Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *köń-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to burn (itr.) 2 to burn (tr.) 3 to kindle 4 to get burnt 5 soot 6 strong smell of burnt 7 unpleasant smell

Russian meaning: 1 гореть 2 жечь 3 зажигать 4 обгорать 5 сажа 6 сильный запах горелого 7 неприятный запах

Old Turkic: köj- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kön- (Argu MK), köj- 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: (dial.) köj-, küj- 1; küje 5

Tatar: köj- 1

Middle Turkic: köj- 1 (Abush., MA, Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: kuj- 1, kuja 5

Uighur: köj-, küj- 1, köjdür- 2

Turkmen: köj- 1, küjö (dial.) 5

Khakassian: köj- 1, köje 5

Shor: köj- 1

Oyrat: küj- 1, kȫ 5

Halaj: kie̯n- 1

Chuvash: kü, kǝʷv 6 (Ашм.), kǝʷśek 7; kъʷvajt 5

Tuva: xȫ 5

Tofalar: xȫ̃ 5

Kirghiz: küj- 1, kȫ 5

Kazakh: küj- 1, küje 5

Noghai: küj- 1, küje 5

Bashkir: küj- 1

Balkar: küj- 1

Karakalpak: küj- 1, küje 5

Kumyk: güj- 1

Comments: VEWT 309, EDT 726, 730, ЭСТЯ 5, 88-89, 133, Лексика 362, Мудрак Дисс. 75. The Az. form is somewhat dubious, both semantically ("itch") and phonetically (irregular voiced g-). See also *köń- 'to grieve, suffer'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`ùńe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn, get burnt

Russian meaning: гореть, подгорать

Turkic: *köń-

Mongolian: *köɣe

Korean: *kɨ̀ńɨ̀r-

Japanese: *kuànkàra-

Comments: The Jpn. form reflects a suffixed *k`ùńe-KV-.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *köɣe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: soot

Russian meaning: сажа

Written Mongolian: köɣe

Middle Mongolian: küje (MA)

Khalkha: xȫ

Buriat: xȫ

Kalmuck: kȫ

Ordos: kȫ

Dongxian: guǝ-mǝi

Dagur: xuē (Тод. Даг. 179), huē (MD 165)

Shary-Yoghur: kǖ

Monguor: kō (SM 204)

Comments: KW 243, MGCD 369. Cf. also WMong. köjüre-, Kalm. köjr- 'to sweat'. Hardly < Turkic, despite Щербак 1997, 196. Mong. > Man. ku id. (see Rozycki 144).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kɨ̀ńɨ̀r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 soot 2 to be covered with soot

Russian meaning: 1 сажа 2 покрываться сажей

Modern Korean: kɨɨrɨm 1, kɨɨl- 2

Middle Korean: kɨ̀ńɨ̀rɨ̀m 1

Comments: Nam 69, KED 240.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kuànkàra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be burnt

Russian meaning: быть опаленным, подгорать, загорать

Old Japanese: kwogara-

Middle Japanese: kògàra-

Tokyo: kogaré-

Kyoto: kógáré-

Kagoshima: kogaré-

Comments: JLTT 711. Kagoshima points to high tone, but other dialects rather to a low one.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVńV

Meaning: to burn

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kank- ?

Altaic: *k`ùńe (cf. also *k`eŋV )

Uralic: *keŋä ?

Dravidian: *kan- (?)

Eskimo-Aleut: *kinǝʁ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *kĕŋ're-

References: ND 1092 *Ḳan(K)E 'to singe, glow', 1097 *ḲüńV 'burn' (hardly distinguishable) ( + Chad. and one Omot.; cf. also PNC *=iḳwV(n) 'burn'?).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *kank-

Meaning: to dry, to be thursty, hungry

Old Indian: kāṅkṣati `to wish, desire', kakate (D.) `to wish'

Old Greek: ptc. pl. acc. kaŋkoménās `ksērā̂s tō̂i phóbōi' Hsch.; hom. polü-kaŋkḗ-s (dípsa) `sehr brennend', káŋkano- `dürr', 3 sg. kaŋkái̯nei̯ `thálpei, ksēráinei' (Hsch.), kaŋkaléo- <kaŋkaléa> `katakekauménos' (Hsch.)

Germanic: *xúnx-r-a-/*xung-r-á- m.; *xung-r-iá- vb.

Russ. meaning: сохнуть, жаждать, голодать

References: WP I 401

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xúnxra-z/*xungrá-z; *xungrián-

Meaning: hunger

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: huhru-s m. (u) `hunger'; *huŋgrjan wk. `to be hungry'

Old Norse: hungr m. (sp. n.) `Hunger'

Norwegian: hunger

Swedish: hunger

Danish: hunger

Old English: hungor, hungur

English: hunger

Old Frisian: hunger

Old Saxon: hungar

Middle Dutch: hongher

Dutch: honger m.

Old Franconian: hunger

Middle Low German: hunger

Old High German: hungar (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: hunger st. m. 'hunger'

German: Hunger m.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1315

Proto: *keŋä

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: name of a mild season; spring, summer

German meaning: Name einer milden Jahreszeit; Frühling, Sommer

Finnish: kevät (Gen. kevääri), keväin (Gen. keväimen, kevämen) 'Frühling'

Estonian: kevad, kevade (Gen. kevade)

Mari (Cheremis): käŋɣǝž (KB), keŋež (U B) 'Sommer'.

