Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *čĀka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: new-born child

Russian meaning: новорожденный ребенок, детеныш

Turkish: čaɣa (dial.); čaɣa 'young of birds' (Old Osm. XIV c.)

Tatar: čaɣa

Middle Turkic: čaqa (Pav. C.), (Xwar.) čaqa 'young of birds' (Фазылов 2, 511)

Uzbek: čaqalɔq, (Tashk.) čaqa

Uighur: bala-čaqa 'children' (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: čaɣa

Turkmen: čāGa

Kirghiz: bala-čaqa 'children'

Kazakh: qɨzɨl šaqa 'quite naked (of young of animals)'

Noghai: bala-šaɣa 'children'

Karakalpak: qɨzɨl šaqa 'quite naked (of young of animals)'

Comments: VEWT 96, Менгес 1979, 170.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *č`i̯ā́k`e ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: small

Russian meaning: маленький

Turkic: *čĀka

Mongolian: *čaka

Korean: *čjāk-, *čjǝ̄k-

Comments: SKE 20, EAS 64. Turkic forms are attested late and can be < Mong.; however, Turkm. čāGa with a long vowel is hard to explain as a loan. On the other hand, cf. Karakh. čekün 'young of marmot' (EDT 415), Evk. čekše 'tarbagan': if these words are related, the PA reconstruction should be changed to *č`ek`a.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *čaka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: new-born child

Russian meaning: новорожденный ребенок

Written Mongolian: čaqa (L 166)

Middle Mongolian: čaxun (~ ajaqa) 'small cup, pan' (HY 19)

Khalkha: cax

Ordos: ǯaxa 'inheritor'

Comments: Mong. > Tuva čaɣa 'bear cub' (Менгес 1979, 170).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *čjāk-, *čjǝ̄k-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: small

Russian meaning: маленький

Modern Korean: čak-

Middle Korean: čjāk-, čjǝ̄k-

Comments: Nam 419, 425, KED 1386.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *cVḳV

Meaning: small

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *č`i̯ā́k`e ( ~ -u)

Kartvelian: *ć̣iḳ- (+ *ć̣uḳ- 253)

Dravidian: *čik-

References: ND 334 *c̣iḳV 'small'.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ć̣iḳ-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: маленький

English meaning: small

Georgian: c̣iḳ- (dial.)

Georgian meaning (Rus.): маленький, крошка

Georgian meaning (Engl.): small, crumb

Megrel: č̣iḳ-u

Notes and references: EWK 527. Ср., с одной стороны, ПСК *č̣ä̆kŭ / *č̣ä̆ḳŭ 'детеныш'; с другой стороны, алт. *sik`u 'маленький, мало'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *čik-

Meaning : small

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *čik-

Proto-Telugu : *cik-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *čik-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *čik-

Meaning : small

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cikka

Tamil meaning : in brief, in a nutshell

Malayalam : cikkiṇi

Malayalam meaning : young, small (said of girls)

Kannada : cikka, ciga

Kannada meaning : little, small, young

Kannada derivates : cīku smallness, littleness of size, used of grain and pulse; cikkatana childhood, youth

Kodagu : cikk-aḍake

Kodagu meaning : very young, tender areca-nut

Tulu : cikka

Tulu meaning : little, young, small, short

Tulu derivates : cikini tender, young, small; cikkè a dwarf; (B-K) cikkeli a small variety of mouse

Proto-Nilgiri : *Sik-

Miscellaneous : IRU cikkeḍu mosquito

Number in DED : 2495

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *Sik-

Meaning : mouse

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : cikn

Number in DED : 2495

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *cik-

Meaning : small, little

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : cikiciki

Number in DED : 2495

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *čik-

Meaning : mouse, rat

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *čik-āl

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *čik-āl

Meaning : muskrat; mouse

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : cikkāl "muskrat"

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : cikkal "muskrat"

Adilabad Gondi : cikkāl "(Su.) mouse"

Number in DED : 2495

Number in CVOTGD : 1304

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVKV

Meaning : small

Eurasiatic : *CVḳV

Afroasiatic : Cf. Omot. *č̣Vḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : *šdĭ́ḳwĂ

Reference : ND 334 (Omot.-Nostr.).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *šdĭ́ḳwĂ

Meaning: short

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ǯ_ĭḳwĂ / *ḳ_ĭǯwĂ

Yenisseian: *tu(ʔ)K-

Burushaski: *ćíki

Basque: *čiki

Comments and references : LDC 38. Cf. also PNC *ć̣_wǟqV 'few'; *č̣ä̆kŭ / *čä̆ḳŭ `young (of animals), boy' and Bur. Hun., Nag. ćā́kur `young man' (<> Sh. ćā́kur), as well as Kott. čūčuk 'puppy' - perhaps a different root.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ǯ_ĭḳwĂ / *ḳ_ĭǯwĂ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *č̣iḳ:ʷV-

Proto-Lezghian: *č:i[ḳ]V-

Proto-West Caucasian: *ḳ́ač̣ʷǝ

Notes: An expressive root with two stops; in such cases metatheses and assimilations are common in NC languages (although this makes the reconstruction less secure). Cf. also Hurr. zugǝ 'small, short' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 41).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *č̣iḳ:ʷV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small, short (in height)

Chamalal: č̣iḳ:u-b

Comments: Attested only in Cham., but having possible external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *č:i[ḳ]V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Tabasaran: žiq:i

Agul: žaq:e-f

Rutul: ǯɨk-dɨ

Tsakhur: ?ǯiṭa-na

Comment: There are difficulties with the second consonant: the Tsakh. form may be explained as a contraction of *č:iK-t:V- (with an old adjective suffix); but the uvular in Tab. and Ag. is unclear.

    See Хайдаков 1973, 107.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ḳ́ač̣ʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Abkhaz: a-ḳ́áč̣

Adyghe: č̣́ač̣́ǝ

Kabardian: č̣aṣ́

Comments: PAK *ḳač̣́ǝ́. Identifying *ḳa as 'tail' and treating the PAK form as 'empty-tailed' (thus in Shagirov 2, 134) is obviously a folk etymology. The Abkh. word may be, but not necessarily is, an AK loanword (phonetic correspondences are quite regular here).

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *tuK-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Kottish: thūki

Comments: ССЕ 289. Werner 2, 318 *t^hukǝ.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ćíki

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: small

Yasin: ćíki

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *čiki

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: small

Bizkaian: txiki, txikin, txiker, txikar

Gipuzkoan: txiki, txiker, txikar

High Navarrese: txiki, ttiki

Low Navarrese: txiki

Lapurdian: txipi

Zuberoan: txipi

Roncalese: (Uztárroz) txikin

Comments: Most Vasconists impute common origin to several words for 'small' (*tipi, *čiki), though we think they were originally distinct and eventually blended in forms such as txipi (LAB,ZBR) and ttiki (ANV).

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