Tungus etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *kùdá

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be submerged; to pour out

Russian meaning: погружаться; выливать(ся)

Turkic: *Kud-

Tungus-Manchu: *kodori-

Japanese: *kàntùk-

Comments: Ewk. kudu, kuduk 'saline; spring with salted water; well, spring' is semantically distant from the other forms and very probably borrowed from Mong. (but not from Mong. quǯir, despite Doerfer MT 104, but rather from quduɣ 'well' - itself borrowed from Turkic, see above). One can mention Mong. küdese- 'to swim (of a snake)', but both the vocalism and the meaning seem to be somewhat aberrant.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kud-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to pour out (water) 2 to pour 3 well

Russian meaning: 1 лить 2 сыпать 3 колодец

Old Turkic: qud- 1 (OUigh.), quduɣ 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: quj- 1 (MK), quδuɣ 3 (MK, QB)

Turkish: kuju 3, qujɨ 3 (dial.)

Tatar: qoj- 1, 2, qojɨ 3

Middle Turkic: quj- 1 (Sangl.), qujɨ 3 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: quj- 1

Uighur: quj- 1

Sary-Yughur: quz- 1

Azerbaidzhan: Guju 3

Turkmen: Guj- 1, 2, Gujɨ 3

Khakassian: xus- 1, 2 (dial.)

Shor: quspaq 'большой туес' (?)

Chuvash: xɨv- 1, 2

Yakut: kut- 1, 2

Tuva: qut- 1

Tofalar: qut-/d- 1

Kirghiz: quj- 1, 2

Kazakh: quj- 1, 2, qujɨ 3 (dial.)

Noghai: quj- 1, 2, qujɨ 3

Bashkir: qoj- 1, 2, qojɨ 3 (dial.)

Balkar: quj- 1, 2, quju 3

Gagauz: quju 3

Karaim: quj- 1, quju 3

Karakalpak: quj- 1, 2, qujɨ 3

Kumyk: quj- 1 quju 3

Comments: VEWT 296, EDT 596, 598, ЭСТЯ 2000, 109-111, 119-120, Мудрак Дисс. 102, Федотов 2, 379. The root contained undoubtedly *-d-, but variants with *-j- are attested unusually early. Turk. > MMong. ɣuduh (SH), WMong. quduɣ (whence backwards > Turkm. Guduk, Uygh. quduq, Khak. xutux etc.), see EDT ibid., KW 194, Щербак 1997, 143, TMN 1, 395-396, Stachowski 162.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kàntùk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to dive

Russian meaning: нырять, погружаться

Old Japanese: kaduk-

Middle Japanese: kàdùk-

Tokyo: kazúk-

Kyoto: kázúk-

Comments: JLTT 707.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *kUdV

Meaning: to submerge

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *gʷādh-

Altaic: *kùdá

Dravidian: ? SDr *koṭ- 'to pour out' (cf. also *kùḍ- 'vessel', *kuḍ- 'drink')

References: ND 1016 *Ḳud(V)XV 'to draw water, ladle out' (Alt+Drav+Arab.), 1013 *ḲoHadV 'to dip, plunge, descend' (IE + various dubious).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *gʷādh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to drown

Old Indian: gā́hate `to dive into', ptc. gāḍha-; gādhate 'to stand on firm ground'; gāhá- m. `depth, interior', gādha- `offering firm standing ground, fordable (as river); shallow', gādhá- m.n. `shallow place, ford'; gáhana-, gáhvara- `deep, dense'

Old Greek: bǟ̂ssa f. `Bergmulde, Tal, Schlucht'

Celtic: OIr bāidim `tauche unter, ertränke'; Cymr boddi `mergere, mergi, immergendo suffocare vel suffocari'; OCorn bedhy `ertränken'; Bret beuziff `ertränken'

Russ. meaning: тонуть, погружаться в воду

References: WP I 665

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 702

Root: gʷā̆dh-

English meaning: to sink, submerge

German meaning: `eintauchen, untersinken'

Material: Ai. gā́hatē `taucht, dringt ein', Partiz. gāḍha-ḥ `tief, stark, fest', gāhá-ḥ `Tiefe, das Innere'; mit a: gáhana-, gáhvara- `tief, dicht', n. `Tiefe, Abgrund, Dickicht', dur-gáha-m `böser Ort oder Weg';

das Partiz. gāḍhá- ist wohl Analogiebildung nach Wurzeln mit ai. h = idg. ĝh; gādhá- `seicht', m. n. `Untiefe, Furt' ist vielleicht aus einem ai. Wurzelnomen gā (zu idg. gʷā- `Gang') + dha als `(Über)gang gewährend' zu erklären;

av. Akk. Pl. vi-gāɵō `Schluchten' (: ai. vi-gāhá-) `sich eintauchend', schwundstufig guδa- `Tiefe';

gr. βη̃σσα, dor. βα̃σσα (*βᾱθι̯α) f. `Talgrund, Schlucht'; βάσσος n. ds. (*βαθσος), schwundstufig βυθός, βυσσός `Tiefe, Meeresgrund' mit β statt γ nach βη̃σσα; ἄβυσσος `wo sich nicht tauchen läßt, grundlos, Tiefe', βάθος n. `Tiefe'; βένθος `Tiefe' sekundär nach πένθος : πάθος;

air. bā(i)dim `tauche unter, ertränke', cymr. boddi `ertränken, ertrinken, überfluten', corn.bedhy, mbret. beuziff `ertränken'; cymr. diffoddi `auslöschen' aus *di-spad- (*dī-eks-bad-).

References: WP. I 665, Schwyzer Rhein. Mus. 81, 193 ff.

Pages: 465

PIE database: PIE database