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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pirugē-
Meaning: to pray
Russian meaning: молиться, заклинать
Evenki: hiruɣē-
Even: hirge-
Negidal: xīɣē-
Literary Manchu: firu-
Solon: irugē-
Comments: ТМС 2, 327-328. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`ĭru
Meaning: to pray, bless
Russian meaning: молиться, благословлять
Comments: EAS 53, 150, Владимирцов 181-182, Poppe 12, 60, ОСНЯ 3, 119-124, Цинциус 1984, 39, Дыбо 14. Despite Poppe 1966, 197, 1972, 100, Doerfer MT 23, TM is hardly < Mong. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ɨr-
Meaning: 1 prediction, luck 2 omen 3 premonition
Russian meaning: 1 предсказание, счастье 2 знамение 3 предчувствие
Old Turkic: ɨrk 1 (OUygh.)
Turkish: ɨrk 1
Sary-Yughur: ɨrq 1
Khakassian: ɨrɨx 1, ɨrɨs 1
Shor: ɨrɨs 1
Oyrat: ɨrɨs 1
Chuvash: ǝrex 'soul; expedience'
Yakut: ɨrā 3
Kirghiz: ɨrk 'welfare', ɨrɨs 1
Kazakh: ɨrɨq 1
Noghai: ɨrk 3, ɨrɨs 1
Bashkir: ɨrɨχ 1 (dial.)
Balkar: ɨrɨs 1
Karaim: ɨrɨz 'dignity'
Karakalpak: ɨrɨs 1
Kumyk: ɨrɨs 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-sjg,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *hirüɣe-
Meaning: 1 to bless 2 benediction
Russian meaning: 1 благословлять, молиться 2 благословение
Written Mongolian: irüge- 1, irügel 2 (L 415) Middle Mongolian: xiru'e- (SH) 1, hirē- (MA 185) 1 Khalkha: jörȫ- 1, jörȫl 2
Buriat: jürȫ- 1, ürȫr 2 (Alar.)
Kalmuck: jörɛ̄l 2
Ordos: örȫ- 1, örȫl 2
Monguor: śurō- (SM 402) 1 monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pīr-
Meaning: to beg, pray
Russian meaning: просить, умолять
Modern Korean: pīl-
Middle Korean: pīr-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗVrXV
Meaning: to ask, pray
Dravidian: (Kui *vris-; Sal. pōrk-, Oll. porp-); also *pār_- brahman 1223
References: МССНЯ 357, ОСНЯ 3, 111-125; ND 1765 *[ṗ]iRo-(Ḳä) 'to ask' (but Kartv. rather to *ṗVrV). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *prek'-, *perk'-
Meaning: to ask, to woo
Tokharian: A, B pärk- (PT *pärk-) 'ask, question' (Adams 371)
Old Indian: pr̥ccháti, ptc. prṣṭá- `to ask, question'; pr̥cchā f. `asking, question'; praśná- m. `question, demand'
Avestan: pǝrǝsaiti `fragt, begehrt', ptc. paršta-; frašna- m. `Befragung, Frage'
Other Iranian: OPers aparsan `ich frug'
Armenian: harch `Frage', harchanem `ich frage'; harzn `Braut, Neuvermählte, Schwiegertochter'
Latin: poscō, -ere, poposcī `fordern, ausbitten, verlange; biete; vor Gericht fordern, herausfordern; forschen, fragen, anrufen'; postulāre `verlangen, fordern'; procus, -ī m. `Freier', prex f. `Gebet, Bitte', precārī `beten, bitten'
Other Italic: Umbr pepurkurent `rogāverint, dēcrēverint', peperscust `precātus erit', persklu, pesklu `supplicātiōne'; pe(r)snimu, persnihimu `precātor', persnis fust `precātus erit'
Celtic: *hark- > OIr imm-chom-arc `gegenseitiges Fragen, Begrüssen', Ir arco `ich bitte'; Cymr archaf `ich bitte', Corn arghaf `ich bitte', MBret archas `il commanda'
Russ. meaning: просить; сватать(ся)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: проси́ть,
Near etymology: прошу́, спроси́ть, укр. проси́ти, др.-русск., ст.-слав. просити, итер. прашати αἰτεῖν, ζητεῖν, болг. про́ся, сербохорв. про̀сити, про̏си̑м "клянчить, сватать", словен. prósiti, prósim "просить", чеш. prositi, слвц. рrоsit᾽, польск. prosić, в.-луж. рrоsуć, н.-луж. рšоsуś.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. prašýti, рrаšаũ "требовать, просить", лтш. prasît, рrаsu -- то же, др.-инд. prac̨nás "вопрос", pr̥ccháti "спрашивает", авест. frasa- м. "вопрос", лат. рrесоr, -ārī "просить", рrосus "жених", гот. fraíhnan "спрашивать", д.-в.-н. frâgа ж. "вопрос", frâgên, frâgôn "спрашивать", лат. роsсō, -еrе (из *роrсsсō) "требовать, выпрашивать", ср.-ирл. аrсо "прошу", арм. hаrc̣аnеm "спрашиваю", лит. реršù, pir̃šti "сватать", тохар. pärk, рrаk "просить" (Ройтер, JSFOu 47, 4, 11); см. Траутман, ВSW 216; М.--Э. 3, 377; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 44; Торп 246; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 346 и сл.; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 173; Хюбшман 464 и сл.
