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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bir (*bīr)
Meaning: one
Russian meaning: один
Old Turkic: bir (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)
Turkish: bir
Tatar: ber
Uzbek: bir
Uighur: bir
Sary-Yughur: bɨr
Azerbaidzhan: bir
Turkmen: bir
Khakassian: pǝr
Shor: pir
Oyrat: bir
Halaj: bi
Chuvash: pǝʷr
Yakut: bīr
Dolgan: bīr, bir
Tuva: bir
Tofalar: bir
Kirghiz: bir
Kazakh: bir
Noghai: bir
Bashkir: ber
Balkar: bir
Gagauz: biŕ
Karaim: bir/bɨr
Karakalpak: bir
Salar: pyr, pir, pur (Kakuk) Kumyk: bir
Comments: VEWT 76, TMN 2, 383-4, EDT 353-4, ЭСТЯ 2, 146-151, Егоров 157, Федотов I 421-422, Stachowski 61. Cf. also Khak. praj 'all', Tat. dial. pǝräj 'any' (КСТТ 179), Az. birä-di 'one, all together'. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯uri
Meaning: one
Russian meaning: один
Comments: KW 67, Martin 238, АПиПЯЯ 73, 99, 277. Doerfer (TMN 2, 384) doubts Ramstedt's Turk.-Mong. comparison for phonetic reasons, which is hardly justified: Turkic frequently reveals a secondary delabialization -ir-, -il- < *-ür-, *-ül- (especially after labials). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *büri
Meaning: all, each
Russian meaning: каждый, все
Written Mongolian: büri (L 148) Middle Mongolian: buri (SH, HYt) Khalkha: bür
Buriat: büri
Kalmuck: bürǝ
Ordos: büri
Shary-Yoghur: burǝn
Monguor: bu (SM 30), bur, burǝn monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pìrɨ́-
Meaning: at first, begin
Russian meaning: сначала, впервые, начинать
Modern Korean: piroso
Middle Korean: pìrɨ́s, pìrɨ́só
Comments: Nam 276, 277, KED 852. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pitǝ
Meaning: one
Russian meaning: один
Old Japanese: pjito
Middle Japanese: fító-, fìtó-, fìtò-
Tokyo: hitótsu
Kyoto: hîtótsu
Kagoshima: hitótsu (xi_tóT)
Nase: thí-
Shuri: tī́-
Hateruma: pɨ_̀tù-
Yonakuni: thù-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗerV
Meaning: edge
Comments: Cf. also PA *p`ìrá 'far', *p`ire 'bank' (for 'one' cf. also PA *bi̯uri; PD *ver_- 'empty; alone'?]; PD *paṛ-[k-] 'side'.
References: ND 1761 *ṗerä 'ground, earth' (Mong., TM + dub. FV, CChad. and Akk.); 1763 *ṗeR[o] 'lip, edge' (same Mong., Jap., incorr. Turk. + FU *pertV + IE + Kartv.), 1764 *P_erV 'bottom, buttocks' (same TM + Ur. *perä + dub. Drav.). Probably 2 roots, but with different division (A: Alt. *p`eri : Drav. *paṛ-; B: Alt. *p`ira : Drav. *per_-, with a confusion in other families?). Cf. also: PA *pĭ́rò (~ b-) 'beak, nose'; IE *bhrn- 'mouth', *bhrd- 'hill, edge'; Cush. *pVr- 'lip, face' (ND 1763); ST *b(h)ēr 'side'; NC *pŭrV 'part of face under the nose' (so far not enough to make a deeper etymology); Austric: PAA *pɛ:r 'edge, bank', Kmr. kpe:r 'near', Munda hopor id., PAN *SipaR 'opposite side', *papaR 'cheek, side', hampir 'near, close by'; PAA *bʔǝr / *bʔuar 'mouth, lip', PAN *biRbiR 'lip', *su(m)bir 'rim, edge, border, lip', *birbir 'edge'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *per-
Meaning: prep./adv.: around
Hittite: para 'vorwärts, hervor, hinaus' (Friedrich 159), piran 'vorn, voran' (170)
Tokharian: A ana-pär, B ene-pre (PT *ene-pre) 'before, in front of' (Adams 84); A pärne, B parna 'outside' (PT *päränā-i) (359); A pärwat, B parwe 'earlier, first' (PT *pärwe) (360)
Old Indian: pári adv. 'round, around', pári prp. 'around smth., over smth.'
