Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 228

Proto-Bushman : *ǀʷʔɔ̃

Meaning : tree

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *ʔʘnɔ̀

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ʘo

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ǀʔõ

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Nasalisation in PT is probably secondary (there is no trace of a nsal efflux whatsoever in any of the !Wi forms). If the vowel was originally nasal, this may have been the result of a transposition of nasal articulation onto the efflux before a consonantal class suffix (i. e. *ʘʔɔ̃-je > *ʔʘnɔ-je).

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ʔʘnɔ̀

Stems : *ʔʘnɔ̀-je

Meaning : tree

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ʔʘnàje 3 e II, pl. ʔʘnã̀ 2 u II

Masarwa : ʘmoē, ʘmoi

|Nu//en : ʘʔā; ʘpwarre "firewood"

!Xoong derivates : dim. ʔʘnàje-bà/ʘàa

References : Bleek 682, 683, 684, 685; Traill 51.

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *ʘo

Meaning : tree

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : ʘho, pl. ʘ̥ōgǝn, ʘhōkǝn (B.); pl. ʘhoken, ʘhōkǝn (Ll.)

//Ng : ʘbo, ʘbɔ, ʘho, pl. ʘhogǝn

N|huki : ʘoo, ʘooke "wood"

#Khomani : ʘgo̯ke "firewood", ʘkho=si "branch" (Dk.); ʘgo (Mg.)

//Kxau : ʘō⁺, pl. ʘọ̄-kn

!Gã!ne : ʘpo-s "wood"

//Xegwi (Batwa) : ʘho, pl. ʘhōgǝn

|Auni : -ʘbwaa, -ʘbwasa, ʘpo; ʘhoa "stick to beat musical bow with, firestick"; ʘpwɔnke "bushes, screen"

|Haasi : ʘboei "wood"

|Nusan : ʘhoggen "wood, tree"

References : Bleek 682, 683, 684, 685; \X<1.144>NFn; Maingard 242; Meinhof 1929\x: 184.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *|ʔõ

Meaning : tree

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : |ʔon (C.); |ʔṍ (G.); |ū̂, |ʔū̂ (T.)

References : Collins 2001: 457; Gruber 1975: 5; Traill 1973: 32.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *|ʷʔo [~]

Meaning : tree

Proto-Bushman : *|ʷʔɔ̃

Notes : Only Peripheral Khoisan. Labial click articulation in South Khoisan may be secondary, as in other cases.

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