Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *uĺa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 small, minute 2 to become crushed, pulverized, smaller 3 to crush, pulverize

Russian meaning: 1 мелкий, маленький 2 дробиться, становиться меньше 3 растирать, дробить

Karakhanid: uša-l- 2, ušaq 1

Turkish: ušak 1

Middle Turkic: ušaq 1, ušal- 2 (Бор. Бад.), ušat- 3 (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ušal- 2, ušɔq 1

Uighur: ušaq (dial.), uššaq 1

Azerbaidzhan: ušaG 1

Turkmen: uša- 2, ušaq 1

Khakassian: uzax 1

Oyrat: uža- 3

Kirghiz: ušat- 3, ušaq 1

Kazakh: ŭsaq 1, ŭsat- 3

Gagauz: ušaq 1

Karakalpak: usaq 1, usat- 3

Comments: EDT 16, 262 (deriving the forms from uvša- which is hardly the case), ЭСТЯ 1, 617-618.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *uĺi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to crush, mince

Russian meaning: ломать, размельчать

Turkic: *uĺa-

Mongolian: *(h)ülte-

Tungus-Manchu: *ulē-

Korean: *ori-

Comments: For the meaning in TM cf. the semantics in Mong. (both 'crush into pieces' and 'boil (down to softness)'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)ülte-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to crush, pulverize 2 to boil (meat) 3 asunder, to pieces

Russian meaning: 1 разбивать, размельчать 2 разваривать (мясо) 3 вдребезги

Written Mongolian: ültü 3, ültü-, ültül-, ültüre- 1, 2 (L 1006)

Khalkha: ült 3, ültle- 1, 2

Buriat: ülti 3, ültil-, ültir- 1, 2

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ulē-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to boil

Russian meaning: варить

Evenki: ulē-

Even: ölē-

Negidal: ulē-

Ulcha: ulu-si-

Orok: ulē-

Nanai: ulu-

Udighe: olokto-

Solon: ölȫ-, ulȫ-, elȫ-

Comments: ТМС 2, 265.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *ori-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to mince, cut small

Russian meaning: размельчать, мелко резать

Modern Korean: ori-

Middle Korean: ori-

Comments: Liu 576, KED 1199.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *wVlV

Meaning: cut, sharp

Altaic: *uĺi ?

Uralic: *wole (*wōle)

Dravidian: *vaḷa- (cf. also *ul- (*o-) 'pestle')

Eskimo-Aleut: *uɫi-

References: МССНЯ 353.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1174

Proto: *wole (*wōle)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to cut, shave

German meaning: schnitzen, schnitzeln, schaben, hobeln

Finnish: vuole- 'schnitzeln; schaben; glätten, hobeln'

Estonian: vooli- 'glatt schaben, schnitzen, beschneiden'

Saam (Lapp): vuollâ- ~ fuollâ- -l- 'whittle (with knife); plane', vuolla- (L) 'schnitzen, schnitzeln (mit einem Messer); hobeln; aufreiben; abnutzen, abwetzen', vī̊lli̊- (T), vūlle- (Kld.), vuolle- (Not.) 'schneiden, schnitzen'

Udmurt (Votyak): ve̮l- (S G), vȯl- (K) 'hobeln, glatt schnitzen', ve̯lị̑ (G) 'hobeln'

Komi (Zyrian): ve̯lal- (S), vova^.v- (P), vo^.lal- (PO) 'mit dem Messer hobeln, schaben, schnitzeln'

Khanty (Ostyak): wălt- (V O), wăttǝ- (DN) 'hobeln, abschaben, ausschaben'

Mansi (Vogul): walt- (KU LU), wolt- (So.) 'schneiden, schnitzen'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *vaḷ-

Meaning : to cut; to be sharp

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *vaḷ

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vaḷ-ǯ-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vaḷa-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *vaḷ-

Meaning : sharp

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : vaḷ

Tamil meaning : sharpness, pointedness

Number in DED : 5306

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vaḷ-ǯ-

Meaning : to cut (intr.)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : valj- "(knife) to have cutting edge"

Number in DED : 5306

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vaḷ-a-

Meaning : to be sharp

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : vaṛs-

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛas-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vaḷ-[s-]

Notes : Bisyllabic root.

Konda etymology :

Konda : vaṛs-

Meaning: to be sharp (BB)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 5306

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛas-

Meaning : to be sharp

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : ṛah- (ṛast-)

Manda : ṛah-

Number in DED : 5306

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vaḷ-[s-]

Meaning : to sharpen

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : vala "point, sharp end, spearhead, sting"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : rechali "to hone"

Kuwi (Schulze) : lē'nai

Sunkarametta Kuwi : ṛe'-

Tekriya Kuwi : vaṛh- (vaṛst-)

Kuwi (Israel) : ṛēʔ- (-t-)

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Su ṛemperi valli whetstone; Kuwi_F repel vwalli whetstone; Kuwi_Isr ṛēka vali, ṛēmpa vali, ṛēmpori vali sharpening stone

Notes : The Kui form reflects the simple root. Kuwi verbal forms date back to *vaḷs-, t-conjugation, whence the reduction in most dialects: *vaḷs-p- > *vḷe-p- > *ḷe-p- (only the vowel quality is somewhat strange). The form *vaḷs- is also confirmed by external data.

Number in DED : 5306

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *uɫi-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to cut open, to crack, to chip

Russian meaning: разрезать, раскалывать, щепать

Proto-Yupik: *uɫiГ-

Proto-Inupik: *uli-ʁ-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 367

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *uɫiГ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to cut open

Russian Meaning: разрезать

Central Alaskan Yupik: uɫiχtǝ- 'to open or cut sth. so as to expose the inside', uɫixtǝ- 'to cut fish for drying'

Egegik (Peripheral): Y uɫiɣnǝq (ʁ) 'cut'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 368

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *uli-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to break, to crack 1, to chip 2

Russian meaning: ломать, раскалывать 1, щепать 2

SPI Dialects: Imaq ulímalíq 'chip'

North Alaskan Inupik: uliq- 1, 2

NAI Dialects: Qaw uliq- 1, 2

Western Canadian Inupik: uliq- 1, 'to tear'

Eastern Canadian Inupik: uliq- 1 (in sth.)

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 368

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