Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kas-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to reproach 2 to look down on

Russian meaning: 1 упрекать 2 пренебрежительно глядеть

Even: qas- 1

Literary Manchu: qasana- 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 382.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *kasa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to prohibit, be in one's way

Russian meaning: мешать, противостоять

Mongolian: *kasi-

Tungus-Manchu: *kas-

Korean: *kǝ̀sɨ́r-

Japanese: *kasi-m-

Comments: Cf. *késa, *gi̯aso.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kasi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to have a bitter experience, become frustrated

Russian meaning: не удаваться, разочаровываться

Written Mongolian: qasira- (L 942)

Khalkha: xašir, xašra-

Buriat: xašar 'хлопоты, беспокойство'; хašar- 'испытывать отвращение'

Ordos: Gašara-

Shary-Yoghur: Gašar-

Comments: MGCD 334.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kǝ̀sɨ́r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to oppose, defy

Russian meaning: противостоять, пренебрегать

Modern Korean: kǝsɨrɨ-

Middle Korean: kǝ̀sɨ́r-

Comments: Liu 42, KED 85.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kasi-m-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: annoying, noisy

Russian meaning: надоедливый, шумный

Old Japanese: kasi-ma-si

Middle Japanese: kasi-ma-si, kasi-ga-ma-si

Tokyo: kashimashi-

Comments: JLTT 831.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *kVCV

Meaning: to be angry, hostile

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ki̯ūč`ú (or *kasa, *kesa)

Uralic: *kućV 'call'? Sam. *kɔtъ 'scold'? FP *kačV 'accuse'

Kartvelian: Georg. ḳicχ- 'scold, blame, revile'

Dravidian: *kac-

References: ND 955 *käʡŝV 'vexation, anger, quarrel' (Drav. + Alt. *kesa + Sem.); 1246 *ḳaʒ(V)χV ( ~ *-ǯ-) 'to scold' (same Drav. + Georg. + Sam. + Arab.).

Uralic etymology :

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kac-

Meaning : angry, hostile

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kac-

Proto-Telugu : *kajj-/*kas-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kajar

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kāc-

Proto-North Dravidian : *kac-

Notes : Unclear vowel length in PK. The root is highly unstable in many groups, probably due to contamination with *kas- 'bitter'. Especially dubious are the Kolami-Gadba forms, which may all be borrowings from South-Dravidian. Irregular *k- in PNDR, but since the root is expressive (reduplicated), the irregularity is not very significant.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kac-

Meaning : to quarrel; angry

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kasaru

Tamil meaning : (Tinn.) to bargain bitterly

Malayalam : kayakka

Malayalam meaning : to quarrel, abuse

Malayalam derivates : kayaccal, kayampam contention; kayarkka to start up in anger, quarrel, reprove, punish; kayarppu reviling, quarrelling, wrath

Kannada : kasaru

Kannada meaning : ill-humour

Kannada derivates : (??) kēṇa, kīṇa envy, grudge; anger, passion; gajar_(u) to produce a loud sound, scold; n. a loud, angry sound or speech

Tulu : kaccāḍuni

Tulu meaning : to quarrel

Tulu derivates : kaccāṭa quarrelling

Proto-Nilgiri : *kaj₁ (*-s)

Number in DED : 1089

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *kaj₁ (*-s)

Meaning : party in a quarrel

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : kac

Additional forms : Also Kota gaj-vāyṇ man who talks nonsensically (vāy mouth)

Number in DED : 1089

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *kajj-/*kas-

Meaning : quarrel, dispute, fight, battle

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kayyamu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kasugu "to mutter in vexation (rhyme-word with visugu)"

Additional forms : Also kasaru to scold, rebuke; n. anger, a scolding; kasi anger, spite, malice, grudge; [1] kacce, [2] kacciya a quarrel; kisaru anger; [1] gayāḷi, [2] gayyāḷi a shrew, termagant; [1] gayāḷincu, [2] gayyāḷincu to behave as a termagant

Number in DED : 1089

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kajar

Meaning : fear, anger

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : kayri "an enemy, talebearer"

Kondekor Gadba : kayar "anger, sorrow"

Number in DED : 1089

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kāc-

Meaning : hostile

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kāc-

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kāc-

Meaning : hostile

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kāse "hostility, enmity, blood feud"

Kuwi (Schulze) : kaskinai "to incense"

Additional forms : Also Kui kāsenju a male enemy; fem. kāsali

Notes : The short vowel in Kuwi_S can be explained a) as a misspelling; b) by tracing the word back to *kask-pinai; c) by suggesting it is borrowed from SDR.

Number in DED : 1089

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *kac-

Meaning : to be vexed, get annoyed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : kackacrnā

Additional forms : Also KUR kackac annoyance, vexation

Number in DED : 1089

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVCV

Meaning : to be angry

Eurasiatic : *kVCV

Afroasiatic : *kiHVc-

Amerind (misc.) : *q̇ac 'bad' ? (R 37) [+ A K]

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *kiHVc-

Meaning: be angry

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *kVʕVs- 'be ill-tempered'

Egyptian: khs 'anger' (18)

Western Chadic: *kuHac-

East Chadic: *kVs- 'blame, abuse'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 929

Proto-Semitic: *kVʕVs-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'be ill-tempered'

Hebrew: kʕs

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: khs

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'anger' (18)

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *kuHac-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'reproach angrily' 1, 'insult, abuse' 2, 'hate' 3, 'refuse' 4

Hausa: kùùc̣aa 1

Angas: kass 2 [Fl]

Tangale: kude 2 [JgT]

Kifri=Giwo: kuḍ̆- 2, 4 [St]

Pa'a: kačì 2 [MS]

Siri: kac- 2 [SkNb]

Notes: Palatalization in Paa before -i-

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *kVs-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'blame, abuse'

Sokoro: kéši kéši [Lk]

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