Pages: 3,377-378
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *pir̃č- (*per̃č-a-) vb. tr., *pir̃č-l-ia- m., -iā̃ f., *prač-ī̂- vb.
Meaning: ask, ask in marriage
Lithuanian: pir̃šti (per̃ša, pir̃šō) `jmd. ein Mädchen zufreien, für jmd. um die Hand eines Mädchens anhalten'; prašī́ti `bitten, fordern, verlangen', dial. 'fragen'
Lettish: pir̂slis2, f. pir̂sle2 'Freiwerber(in), der das Brautpaar zum Pastor begleitet'; prasît (-u [/-ĩju], -ĩju) tr., intr. 'fragen, bitten; fordern; bitten, laden, rinladen, auffordern; verlangen (intr.)'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *furskō(n); *frixnan-/*frignan-, *frignian-, *frixt=, *frikkjēn, *frēgṓn, *frēgōn-; *firgṓn- etc.
Meaning: ask
Gothic: frɛhnan (frah; frēhun) st. `question'
Old Norse: fregna st./wk. `fragen, erfahren'; frētt f. `Fragen, Erforschung; Nachrichrt', frǟg-r `berühmt'
Norwegian: frega vb.; fräg adj.
Old Swedish: fräghna vb.; frät; frägher adj.
Swedish: dial. frega vb.
Old Danish: fregne vb.; fräghär adj.
Old English: frignan `fragen'; friccea `Herold'; freht f. `Wahrsagung'; ge-frǟge `berühmt'
Old Frisian: frēgia `vragen'; grēge f.
Old Saxon: frāgon; prt. fragn `fragte', gi-frāgi `berühmt'; fregnan
Middle Dutch: vrāghen; vrāgh f.
Dutch: vragen; vergen; vraag f.
Middle Low German: vrāge; vrāgen
Old High German: forsca f. `Forchung, Frage', forscōn (8.Jh.) `fragen, forschen'; frāga (9.Jh.), frā̆ha (um 800) `Frage', -frāgōn (um 800), frāgēn (8.Jh.), { frāhēn } `fragen'; fergōn `bitten'
Middle High German: vrāge, vrāg st. f. 'frage, nachfrage, forschung'; vrāgen wk. 'fragen, forschen'; vorschen wk. 'forschen, fragen'
German: Frage f., fragen, forschen
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1499
Root: perk̂-4, prek̂-, pr̥k̂-
English meaning: to ask, ask for
German meaning: `fragen, bitten'
Derivatives: pr̥k̂-skā- `Frage'
Material: 1. sk̂o-Präs. *pr̥k̂-sk̂ō, woraus *pr̥sk̂ō: ai. pr̥ccháti `fragt', av. pǝrǝsaiti `fragt, begehrt' (Partiz. paršta-), ap. aparsam `ich frug'; arm. e-harc̣ `er hat gefragt' (: ai. á-pr̥cchat), davon das Präs. harc̣anem; lat. poscō `fordere, verlange, er bitte'; ir. arco `ich bitte', cymr. archaf, corn. arghaf ds., mbret. archas `il commanda' (air. imm-chom-arc `gegenseitiges Fragen, Begrüßen' usw.) mit ar aus r̥ vor dem s der Grundf. *pr̥skō (aus *pr̥k̂-skō); lit. peršù, pir̃šti `für jemanden freien' (piršlỹs `Freiwerber'), wenn mit analogischem Präs.-Ablaut e statt i; dazu ai. pr̥cchā́ `Frage, Erkundigung' = arm. harc̣ ds.; ahd. forsca `Forschung, Frage' ist Postverbale zu forscōn `fragen, forschen'; lat. postulō `fordere' (Deminutiv vom Partiz. *posctos zu poscō);im Osk.-Umbr. ist *porscō zu *perscō umgebildet: umbr. persnimu Imper. Med. `precātor', dazu mit (Formans -(e)lo-) umbr. persklu, pesklu `supplicātiōne', ferner mars. pesco `sacrificum', und vom Partiz. *pes[c]to- aus: osk. pestlúm, peeslúm `templum', woraus messap. πενσκλεν `Bethaus'. 