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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Āŕ
Meaning: few, a little
Russian meaning: немного
Old Turkic: az (Orkh. ПМК, OUygh.) Turkish: az
Tatar: az, ɛz
Uzbek: ɔz
Uighur: az
Sary-Yughur: az
Azerbaidzhan: az
Turkmen: āz
Khakassian: as
Shor: as
Oyrat: as
Halaj: hȧz
Tuva: as
Kirghiz: az
Kazakh: az
Noghai: az
Bashkir: aδ, äδ
Balkar: az
Gagauz: az
Karaim: az
Karakalpak: az
Kumyk: az
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *āŕa
Meaning: small, scarce; recent
Russian meaning: малочисленный, редкий; недавний
Comments: EAS 110, KW 13, Владимирцов 361. Low tone in *àrà-tà- is probably secondary (a result of some contamination?); cf. Yonaguni (suffixless) àrà- < *árá- 'new'. Despite Doerfer MT 44, TM is hardly borrowed from Mong. (although some forms - Evk., Evn. arai - are). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *araj
Meaning: scarcely, just a little
Russian meaning: едва ли, слегка
Written Mongolian: arai (L 48) Middle Mongolian: aran (SH) Khalkha: araj
Buriat: araj
Kalmuck: arǟ
Ordos: arǟ
Shary-Yoghur: arān
Monguor: araŋ (SM 11), cf. aráaG 'ruines de ville où il ne reste plus que les murs des maisons detruites' (SM 11) Mogol: ZM arei 'so it is, is it so?' (27-7b) Comments: KW 13, MGCD 116. Mong. > Kirgh. araŋ, Oyr. araj etc. (ЭСТЯ 1, 167-168), Yak., Dolg. araj (Stachowski 36). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ara-
Meaning: scarcely
Russian meaning: едва
Evenki: aran
Even: arъ̣n
Spoken Manchu: arǝqǝn (2952)
Literary Manchu: arqan
Solon: arã
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ārắi
Meaning: yesterday, in the past
Russian meaning: вчера, в предыдущий день, в прошлом
Modern Korean: āre 'day before yesterday'
Middle Korean: ārắi, ārái
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *àrà-(ta-)
Meaning: new
Russian meaning: новый
Old Japanese: arata-
Middle Japanese: àtàrà-si
Tokyo: atarashí-
Kyoto: átáráshì-
Kagoshima: atarashí-
Yonakuni: àrà-
Comments: JLTT 383, 677, 826. The MJ and most modern form present a metathesis atarasi- < arata-si- (but cf. Yonakuni àrà- `new'); the stem *àràtà itself is preserved as a nominal and verbal stem (cf. *àràtà-ma- > Tokyo aratamé- 'to renew' etc.). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HVrV
Meaning: rare
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *er(e)-, *rē-
Meaning: friable, thin
Old Indian: loc. r̥té m. `with the exclusion of, excepting, without'; árma- m. pl. `ruins, rubbish', armaká- n. id.
Old Greek: erē̂mo- , jungatt. érēmo- `einsam, unbewohnt, verlassen'
Baltic: *er̃-t-a- adj.; *er̃d- vb. tr., *er̂-d-ē̂- vb., *er̂-d-a-, *ar̂-d-a- (1) adj., *ar̃-d-ī̂vb., *ar-d-uadj., *ar̂-d-ā̂ f., *ar̂-d-w-a-, *er̂-d-w-a- adj.; *ir̂- (1) vb. intr., *ir̃-d-en-a- adj.; *re-t-a- adj., *re-t-s-w-a- adj. Latin: rārus, -a `locker, dünn; vereinzelt, selten'
Russ. meaning: рыхлый, редкий
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: ре́дкий,
Near etymology: ре́док, редка́, ре́дко, сравн. степ. ре́же, укр. рiдки́й, блр. рэдкi, также "жидкий", др.-русск., ст.-слав. рѣдъкъ σπάνιος (Супр.), болг. ря́дък "редкий", сербохорв. ри̏jеткӣ, риjѐдак, ж. риjѐтка, словен. rẹ́dǝk, ж. rẹ́dka, чеш. řídký, слвц. riedky, польск. rzadki, в.-луж., н.-луж. rědki, полаб. rjódke.
Further etymology: Родственно лтш. rę̄ds, rę̃ns "редкий", лит. rė̃tis "сито из лыка", rẽtas "редкий", лат. rēte, -is ср. р. "рыболовная, охотничья сеть" (Фик, ВВ 2, 211; М.--Э. 3, 518, 520; Траутман, ВSW 12; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 288; Перссон 278, 638). Популярное сравнение с лит. er̃dvas "просторный" (Траутман, там же; Педерсен, IF 5, 56; KZ 38, 309 и сл.; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 418 и сл.; Миккола, Ursl. Gr. 3, 51) спорно из-за ударения; см. Лиден, Bland. Bidr. 26; Перссон 638; Брюкнер, KZ 46, 234; Торбьёрнссон 1, 10; Миккола, Ваlt. u. Slav. 44; Мейе--Эрну 997. См. ре́жа, режь.