Avestan: pairi prp. 'um-herum'
Other Iranian: OPers pariy prp. 'um-herum'
Old Greek: péri, perí, dial. pér adv. 'um herum, durch und durch', prf. 'über etwas hinaus, über, vorüber, herum, -um', vor Adj. 'sehr, überaus', prp. 'um--herum, in etwas umher, um (dē); um--herum, um (wegen); 'um (den Bereich einer Sache) herum; um (= in betreff), wegen'
References: WP II 29 ff
Comments: + *pres, *pros, *pr̥-, *p(e)ra, *prō̆, *proti, *pru, *porsō(d)
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: пере-
Near etymology: -- приставка: переходи́ть, перегороди́ть, перевяза́ть, переспроси́ть, переговори́ть; укр. пере-, блр. пере-, др.-русск. пере-, ст.-слав. прѣ-, болг. пре-, сербохорв. пре-, словен. рrе-, чеш. рřе-, слвц. рrе-, польск. рrzе-, в.-луж. рřе-, н.-луж. рśе-, диал. рŕе-; также в качестве предл.: слвц. рrе "для, ради, за, чтобы", польск. prze "через, из, от, ради, для", в.-луж. рřе -- то же, н.-луж. рśе; см. Торбьёрнссон 2, 48 и сл.
Further etymology: Родственно др.-прусск. реr "через, для, к", реr- "пере-, об-", лит. реr̃ "через, сквозь", pér- "пере-", жем., вост.-лит. раr, лтш. раr, pãr, др.-инд. pári, авест. pairi, гот. fair- "пере-", лат. реr (permagnus), греч. πέρι, περὶ (-i -- первонач. местн. ед., при род. п., отлож. п. в др.-инд. рuгás "перед", греч. πάρος "прежде, до", твор. в др.-инд. purā́ "прежде"; см. Мейе, Ét. 155; Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 865; Розвадовский, RS 2, 93; Траутман, ВSW 214 и сл.; М.--Э. 3, 86; Эндзелин, Лтш. предл. I, 155 и сл.; 2, 81 и сл.; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 156; Гюнтер, IF 20, 62; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 283 и сл.; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 264).
Pages: 3,236
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *per̂-, *par̂-
Lithuanian: pér-, dial. pár- prf., par- 'zurück, heim', per̃, dial. par̃ 'durch, über-weg, über-hin, um-herum, vermittels'
Old Prussian: per, par
baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *furi, *fura; *fir-
Meaning: praep./adv.
Gothic: fɔra; fɔrra
Old Norse: fyr 'vor, durch, wegen, trotz'; adv. ferri, fjarri
Swedish: för; fjär
Old English: fore; adv. feor(r); fore
English: far; for
Old Frisian: fore
Old Saxon: furi 'hervor, voraus, vor, für, wegen'; for(a), fore; adv. ferr; for(a), fore, far
Middle Dutch: vōre, voor
Dutch: voor
Middle Low German: vȫr
Old High German: furi prp. 'für, wegen, vor, statt', adv. 'voraus'; fora; ferro '(von) fern, weit (weg), weitab, weithin, hoch, viel, sehr', fer 'fern, wie' (8.Jh.); fora (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: vür(e) prp. (lokal) 'vor etw. jin, gegen, für, vorbei an, vorwärts, statt', (temporal) 'fernerhin, seit', adv. 'vor, nach vorne hin, hervor, voraus, vorbei, vorwärts' [= MG vur(e), vor(e)]; vor(e); verre 'fern, entfernt, weit, auswärtig, fremd'; vor(e)
German: für prp. 'anstätt, anstelle, zugunsten'; fern adj. 'weit weg, abgelegen, vor oder nach langer Zeit'; vor prd./adv.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-swed,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 757
Proto: *perä
English meaning: behind, place behind
German meaning: Hinterraum, Hinterteil
Finnish: perä 'das Hintere, Unterteil, Grund' ( > Saam. N bærre -ǣr- 'disease which is hereditary in the family', bærrai (postp.) 'as regards, about')
Estonian: pära 'das letzte, Hinterste, Hinterteil, Boden (eines Gefäßes)'
Mordovian: pŕa, folk. piŕa (E M) 'Kopf, Haupt, Gipfel, Ähre'
Udmurt (Votyak): ber (S G) 'Hinterteil, Hinteres, Rücken eines Gegenstandes', ber (MU) 'zurück'
Khanty (Ostyak): pĕrtäɣ (V), pȧ̆rtȧ (O) 'zurück, nach hinten'
Mansi (Vogul): pärǝ.w (TJ), pärǝj (KU), pär (P) 'zurück'
Sammalahti's version: FP *perä
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ṗir-
