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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)ile ( ~ -ü-)
Meaning: person
Russian meaning: человек
Evenki: ile
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯uĺe
Meaning: person
Russian meaning: человек
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 283. A Western isogloss. The comparison is quite acceptable, but its reliability is weakened by the isolated nature of the Evenki form within TM. Cf., however, the ethnonym *kile 'Evenki' (ТМС 1, 393) (possibly borrowed in Evk. from a form like *xile or *xüle) and Evn. kịlča 'Yakut'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *kiĺi
Meaning: person, people
Russian meaning: человек, люди
Old Turkic: kiši (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: kiši (MK, KB) Turkish: kiši
Tatar: keše
Uzbek: kiši
Uighur: kiši
Sary-Yughur: kisi
Azerbaidzhan: kiši
Turkmen: kiši
Khakassian: kǝzǝ
Shor: kiži
Oyrat: kiži
Yakut: kihi
Dolgan: kihi
Tuva: kiži
Tofalar: kiši
Kirghiz: kiši
Kazakh: kisi
Noghai: kisi
Bashkir: keše
Balkar: kiši
Gagauz: kiši
Karaim: kiši
Karakalpak: kisi
Salar: kiši
Kumyk: kiši
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kulunča
Meaning: ancestor
Russian meaning: предок
Written Mongolian: qulunča (L 985) Khalkha: xulanc
Buriat: xulinsag, gulinsag - 'потомки в пятом колене'
Ordos: xulumči, xuluŋči 'trisaïeul paternel'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳUĺV
Meaning: person
References: МССНЯ 361. ND *Ḳul̄[ä] 'clan, village' (IE + various differ.). [Cf. Sem. *ḳull-]. nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(s)kʷel-
Meaning: crowd, people
Hittite: kule- n. 'Bezeichnung einer bedeutungsmäßig nicht genau faßbaren staatsrechtlichen Institution; Handwerker, Kleinbürger?' (Tischler 623-624)
Old Indian: kúla- n. `herd, troop, flock, assemblage, race, family'
Old Greek: télos n. `Heeresabteilung, Truppe, militärischer Verband, Geschwader von Schiffen'
Russ. meaning: толпа, люди
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: че́лядь
Near etymology: ж., род. п. -и, челяди́нец, укр. че́лядь, челяди́н "слуга", челяди́на "служанка, девушка", блр. челядзíн "слуга", др.-русск. челядь, челядинъ, ст.-слав. челдь θεραπεία (Мар.), болг. че́ляд ж. "семья", сербохорв. че̏ља̑д ж. "челядь, домочадцы, люди", чеш. čеlеd ж. "семья, челядь", совр. "прислуга", слвц. čеl᾽аd᾽ ж. "челядь", польск. czeladź "челядь, слуги", в.-луж. čeledź, н.-луж. сеlаź "челядь".
Further etymology: Праслав. *čеl᾽аdь родственно др.-инд. kúlam "стадо, рой, род", ирл. cland, сlаn "потомство, род, клан", лит. kiltìs "род", греч. τέλος "толпа"; см. Фик I, 26; ВВ 8, 331; 16, 282; Мейе, Ét. 323; ВSL 27, 55; МSL 8, 237; 14, 375; Бецценбергер, ВВ 16, 245; Бернекер I, 141 и сл.; Сольмсен, Beitr. 18; М.--Э. I, 368; Э. -- Х. I, 263; Петерссон, Filol. Fören. Lund 4, 120 и сл. Далее пытаются установить родство с коле́но, лит. kẽlys "колено", лтш. сеlis -- то же. [Невероятно Махек (ZfS, I, 1956, стр. 39 и сл.). -- Т.] чем. Из др.-русск., ст.-слав. чимь, тв. п. ед. ч. от чьто, под влиянием цѣмь, тв. п. ед. ч. от къто. Впервые др.-русск. чѣм в Дух. грам. Дмитр. Донск. (ум. в 1389 г.); см. Соболевский, Лекции 187 и сл.; Дурново, Очерк 293. Праслав. тв. п. *čimь заменил более древнее *či под воздействием окончания тв. падежа -mь других типов склонения; *či соответствует лат. quī "чем", англос., др.-исл. hví "как, для чего, почему"; см. И. Шмидт, KZ 27, 288, 291; 32, 403; Pluralb. 43.
Pages: 4,330
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *skulō
Meaning: crowd
Old English: scolu (scolu), -e f. `band or troop of people, shoal, school (of fishes)'
English: shoul
Old Saxon: skola
Middle Dutch: scole `menigte, troep; zwerm van dieren'
Dutch: school f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1091
Root: kʷel-3
English meaning: herd, crowd
German meaning: `Schwarm, Schar, Sippe'?
Material: Ai. kúla-m n. `Herde, Menge; Geschlecht'; kr̥ṣṭí- f. `Leute, Menschen'; gr. τέλος n. `Schar';
aksl. čeljadь f. `Gesinde', Kollektiv zu dem in čelověkъ `Mensch' vorliegenden čelo-.
References: WP. I 517, Berneker 141 f., Meillet BSL. 22, 18 f., Kuiper Proto-Munda 55.
Pages: 640
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kēḷ-
Meaning : to be friends with, ramify, multiply (as families)
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kēḷ-
Meaning : friend(ship)
Tamil : kēḷ
Tamil meaning : kindred, friendship, friend
Tamil derivates : kēḷvan_, kēḷan_ friend; kēḷir friends, relations; kēṇmai friendship, intimacy, kindness, relationship; kiḷai (-pp-, -tt-) to ramify, multiply (as families); n. kindred, relations, group, herd, flock, family
Kannada : keḷe
Kannada meaning : to draw or attract towards oneself
Kannada derivates : keḷe, geḷe, geṇe, geṇi union, companionship, friendship, companion, friend; keḷeya, geḷeya, geḷiya, geṇiya, geṇeya male friend; fem. keḷadi, geḷati, geḷate, geṇati; keḷetana, geḷetana, geṇitana, geṇetana friendship; kēḷa companion
Tulu : geṇe
Tulu meaning : coupling
Tulu derivates : geṇegāre an associate
Notes : Unclear voicened variants in Kan. and Tulu.
Number in DED : 2018
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *keḷä
Meaning : economic partnership
Kota : keḷ "economic partnership between Kota and Toda"
Toda : keɫ̣ "economic partnership between members of various Nilgiri communities"
Number in DED : 2018
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *hojla-
Meaning (Rus.): парень, мужчина
Comments: Ср. *'ъqlaɣʷol 'муж' (272).
kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,kamet-comments,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ʁoʒla
Meaning (Rus.): мужчина 1, парень 2, возмужать 3
Koryak: hoĺa 1, (h)olǝ-lhat-* 3
Palan: hoĺa, oĺa 2
Alutor: huĺa 1
Comments: Ср. чук. oc-oc (ocót-te pl.) 'хозяин, предводитель', oc-a instr. 'во власти' (Богораз 108).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *qola ~ *hola
Meaning (Rus.): парень, юноша
Itelmen: hoĺa
Itelmen meaning: парень, молодой человек
West Itelmen: koĺĺoɣ, koloɣ
West Itelmen meaning: famulus ancilla
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): sɫuga
Number in Volodin 1976: 30
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,
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