Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bAŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: peace

Russian meaning: мир

Old Turkic: baz (Orkh.)

Middle Turkic: baz (Qutb, AH)

Bashkir: baδ-a- 'to be shy'

Balkar: baz-a-ma 'shelter, secure place'

Karaim: baz; baz-la- 'to comfort, console'

Comments: EDT 388 (together with baz 'an alien'), VEWT 62, 66.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *bĕŕa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: peace

Russian meaning: мир

Turkic: *bAŕ- / *bAr-

Mongolian: *berele-

Tungus-Manchu: *bere

Comments: A Western isogloss. The Mong. word is usually analysed as 'to behave like a daughter-in-law' (see e.g. KW 42, L 99), which may be a folk-etymology (in view of the external evidence).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *berele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be shy; to do a favour (to a respected person)

Russian meaning: быть застенчивым; оказывать услугу почтенному лицу

Written Mongolian: berele-, (L 99) berile-

Khalkha: berle-

Kalmuck: berḷ-, berṃšǝ-

Ordos: berele-

Comments: KW 42.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bere

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to ease, peaceful

Russian meaning: успокаивать, мирный, смирный

Evenki: bere

Literary Manchu: beǯiǵe-

Orok: bere-mi

Comments: ТМС 1, 127.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *bVŕV

Meaning: good, peaceful

Indo-European: *bher-

Altaic: *bĕŕa (cf. also *bāŕa)

Uralic: *para 'good'

Dravidian: *bāṛ-d- (cf. also *par[a]-)

References: (ND 1785, but with a great confusion: cf. *ṗVrV).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *bher-

Meaning: good, valiant

Avestan: bairišta- `der am besten pflegt, hegt'

Armenian: bari `bebe', barvokh `gurt, best'

Old Greek: phéristo- `stärkster, tapferster, vorzüglichster, bester', phértato- `bravest, best', phértero- `braver, better'

Germanic: *bir-ō- vb., *bar-ō- vb.

Albanian: mbarɛ `gut, glücklich'

Russ. meaning: хороший, доблестный

References: WP II 153 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *birōn-, *barōn-

Meaning: good deity

IE etymology: IE etymology

Swedish: dial. bjäre, bare `glückbringendes Zauberwesen'

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1484

Proto: *para

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: good

German meaning: gut

Finnish: parempi (gen. paremman) 'besser', paras (gen. parhaan), parahin, parhain 'der beste', paranta- 'gesund machen; bessern', parantu- 'genesen, gesund werden; besser werden' ( > Saam. L pārēti- 'verbessern')

Estonian: parem 'besser', paras (gen. paraja) 'angemessen, passend, bequem', parim (gen. parima) 'der beste'

Saam (Lapp): buorre ~ buorrĕ -r- 'good, kind, pleasant', puorrē (L) 'gut, recht', pī̊_irre (T) 'das Gute', puørr (Not.), po_ir (A) 'gut', pu_ireamp (Kld.) 'besser'

Mordovian: paro (E), para (M) 'gut'

Mari (Cheremis): purǝ̑ (KB), puro, poro (U) 'gut, gesund', poro (B) 'gut', paremä- (KB), parema- (U), porema- (M B) 'genesen'

Udmurt (Votyak): bur (S K G) 'gut, gütig; recht (Seite, Hand, Fuß)'

Komi (Zyrian): bur (S P PO) 'gut' (*bur gaž 'gute Lust' > Khanty Karymkary kač pur 'lustig')

Sammalahti's version: *pe"ra

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *bāẓ-d-

Meaning : to live (happily)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *vāẓ-

Proto-Telugu : *brad-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *bad-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *bad-

Proto-North Dravidian : *bāj-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *vāẓ-

Meaning : to live, flourish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : vāẓ (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to exist, live, flourish, be happy, live life of a married woman, live according to a definite set of rules; n. regularity, order

Tamil derivates : vāẓttu (vāẓtti-) to felicitate, congratulate, bless, praise; n. benediction, praise; vāẓvi (-pp-, -tt-) to cause or help one to live; vāẓkkai livelihood, living, lifetime, married life, happy state, wealth, prosperity; vāẓcci living, prosperity, wealth, felicity; vāẓvu prosperity, happiness, happy life, livelihood, living, residing, residence, wealth; vāṭkai living; vāṇan_ resident; prosperous man; vāẓi (-pp-, -tt-) to be over-luxuriant in growth and unproductive; vāẓippu over-luxuriant growth; vaẓuttu (vaẓutti-) to bless, praise, extol; vatukku improved condition, good circumstances

Malayalam : vāẓuka

Malayalam meaning : to live, live well or happily, cultivate, rule, reign

Malayalam derivates : vāẓikka to get a girl married, make to rule; vāẓttuka, vāẓttikka to bless, praise, extol; vāẓ life; vāẓca living prosperously, cultivation, reign, government; vāẓvu prosperity, happy life; vāẓi living somewhere; a ruler; vāẓu life; a ruler; ? vaẓuttuka to collect oneself

