Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mia(l)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to glitter (of eyes) 2 to blind (eyes) 3 glittering, bright 4 blinded, blind

Russian meaning: 1 сверкать (о глазах) 2 слепить (глаза) 3 яркий, ослепительный 4 ослепленный, слепой

Evenki: millūn- (Вас. 252) 1, mē̂lkēsē 4

Nanai: mịarị 3

Oroch: mia-n- 2

Udighe: mili- 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 534, 535.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ali(-k`V)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bright, to shine

Russian meaning: светлый, светить

Turkic: *bAlk-

Mongolian: *mel-

Tungus-Manchu: *mia(l)-

Korean: *mằrk-

Comments: SKE 139.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bAlk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to shine, glitter

Russian meaning: сверкать, сиять

Turkish: balk- (dial.)

Tatar: balqɨ-

Middle Turkic: (MKypch., Xwar.) balqɨ-(CCum., AH, Qutb)

Turkmen: balqɨlda-

Oyrat: malqɨl, malʁɨl 'bright, shining'

Kazakh: balqɨ-

Bashkir: balqɨ-

Karaim: balqɨ-

Karakalpak: balqɨ-

Kumyk: balqɨ-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 56-57.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *mel-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bright, polished, shiny

Russian meaning: светлый, блестящий, блестеть

Written Mongolian: meli-ji-, (L 534) melmeji-

Khalkha: melij-

Buriat: melmen, melgen, meliger, melij-

Ordos: melmeŋ, melmeger

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *mằrk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: clear, transparent

Russian meaning: ясный, прозрачный

Modern Korean: mak- [malk-]

Middle Korean: mằrk-

Comments: Nam 203, KED 587.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVlV

Meaning: light, shine

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *malǝk- / -e- (-kh-)

Altaic: *mi̯al(k`)i

Uralic: *mälV

Dravidian: *mel-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *miɫɣǝ fire

References: ND 1520 *meʒ̂V 'sun, light, to shine' (with incorr. Kartv. and SH).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *malǝk- (-kh-)

Meaning: firewood, bonfire

Armenian: meɫex 'Holz'

Baltic: *mal̂k-ā̂ (1/2) f., *mal̂k-n-ā̂ (1) f.

Celtic: Ir molc 'Feuer'

Russ. meaning: дрова, костер

References: WP II 308

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *mal̂k-ā̂ (1/2) f., *mal̂k-n-ā̂ (1) f.

Meaning: heap, pile (of logs)

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: málka `Haufen aufeinander geschichteter Dinge, Stoss, besonders Holzstoss', pl. málkōs `(Brenn)holz', málkna `Tannenborke, Tannenrinde'

Lettish: mal̂ka `Brennholz'

Old Prussian: malko [überl. nalko] `Holz' Grunau 43

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1824

Proto: *mälV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: warm

German meaning: warm; warm werden

Khanty (Ostyak): meḷǝk (V), mȧ̆ḷǝŋk (Trj.), melǝk (Kam. O) 'warm'

Mansi (Vogul): mǟli (T) 'warm', mǟlī^.t (TJ), mɔ̄̈ltǝp (KU), maĺtǝp (P), māltip (So.) 'Tauwetter'

Hungarian: meleg 'warm'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *mel-

Meaning : to lighten

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mel-k-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mel-

Notes : Local root.

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *mel-k-

Meaning : to lighten

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : melk-

Poya Gadba : mel- "(lightning) to flash"

Additional forms : Also Parji (S) malk- (light) to flash

Number in DED : 5079

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mel-

Meaning : to lighten

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *mäl-k- (*-a-)

Notes : External parallels (with e) show the Pengo form is original.

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *mäl-k- (*-a-)

Meaning : to lighten

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : malkā-

Number in DED : 5079

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *miɫɣǝ

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): огонь

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *miɫɣǝ-n "

Proto-Itelmen: *ximɫx

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *miɫɣǝ-n "

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): огонь 1, огниво 2, молния 3, добывать огонь 4, костер 5, жгучий 6

Chukchee: mílɣǝ-mil ", milɣǝ-, (micɣǝ- ?) 2, milɣ-ɛ́t- 4

Koryak: miɫɣǝ-n 1, meĺɣ-etɣǝ-n 3

Palan: miĺɣǝ-n, milɣǝ-n 1, melkkǝ-ŋ dat. 5, mcka- (II) 6

Alutor: milɣǝ-n 1, 5, miĺɣǝ-p 5

Comments: В слове 'костер' -ǝp значит 'нечто торчащее' (см. 312).

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *xi-mɫx, *ɫxi-mɫx, *('i)mǝɫɣǝ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): огонь

Itelmen: ximɫx

Itelmen meaning: огонь

West Itelmen: ximĺx/ɣ, ximxĺ, ximčl, čxɨmxl 1, ximxĺuž-žin, ximčluž-žin 2, 'imǝĺɣǝ-zin, 'imiĺ'it-sin 3, k-imiĺɣ/x-in comm. 4

West Itelmen meaning: ignis 1, fulmen 2, fulgor 3, vulpes sp. 4

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ogień 1, pożar 2, bɫyskawica 3, gat. lisa, ogniówka 4

South Itelmen: mixčiz ['umǝčkiši*] 1, miči-la-sk 2

South Itelmen meaning (Latin): fulmen 1, ignem conflictu lapidum excutere 2

South Itelmen meaning (Polish): bɫyskawica 1, krzesać ogień 2

Number in Volodin 1976: 33

Comments: Формы типа ximčl в зап. камч. у Дыбовского могут быть неправильным прочтением ximɣ_l с ошибочным отождествлением рус. рукописного "г" = [ɣ] как "ч" = [č].

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : MVLV

Meaning : shine, burn

Eurasiatic : *mVlV

Sino-Caucasian : ST *mējH 'fire', ?Nakh. *mɦal- 'warm' (if separated from Darg. and Tab. forms)

Austric : ? PAN *D₂amaR torch, ZhT *hmai burn

Amerind (misc.) : *moɫok 'burn' (R 102) [+ A]

African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-mùdì 'torch'.

Reference : Sag. 56 (Chin. -AN).

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *maʔr

Meaning: to burn, torch

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austronesian: *D₂amaR

Austronesian meaning: torch (not in B)

Proto-Thai: ZhT *hmai^C

Thai meaning: burn, be burnt

References: Ben 244 (doubted in Peiros 1998, 85)

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