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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ŋalma-
Meaning: mosquito
Russian meaning: комар
Evenki: ŋanmakta
Negidal: ŋanmakta
Spoken Manchu: Galǝmǝn (2259)
Literary Manchu: Galman
Ulcha: Galmaqta, Garmaqta
Orok: nalmaqta, ŋalmaqta
Nanai: Garmaqta
Oroch: gamakta
Udighe: ŋamakta
Solon: namakta
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ŋalma
Meaning: a biting insect
Russian meaning: кусающее насекомое
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 81. A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *àmû
Meaning: gad-fly
Russian meaning: овод, слепень
Old Japanese: amu
Middle Japanese: àbú
Tokyo: ábu
Kyoto: àbû
Kagoshima: abú
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ŋalmV
Meaning: bug, flea
References: ND 1640 *ŋVĺV[h]VmP[i] 'gnat, mosquito' (+ Sem.); part. also in 1600 *ńVĺ/ḷV 'insect'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 600
Proto: *nemV
English meaning: midge
German meaning: Mücke
Saam (Lapp): namek (S) 'minima species culicum' ?
Udmurt (Votyak): ni̮mi̮ (S) 'Mücke'
Komi (Zyrian): nom (S P SO), num (PO) 'Mücke'
Nenets (Yurak): ńīperū (O), ńimeĹu (P) 'nach den Stechmücken auftretendes kleines Insekt, Thrips ("мошка")' ?
Selkup: njimarǟ (Ta. B), njeuré (Ke.) 'мошка; eine kleine Mückenart (Thrips)', ńǖrä (Ty.) id.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-nen,uralet-slk,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *naḶ-
Meaning : bug
Notes : The inlaut consonant is not just regular *-ḷ-, as evidenced by the complicated reflexations in CDR. Cluster?
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *naḷ-
Meaning : flea
Tulu : naḷḷu, nallu
Tulu meaning : a kind of flea which infests poultry, cats, etc.
Number in DED : 3621
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *nall-
Meaning : bedbug
Telugu : nalli
Number in DED : 3621
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Nanḍ-k-
Meaning : bug
Salur Gadba : naṇke
Poya Gadba : nanḍke
Kondekor Gadba : naṇke
Number in DED : 3621
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-salur,kogaet-poya,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *naḷ1
Meaning : bug
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *naṛ
Meaning : bug
Betul Gondi : naṛ
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : nar
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : nar
Muria Gondi : naṛ
Maria Gondi : naṛ(i)
Maria Gondi (Smith) : narè
Durg Gondi : naṛ
Number in DED : 3621
Number in CVOTGD : 1941
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_lu_s,gonet-gondi_d,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : nalu (pl. nalku)
Meaning: bug
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : naṛ
Additional forms : Also Konda (N and W) naṛu (pl. naṛku) bug
Number in DED : 3621
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *naṇk- (*-ṛk-)
Meaning : bug
Pengo : naṇka, naṛka
Number in DED : 3621
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *naṭk-a
Meaning : bug
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : nukta (i.e. nakṭa)
Kuwi (Schulze) : naṭka
Sunkarametta Kuwi : nakṭa
Dongriya Kuwi : naṭ'a
Kuwi (Israel) : nakṭa
Notes : The metathese is *-ṭk- > -kṭ- (cf. PNDR *naṛgā id.); the mark "i.e. nakṭa" in Kuwi_F belongs to B&E - they are probably right, although I don't know why.