Kannada : bāẓ, bāẓu, barduku, baẓduŋku, barduŋku, baduku, badaku, badiku, baduŋku

Kannada meaning : to live, be alive, subsist, make a livelihood, remain alive, revive, return to life

Kannada derivates : bāẓ(u) living, life, livelihood, state of living prosperously or happily, marriage, property; bāẓi person who lives, etc.; bāẓive, bāẓve, bāẓike, bāẓke, bāẓte, bāẓuvike, bāẓvike living, life, livelihood, household; baduku, badaku, barduku living, life, livelihood, property, goods; badukisu, badikisu to cause to live, support, save from death, raise to life; baẓ to live, begin to live prosperously; bardu, baddu increase, greatness, perfection, proficiency, skill

Kodagu : bāḷ- (bāv-, badd-)

Kodagu meaning : (child) lives, rule

Kodagu derivates : bāḷɨ way of life; bā mane house into which bride marries; bāce act of living; bāke kūḍ- (woman) marries; badɨk- (badɨki-) to live, live happily; badɨkɨ property

Tulu : bāḷuni

Tulu meaning : to thrive, prosper, exist, subsist, last, endure

Tulu derivates : bāḷāvuni to make thrive, prosper; bāḷikè, bāḷkè, bāḷu, bāḷuvikè, bāḷuvè, bāḷtara, bāḷtè, bāḷvè existence, subsistence, prosperity, thriving; badụkuni, badukuni to live, subsist, survive, recover; badụkāvuni, badukāvuni to cause to live, save, heal, cure; badụkụ living, livelihood, wealth, property

Proto-Nilgiri : *vad-ǝk-/*vāḷ-

Notes : The verb was most often used with the suffix *-d-; forms like Tulu badukuni, etc. < *vāṛ-d-k-. Tamil vatukku most obviously borrowed from Kannada.

Number in DED : 5372

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *vad-ǝk-/*vāḷ-

Meaning : to live prosperously

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : vadk- (vadky-) "to prosper, live"

Toda : poɵk- (poɵky-) "to prosper"

Additional forms : Also Kota vāḷ- (vāḷy-) "(woman) lives prosperously with husband"; vāḷṇ extremely fatty meat; vag- (vaṛt-) (woman) is married; vakc- (vakc-) to make woman marry; vadk prosperity, property; vāc- (vāc-) pair-word with vadk-; Toda poɵk wealth; poḍ- (poḍɵ-) to be priest of tī dairy; poḍɵ- (poḍɵy-) to enjoy (in songs); paṣk property, household article; ? poḷc- (poḷč-) to live, be alive, get on in life (or with 5292); poḷp way of living, means of livelihood (or with 5292)

Number in DED : 5372

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *brad-

Meaning : to live, subsist, survive

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : bratuku

Dialectal forms (1) : batuku

Dialectal forms (2) : braduku

Dialectal forms (3) : baduku

Additional forms : Also bratikincu to restore life to, revive, resuscitate; [1] bratuku, [2] batuku life, existence, livelihood, subsistence; bradimi existence, living, livelihood

Number in DED : 5372

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *bad-

Meaning : to live

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : bat- (batt-) "to live in a place"

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : badk- "to subsist"

Naikri : batt-

Parji : badk-

Additional forms : Also Kolami batkip- (batkipt-) to rear; Naikri badkip- to make to live, bring up

Number in DED : 5372

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *bad-

Meaning : to live

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *bad-k-

Konda : batki- (-t-)

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *bat-k-

Notes : The actual PGn form is *badk-, since the root was regularly used with the plural action suffix.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *bad-k-

Meaning : he lived

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Maria Gondi : badaktōr

Number in DED : 5372

Konda etymology :

Konda : batki- (-t-)

Meaning: to live, flourish

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda batku life, living, prosperity

Number in DED : 5372

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *bat-k-

Meaning : to live (happily)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : bārti "longevity, long life"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : batkali "to live"

Kuwi (Schulze) : batkinai "to live"

Kuwi (Israel) : batk- (-it-) "to get on well"

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_S batku living; Kuwi_Isr batki ki- to make a good living, live happily

Notes : The Kui form is borrowed from SDR; but Kuwi forms are original, with a suffixal -k- (plural action) that goes back to PDR.

Number in DED : 5372

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *bāj-

Meaning : to respect

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : bāynā (bāycas) "to respect, keep on a footing of reserve with (elder brothers with younger brothers' wives, elder sisters with younger sisters' husbands, man with wife's elder sisters, woman with husband's elder brothers)"

Malto : bāc-naqe "to employ the plural form when relatives by law address one another"

Additional forms : Also KUR bāenā xoenā to shun; MLT bāc-naqpo a relative by law.

Number in DED : 4090

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