2. Ai. prāś- `(gerichtliche) Befragung', av. frasā f. `Frage', ai. pr̥ṣṭhā- (= av. parštå-) `Gerichtsfrage', praśná-, av. frašna- m. `Befragung, Frage' (= ahd. fragan `Specht' KZ 62, 31, 2), arm. harsn `Braut, Neuvermählte, Schwiegertochter' (vgl. got. fraíhnan); lat. procus `Freier', prex f. `Bitte', precor, -ārī `bitten', umbr. pepurkurent 3. Pl. Fut. `poposcerint'; got. fraíhnan `fragen', aisl. fregna, ags. frignan (und i̯o-Präs. fricnan) ds., as. Prät. fragn; ags. friccea `Herold'; germ. *frehti- in aisl. frētt f. `Frage, Erforschung', ags. freht f. `Wahrsagung'; ahd. frāga `Frage' (*frāg-ōn, -ēn, frāhēn `fragen'), aisl. frǣgr, ags. ge-frǣge, as. gi-frāgi `berühmt'; ablaut. ahd. fergōn `bitten'; aisl. prositi `bitten'; lit. Iterat. prašaũ, -ýti `fordern, bitten'; toch. A prak-, В prek- `fragen'.
References: WP. II 44, WH. II 346 f.
Pages: 821-822
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *parx-
Russian meaning: хвалиться
English meaning: to boast
Georgian: parx-un-
Megrel: purx-on-
Notes and references: EWK 350. ?Ср. алт. *p`iro 'молиться, благословлять' etc.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVRV
Meaning : to ask, pray
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[ṗ]VrV
Meaning: to speak, pray
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *p(r)ɨ̄wH
Meaning: speak
Burmese: prawh speak.
Lushai: pau speech, word (only in combinations).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 報
Modern (Beijing) reading: bào
Preclassic Old Chinese: pūʔs
Classic Old Chinese: pūh
Western Han Chinese: pūh
Eastern Han Chinese: pūh
Early Postclassic Chinese: pū̀
Middle Postclassic Chinese: pū̀
Late Postclassic Chinese: pū̀
Middle Chinese: pầw
English meaning : to plait, interweave
Russian meaning[s]: 1) отплатить, воздать должное; воздаяние; мзда; 2) доносить; докладывать; информировать; извещать; заявлять; доклад; донесение, рапорт; извещение; заявка; 3) газета; пресса; 4) результат
Comments: More widely used with the meaning 'to repay, requite, reward, respond, announce'. Sch. considers it to be a metaphorical shift of 'plait, interweave', but external evidence is rather against such an interpretation.
Radical: 32
Four-angle index: 5955
Karlgren code: 1058 a-b
Vietnamese reading: báo
Shijing occurrences: 29.2_, 29.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1360
Character: 報
MC description : 效開一去號幫
ZIHUI: 1032 1277
Beijing: pau 3
Jinan: pɔ 3
Xi'an: pau 2
Taiyuan: pau 3
Hankou: pau 3
Chengdu: pau 3
Yangzhou: pɔ 3
Suzhou: pä 31
Wenzhou: pз 31
Changsha: pau 31
Shuangfeng: pǝ 31
Nanchang: pau 31
Meixian: pau 3
Guangzhou: pou 31
Xiamen: po 31
Chaozhou: po 31
Fuzhou: pɔ 31
Shanghai: pɔ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: pau 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *brǝ
Meaning: speech, word
Kaling: 'brɔ
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: pa:pmaʔ, -pa:ʔr-/-pa:t-/-pa:ʔl
Grammar: vi.
Meaning: speak, talk
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: boʔo
Grammar: n.
Meaning: word, language, matter, issue, conversation
Nepali: kurā.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *baŕ- (~-r1-)
Meaning: to pray
Ket: baĺbɛt6, baĺvɛt6
Yug: barbɛt́5
Comments: ССЕ 206. Lit. "to make a prayer"; cf. also Ket baĺbe-ś6 "cross" ("object of prayer"). Werner 1, 101 <*baʎ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *bar
Meaning: speech, word
Yasin: bar
Hunza: bar
Nagar: bar
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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