Number in DED : 3621
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_d,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *naṛg-ā
Meaning : bug
Kurukh : naṛgā
Malto : naṛge
Number in DED : 3621
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVLMV
Meaning : worm, insect
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *n/lVm(lVm)-
Meaning: ant
Notes: Cf. HSED 1693: Arb. nimm-at-; C.Ch. Cf. Dolg AAN 22: Sem; WCh. ŋgum (hardly related), ECh.: Jegu.
afaset-meaning,afaset-sem,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 2481
Proto-Semitic: *namal-
Meaning: ant
Akkadian: namalu (namlu) 'ant' OB, EA [CAD n1 208], [AHw. 725]. Regarded as a WS loan in [CAD] which is probably correct since the OB attestations are limited to personal names whereas the relevant Amarna passage is well known to be written almost entirely in Canaanite (EA 252:16: kī namlu tumḫaṣu lā tikabbilu u tanšuku ḳāti amēli ša yimaḫḫašši 'if one strikes an ant, does not it fight and sting the hand of the man who struck it?', on this passage cf. [Albright 31], [Hueh.], [Hess ...]). In [AHw.], on the contrary, n. is not explicitly defined as a WS loan, pos- sibly because of its supposed attestation in the SB physiognomic omen Kraus Texte 22 IV 1 (šumma ṣuprāšu na-ma-li malâ 'if his nails are full of n.' (according to [CAD], a different lexeme is used here which 'probably refers to cracks or spots on the nails').
Hebrew: nǝmālā 'ant' [KB 701], pB. [Ja. 913]. Attested twice in Proverbs: 6.6 (lēk ʔälnǝmālā ʕāṣēl // rǝʔē dǝrākǟhā waḥăkām 'go to the ant, oh lazy, // look at its behaviour and learn') and 30.25 (hannǝmālīm ʕam lō(ʔ)-ʕāz // wayyākīnū baḳḳayiṣ laḥmām 'ants are not a strong people // but [are able to] prepare their food during the summer').
Syrian Aramaic: nǝmālā 'nidus formicarum' [Brock. 431], [PS 2385].
Arabic: nimm-at- 'une fourmi; un pou' [BK 2 1346], naml- 'fourmi' [BK 2 1349], [Fr. IV 339], [LA XI 678-9].
Mehri: nōmīl 'ant (smaller than a ǝwftáyn)' [JM 299].
Jibbali: nīźín 'ant (smaller than a lǝftín)' [JJ 192].
Harsusi: lōmēl 'ant' [JH 84] (with assimilation of resonants).
Soqotri: nímhil 'ant' [Nakano 118].
Notes: Cf. Akk. lamattu 'ant' [CAD l 67], [AHw. 533], known only from Malku V 61 (equated to the normal Akk. term for ant kulbābu, v. [Landsberger Fauna 136]). Both dictionaries regard it as a WS loan which is likely in view of its attestation in Malku; note, however, that no similar term is known from any WS language. Cf. Hbr. pB. ḥănāmal 'beetle, prob. a species of locusts' [Ja 484], with unexplainable ḥă-. Akk. nimmullu 'a fly' SB [CAD n2 234], [AHw. 790] shows a superficial similarity to the present root but is hardly related in view of a transparent Sumerian etymology (NIM 'Fliege' [IK 759], mu-ulMÙL 'Raupe' [IK 691]). [Fron. 297]: *naml-(at-) 'formica' (Mhr., Arb., Syr., Akk.); [KB 701]: Hbr., Arb., Syr., Akk. (namalu, lamattu); [Brock. 431]: Syr., Hbr., Arb.; [Firmage 1155]: Akk., Hbr., Arm., Arb.
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *lim-
Meaning: 'termite' 1, 'k. of insect' 2
Bura: luma 1 [Ann]
Chibak: limà 1
Kapsiki=Higi Kamale: lumà 1
Malgwa: lima1 [Lr]
Munjuk: lumiy 1 [TMnj]
Gude: má-lǝ̀mǝ 2 [Hs]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-bur,cchet-chb,cchet-kap,cchet-zgh,cchet-mnj,cchet-gde,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *lulm- ~ *num-
Meaning: 'ant' 1, 'termite' 2
Jegu: lólmó 1
Sokoro: num-da 2
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-jeg,echet-sok,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *lu-lum-
Meaning: 'larvae of mosquitoes'
Somali: lulumo (pl.)
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-som,
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