Russian meaning: край
English meaning: edge
Georgian: ṗir-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): рот, лицо, край
Georgian meaning (Engl.): mouth, face, edge
Megrel: ṗiǯ-
Svan: ṗil-, bil-
Laz: ṗiǯ-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 153, EWK 273-274. В МССНЯ 345 сравнивается с алт. *p`eri 'нижний край', урал. *perä 'край', драв. *pir_ 'задний край' < ностр. *ṗerV.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *pur_-/*per_- (*-d_-)
Meaning : outside, exterior
Notes : Very probably two roots.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *pUr_-/*pIr_-
Meaning : outside
Tamil : pur_am, pur_an_
Tamil meaning : outside, exterior, that which is foreign; aspersion, calumny
Tamil derivates : adj. pur_a-, pur_am-; pur_akku outside; pur_aku excluded person or thing; pur_aṇi slander; outer bark, skin, anything that is outside; pur_atti that which is outside, foreign, extrinsic; pur_attavan_, pur_attiyan_ foreigner, stranger; pur_ampu the exterior, outside, that which is separate, other; pur_ampar the outside; pur_avu, pur_avam forest, jungle, forest tract, hilly tract; pur_a-ppaṭu (-ppaṭuv-, -ppaṭṭ-) to set forth, proceed, start, go out; pir_a other things; pir_ar outsiders, strangers; pir_an_ another man, stranger; fem. pir_aḷ; pir_itu other thing; pir_āṇṭu elsewhere
Malayalam : pur_am
Malayalam meaning : the outside, west; beyond, more than
Malayalam derivates : adj. pur_a; pur_attu out, out of; pir_an other
Kannada : por_a, por_agu, por_age
Kannada meaning : the outside, outside
Kannada derivates : por_abiga stranger, alien; hor_accu the outside; hor_atu, hortu that is outside, that is excepted; being left alone, being not that, being not present; except, without; hor_ame that is outside or in the rear; hor_aḍu (hor_aṭ-/hoṇṭ- < *por_a-vaḍu-) to go outside or out of, come forth, set out, start, appear (as a boil); hor_aḍisu to cause to go outside or out of, cause to start; per_a outer place, other side; her_agu other side, outside
Kodagu : porame
Kodagu meaning : outside
Kodagu derivates : poraḍ- (poraḍuv-, poraṭ-) to start, set out, depart
Tulu : pida
Tulu meaning : outer
Tulu derivates : pidayi outer; out, outside, abroad; pidāḍuni to start, depart; pidāḍāvuni to cause to start or depart
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) pedamayi outside; pedaḍɨ to come out, start
Notes : The root is present in two forms - *pUr_- and *pIr_-; the i-tinged variant is universal only in Tulu (possibly - in Kodagu, where both phonemes would have merged between a labial and an alveolar anyway, so it's impossible to tell whether Kod. poraḍ- goes back to *pUr_- or *pIr_-). It is notable that all the i-tinged forms usually share the meaning 'other, other side' as contrasted with 'outside', so we may indeed deal here with two different roots that have unfortunately merged completely in Tulu (as well as in Telugu).
Number in DED : 4333
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *por_-
Meaning : outside
Kota : poranj "the outside, place outside"
Toda : pɨr_-mun "the outside"
Additional forms : Also Kota por kay the right shoulder bare (e. g. at ceremonies); por pal teeth that grow irregularly and crooked; Toda pɨr_ nōṛ the southwestern area of the Nilgiris that is hilly/jungly; wɨr_oc fȫr nickname, name used in abuse or ridicule (< Badaga)
Number in DED : 4333
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *per_-
Meaning : foreign, other, different
Telugu : per_a
Additional forms : Also ? pur_r_a adv. left
Number in DED : 4333
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVRV
Meaning : edge, side
Afroasiatic : Cush. *pVr- lip, face; Chad. *fVr- ground, Akk parattu Festland
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-bádì 'side'.