K. Redei's notes: Möglicherweise ist finn. t durch Analogie entstanden; finn. in (ime, me) und tscher. ž sind Ableitungssuffixe. Zum Bedeutungsverhältnis der finn. und tscher. Wörter vgl. skr. vasantá-h, lat. ver 'Frühling' ~ litau. vasarà 'Sommer'. Zu dem irrtümlich hierzu gestellten lapp. N gid́dâ 'spring' (VglWb. 306; Qvigstad, Beitr. 70) s. *keδe 'Frühling' FW.

References: Ojansuu: JSFOu. 30/17: 5, 8; Toivonen: Vir. 1917:81—2, FUF 19:98; Vir. 1933 :246, FUF 22:157—8; Steinitz, FgrVok. 42; E. Itkonen: FUF 29:262, 31:176, 209; Posti: FUF 31: 12; SKES.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kan-

Meaning : angry; to burn

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *kan-

Proto-Telugu : *kan-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *kan-

Meaning : angry; to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kan_al (kan_alv-, kan_an_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to be hot, boil, be angry; burn (tr.); n. fire

Tamil derivates : kan_ar_r_u (kan_ar_r_i-) to cause to burn, render warm, shine brightly; kan_ali sun, fire; kan_alōn_ sun; kan_ar_ci heat, glow, anger; kan_ar_al, kan_alvu anger; kan_i (-v-, -nt-) to be redhot, glow, get angry; kān_al heat, sun's ray, light, mirage

Malayalam : kanal

Malayalam meaning : live coals, fire

Malayalam derivates : kanaluka to burn, be hot; kanekka to burn as charcoal; kaniyuka to glow; kānal heat, glare, mirage

Kannada : kanal (kanald-)

Kannada meaning : to be angry; (PBh.) to glow like live coals; n. wrath, anger

Kannada derivates : kanalke wrath, anger; kani glow; (Hav.) kansu to blacken (pot)

Tulu : kani-mūri

Tulu meaning : the smell of smoke

Tulu derivates : kanepuni, kanipuni to be afflicted, hardened; kaṇipuni to be hardened by burning as an earthen vessel; kanevuni the skin to be discoloured by a blow

Proto-Nilgiri : *kan

Number in DED : 1406

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *kan

Meaning : redhot (kan ib redhot iron; ka(n) nep red coals)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : kan

Additional forms : Also Kota kanc- (kanc-) to expose (dead person's jewelry) to fire to remove pollution

Number in DED : 1406

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *kan-

Meaning : to be angry, burn, give pain; n. anger

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kanalu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kanaru "to grow angry; n. anger"

Additional forms : Also kanakana the glow of fire or live coals; ganagana glowing, glow, blazing; kanakanam-anu, kanakanal-āḍu to glow, shine

Number in DED : 1406

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *kinǝʁ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to dry

Russian meaning: сохнуть

Proto-Yupik: *kinǝʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *kinǝʁ-

Comments: In CED this root is confused with 'wet, damp, dirty' and other words beginning with *kin...

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 175

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *kinǝʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to dry 1, dried 2, dried meat or fish 3

Russian Meaning: сохнуть 1, высохший 2, сушеное мясо, рыба 3

Chaplino: kīnʁaqā (kinǝ́ɫǝq dvn.) 1, kīnʁaɣŋálʁi, kinʁaɣŋalʁi* 2, //kinǝχtaq 3

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: kinǝʁ- 1, kinǝχtaq 3

Chugach (Birket-Smith): kiniχciʁā tr. 1, kīnūmuq 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: kinǝʁ- 1, kinǝχtaq 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 169, 175

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *kinǝʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: dry, without water

Russian meaning: сухой, обезвоженный

SPI Dialects: Imaq kɨnɨ́qtoq 'viscous, dense (liquid)', KI kiniq- 'fade, wither leaves' [Jen.]

North Alaskan Inupik: kińɨq- 'to filter out'

NAI Dialects: Qaw kiniqtāχaq 'string of dried tom cods'

WCI Dialects: Sig, Cop kiniq- 'to melt away' [Jen.]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: kiniʁitsiaq 'dry'

Greenlandic Inupik: kiniʁ- 'to have have run off (water)'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 175

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *kĕŋ're-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): обгорать, пылать

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *keŋre(t)-

Proto-Itelmen: *kriɣ-

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *kenɣǝ- "

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): горючий 1, сгорать, гореть 2, горелое место 3, пожар 4

Chukchee: kɛnjɛ́t- 2

Koryak: kenɣet- (I) 2, kenɣǝ-lqǝ-n 3

Palan: kenɣet-, kanɣǝ- 2, kenɣǝ-lq-ǝn 3, kenɣu-ken " 4

Alutor: kanɣǝ- 1, kanɣǝ-kan " 4, kanɣǝ-ĺ/cqǝ-n 3, kanɣ-at- 2

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *kriɣ-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): пылать, обжигать (о пище)

Itelmen: kreɣ-at-kes intens.

Itelmen meaning: пылать

West Itelmen: kriɣi-ĺan

West Itelmen meaning: acies

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ostrze

Number in Volodin 1976: 33

Comments: Ср. чук. *keŋret- 'подгорать'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVNV

Meaning : burn, roast, dry

Eurasiatic : *ḳVńV

Afroasiatic : *ḳʷVn- 'burn' (Chad., Om.)

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