Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 213

Proto-Bushman : *ǀam

Meaning : sun

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀam

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Notes : A good PNK root with reliable parallels in CK. Borrowing for such cases is possible, but not too likely.

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *are

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to like, love

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : àrè

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): are

!Kung (Vedder): àrè "to wonder"

Notes : Cf. also gạre "to love, want, wish" (V.), gắrē "to rejoice" (Wil.)

References : Bleek 11, 43; Dickens 188; Snyman 17.

RefLex number: 15

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *cimV

Meaning : sun, day

Proto-Bushman : *|am

Proto-Khoe : *|áḿ

Sandawe : *c̣imaŋ

Notes : NK forms are sometimes thought to represent an old borrowing from Khoe, but the possibility of common inheritance is equally strong (the word is firmly reconstructible for North Khoisan, and, on the other hand, not found in Nama - the most obvious source of borrowing - in the meaning 'sun'). If the Sandawe form belongs here, what we have is quite possibly a bisyllabic structure reduction with secondary click formation: *cVmV- > *cVm- > *|Vm-.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *|áḿ

Meaning : sun, day

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *|am

West Khoe : *|áḿ

East Khoe : *|áḿ

Notes : Baucom: Buka |am, ɡ|am, Molepole tsʔam, Tsau ɡ|am.

References : Baucom 34; Vossen 492.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *|am

Meaning : to heat up, become hot

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : |gam

References : Haacke 58; Rust 75.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *|áḿ

Meaning : sun, day

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : |áḿ

Kxoe (Hukwe) : |ám; |áḿ (Kö.)

Buga : |áḿ

|Ganda : |áḿ

Naro : |áḿ; |kám, |ám (Ba.)

|Gwi : |áḿ; |àm (Ta.)

//Gana : |áḿ; |àm (Ta.)

#Haba : |áḿ

References : Barnard 33; KH; Tanaka 93; Visser 5; Vossen 492.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *|áḿ

Meaning : sun, day

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : |áḿ

Cara : |áḿ

Tsixa : |áḿ

Danisi : |áḿ

Kua : |áḿ

Tsua : |áḿ

Hietshware : |kam

Sehura : $gam

References : Bleek 687; Dornan 100; Vossen 492.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *c̣imaŋ

Meaning : to glitter, shine

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : ts'imang'k'oe, ts'imang'k'we (K.); ts'imankwe (Kim.)

References : Kagaya 104; Kimmenade 59.

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