Notes : Several roots that need to be sorted out. Here Ainu *pra- 'mouth, edge'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pV́(ɦ)rV
Meaning: side, face
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *pŭrV
Meaning: part of face under the nose; nose
Proto-West Caucasian: *pʷA Notes: Phonetically and semantically the correspondence between PC and PWC is quite satisfactory.
caucet-meaning,caucet-cez,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *poro
Meaning: part of face under the nose
Bezhta: poro
Gunzib: poro
Comments: PGB *poro.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *pʷA
Meaning: nose
Abkhaz: a-pǝ́-nc̣a
Abaza: pǝnc̣a
Adyghe: pa
Kabardian: pa
Ubykh: fa-ć'á
Comments: PAT *pǝ-nǝ-ć̣a (cf. also Bz. a-pǝ́nć̣). Etymology of *-ć̣a (= Ub. -ć̣a) see under *(p-)ć̣a. PAK *pa. The morpheme *pʷA 'nose, front' does not occur independently outside AK, but is present in many compounds both in AA and Ubykh (cf. PAT *pǝ-lA 'meet', *pǝ-cǝ '(front) tooth' etc.; Ub. fa-La 'face' /'nose'+'eye'/ etc.). The PAT form *pǝnǝć̣a can not be kept apart from Osset. fɨnʒ 'nose' (see Abayev 1958, 497); since the PAT form has a clear morphological structure, we must acknowledge that it is also the ultimate source of Georg. ṗinčwi and Arm. pinǯ 'nostril'.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *b(h)ēr
Meaning: side
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kir,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 邊
Modern (Beijing) reading: biān
Preclassic Old Chinese: pēn
Classic Old Chinese: pēn
Western Han Chinese: pjān
Eastern Han Chinese: piān
Early Postclassic Chinese: piēn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: piēn
Late Postclassic Chinese: piēn
Middle Chinese: pien
English meaning : side, periphery of territory
Russian meaning[s]: 1) край; бок, сторона; опушка; берег; кайма, обшлаг; поля (бумаги); послелог: с края, около, сбоку; 2) граница; пограничный; сокр. ист. Пограничный район; 3) окраина, захолустье; 4) успешное начало, первый успех; 5) Бянь (фамилия)
Comments: Viet. bên is an older reading; regular Sino-Viet. is biên 'side, edge'. A loan from the same source (with nasal assimilation) may be Viet. miền 'region, district'.
Radical: 162
Four-angle index: 6559
Karlgren code: 0224 c-e
Go-on: hen
Kan-on: hen
Vietnamese reading: bên
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2449
Character: 邊
MC description : 山開四平仙幫
ZIHUI: 6708 1771
Beijing: pian 11
Jinan: piã 11
Xi'an: piã 11
Taiyuan: piɛ 1
Hankou: pian 11
Chengdu: pian 11
Yangzhou: pî̃ 11
Suzhou: pî 11
Wenzhou: pi 11
Changsha: piẽ 11
Shuangfeng: pî̃ 11
Nanchang: piɛn 11
Meixian: piɛn 11
Guangzhou: pin 11
Xiamen: pĩ 11
Chaozhou: pieŋ 11
Fuzhou: pieŋ 11
Shanghai: pî 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: pien 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *phä̀r
Meaning: side
Tulung: phar side, bank (of river), base (of tree, cliff), quarter (of vilage)
Kaling: phär bank; near, close, part of plant closest to the ground
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: pha:r
Grammar: n.
Meaning: base, fundament, foundation, bottom
Nepali: phed
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *pɔ̄r
Meaning: outer side, face
Ket: hɔĺ4, hɔʔl
Kottish: far-pag, farpax, pl. farpagan, farpakan 'tree bark'
Comments: Werner 1, 277, 322 (without comparison and reconstruction).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *pVʔr
Meaning: edge, bank
Proto-Austroasiatic: *pɛ:r Austroasiatic meaning: edge, bank
Proto-Austronesian: *SipaR
Austronesian meaning: opposite side, other shore, bank, across, river; *papaR cheek, temple, side, plank; 17:38
Austronesian code: 22:50
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-ancode,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *pɛ:r
Meaning: edge, bank
Proto-Katuic: Bru mpɛ:r.N
Proto-Khmu: ThK cǝmper
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-kmu,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: kpe:r
Meaning: side, flank, edge
Comments: JP derive the word from pe:r to turn
References: JP180
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-comm,kmret-ref,
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