨ
Tsakhur: ǯagʷara-n
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,
Search within this database
Yenisseian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *täk-
Meaning: white
Ket: taɣam5
Yug: tig-bɛ:hs4; tigej6 "to be white"
Kottish: thēgam, thēkam "white"; (Бол.) tekam "is white"; Ass. tegama (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.), tiekama (Кл.).
Arin: tāma (М., Кл.) "white"; t́āma (Сл., Срсл.) id.; (Лоск.) tama "is white", tamo "whitely"
Pumpokol: tam-xo (Сл., Срсл., Кл.,)
Comments: ССЕ 282. Yug -i- is quite irregular - most probably, under the secondary influence of tik 'snow' (tig-bɛ:hs - lit. 'like snow'), which - despite Werner 249 - cannot be related to the present root. Let us also note that Werner himself reconstructs 'white' as <*theg(am)>, but 'snow' as <*thik> (2, 269).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
Search within this database
Burushaski etymology :
Search within this database
Common Burushaski: *ṣikárk
Meaning: yellow
Yasin: iṣkárk
Hunza: ṣikárk
Nagar: ṣikárk
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 660670 | 3252764 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|