Trubachev's comments: [Сравнение с лит. er̃dvas представлено еще у Вайана (Gramm. соmраrе́е, 1, стр. 161). -- Т.]
Pages: 3,458-459
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *er̃-t-a- adj.; *er̃d- vb. tr., *er̂-d-ē̂- vb., *er̂-d-a-, *ar̂-d-a- (1) adj., *ar̃-d-ī̂- vb., *ar-d-u- adj., *ar̂-d-ā̂ f., *ar̂-d-w-a-, *er̂-d-w-a- adj.; *ir̂- (1) vb. intr., *ir̃-d-en-a- adj.; *re-t-a- adj., *re-t-s-w-a- adj.
Meaning: disintegrate
Lithuanian: ardī́ti 'Zusammengefügtes lösen, auftrennen, zerlegen, abbrechen', ardù- 'brüchig, aufgelöst, losgelassen; frech, aufsässig'; árda, ardà 'Unordnung, mangelnde Übereinstimmung, Streitigkeiten'; érdēti 'auseinanderfallen, sich auflösen, sich auftrennen, aufgehen', ìrti (ī̃ra, ìrō) 'dass.'; árdva-, ar̃dva-, er̃dva- 'geräumig, ausgedehnt, weit', érdvē 'Raum', er̃ta- 'geräumig, weit, gross'; rẽta- `dünn, weitläufig, selten', rẽsva- `selten, dünn';, értinti 'ausweiten'
Lettish: ā̀rdît (-u, -ĩju) 'Zusammengefügtes trennen; Zusammengelegtes auseinanderbreiten, spreiten; etw. Aufgebautes auseinandernehmen, niederreissen', ir̃t (ir̃stu, iru) (/ ir̂t) 'sich auf-, lostrennen', ę̄̀rds, ārds, ā̀rdavs2 'locker, gewandt, geläufig, fliessend (von der Rede), geräumig, bequem', ḕrst (-žu, -du) 'auseinanderbringen, reffeln, trennen', ir̃dęns, irdans, ìrdins2 'mürbe, locker, weich; geläufig'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 500
Root: er-5, erǝ-, thematisch (e)r-ĕ-
English meaning: rare, loose, crumbly
German meaning: `locker, undicht, abstehend; auseinandergeben, auftrennen'
Material: Ai. r̥tē mit Abl., Akk. `mit Ausschluß von, ohne, außer' (Lok. eines Partiz. *r̥ta- `abgetrennt, abgesondert'), nírr̥ti-ḥ `Auflösung, Verwesung, Verderben'; ár-ma- Pl. `Trümmer, Ruinen', armaká- `trümmerhaft' oder n. `Trümmerstätte' (Bedeutung etwas unsicher); *erǝ- in īrma- `Wunde'; themat. *(e)r-e- in virala- `auseinanderstehend, undicht, selten'; gr. ἐρη̃μος, att. ἔρημος `einsam';
ganz unsicher lat. rārus `locker, nicht dicht, selten' (*erǝ-ró-s), eher glaublich rēte `Netz, Garn' (vgl. unten lit. rė̃tis, lett. rēta);
lit. yrù, ìrti `sich auflösen, trennen, paĩras `locker'; rė̃tis m. `Bastsieb' (mit unursprünglichem Schleifton, wie oft in i-Stämmen), lett. rēta, rēte `Narbe', rēni rudzi `undicht stehender Roggen'; lit. er̃tas `weit, geräumig' (`*auseinanderstehend'); von der leichten Basis rẽtas `dünn, weitläufig, selten' (von der themat. Wurzelf. *(e)r-e-, wie auch:) rẽsvąs `selten, dünn', paresvis `spärlich';
aksl. oriti `auflösen, stürzen, zerstören' (Kaus. *oréi̯ō `mache auseinandergehen'), skr. obòriti `niederwerfen', čech. obořiti `zerstören', russ. razorítь ds.
er-dh-:
ai. ŕ̥dhak `besonders, abgesondert', árdha-ḥ `Teil, Seite, Hälfte', ardhá- `halb', n. `Teil, Hälfte';
lit. ardaũ, -ýti `trennen, spalten' (Kaus., wie ksl. oriti) ; er̃dvas `weit, geräumig', lett. ā̀rdaws, ir̃dens `locker, mürbe', ḕrds `locker, bequem (geräumig'), ir̃dít, ir̃dinât `lockern, trennen', ḕržu, ḕrdu, ḕrst `trennen'.
rē-dh-:
aksl. rědъkъ `selten' (wohl stoßtonig, vgl. čech. řidký, sloven. rẹ́dǝk, trotz serb.-kroat. rȉjedkī, rîdkī);
über ered- s. oben S. 329 f., über ereu- unter besonderem Artikel unten S. 337.
Inwieweit die von Persson Beitr. 666, 773, 839 f. als Erweiterungen unseres *er(ǝ)- betrachteten Wurzeln rē-d- `scharren', rei-, reu- `aufreißen' ihr wirklich entstammen, ist fraglich; die bei *er(ǝ)- besonders ausgeprägte Bedeutung des lockern, undichten, auseinanderstehenden lassen sie ganz vermissen oder wenigstens nicht als herrschende Bedeutung erkennen.
References: WP. I 142 f., Trautmann 12 f.
Pages: 332-333
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ar-
Meaning : rare
Proto-South Dravidian: *ar- Notes : The original root was probably monosyllabic, due to the lack of stems like *aruvu in SDR. // Present in 2/6 branches.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ar-
Meaning : rare
Tamil : aru (arum, ār)
Tamil meaning : rare, difficult, etc.
Tamil derivates : aritu that which is difficult, rare, precious; ariya difficult; arumai rareness, smallness; difficulty; arumanta rare, precious; aruku (aruki-) to become scarce, diminished, be reduced, happen rarely, disappear; arukku (arukki-) to make scarce, reduce, put a stop to, destroy; regard as precious; n. scarceness; arukkam smallness, brevity; arukkāṇi rareness, preciousness; aruŋku, aruntal, aruvam rareness; aruppam difficulty, fort; (PPTI) aruppu the natural protection of a forest; arakku (arakki-) to cause to diminish; āri difficulty; āriya little, delicate
Malayalam : aru
Malayalam meaning : rare, unusual, impossible
Malayalam derivates : ariya rare, uncommon; aruma, arima superiority, importance; difficulty; arippam difficulty; arutu what ought not to be, impossibility; arukuka to diminish
Kannada : aradu, aridu, arudu
Kannada meaning : that is impossible, wonderful, great or important
Tulu : arkuni
Tulu meaning : to become less, be humbled, depressed
Notes : Tamil forms with the long vowel (āri, āriya) are not backed up by any other evidence and have to be considered secondary.
Number in DED : 0221
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *arǝ-
Meaning : to reduce, subdue
Kota : arg- (argy-) "to be reduced (water by evaporation), (swelling) goes down, become reformed in character, be depressed (because of poverty)"
Toda : arx- (arxy-) "to be subdued"
Additional forms : Also Kota ark- (arky-) to use up extravagantly; Toda ark- (arky-) to subdue; arkm state of being subdued
Number in DED : 221
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *arV-d-
Meaning : rare, scarce, excellent; n. rarity, marvel, surprise
Telugu : arudu
Additional forms : Also arudandu, arudu-paḍu to wonder; aridi rare, uncommon, difficult, impossible, wonder, surprise, astonishment
Number in DED : 221
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVRV
Meaning : rare, new
Notes : Very shaky. Does Basque *ber̄i 'new' belong here, too?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḫVy/war-
Meaning: be good
Notes: Arabism in CCh?
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-cch,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1013
Proto-Semitic: *ḫVyVr-
Meaning: 'be favourable'
Arabic: ḫyr [-i-]
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *(Ha)dam(-an)-
Meaning: 'rain' 1, 'rainy season' 2, 'cloud' 3
Hausa: dā̀munā 2
Angas: tam [Fl ??] 'drop'
Tangale: hadam 3 [JgT]
Ngizim: dǝ̀mán 2 [ShN] (< Hausa?)
Bade: demanu 1 [??] , dàmànǝ́n 2 [Kr N 124]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-ang,wchet-tng,wchet-ngz,wchet-bad,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *xwar
Meaning: 'good'
Ngweshe: xwàrà [Kr N 293]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-gvo,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *bV́ɣuh
Meaning: new
Austroasiatic meaning: new
Proto-Austronesian: *baqeRuh
Austronesian meaning: new
Proto-Thai: *pānA (Li) ?
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: pVj
Meaning: new
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-vim,aaet-asli,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *bʔǝ:jʔ
Meaning: new
Vietnamese: mo'́i
Tum: bǝɨj.212
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-tum,
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Aslian etymology :
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Proto-Aslian: *pa:j
Meaning: new
Semoq Beri: spaj
Jahai: paj
Jah-Hut: paj
Semai: pa:j
Temiar: pa:j
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-ber,asliet-jhi,asliet-jah,asliet-smi,asliet-tmi,
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