Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *sa

Meaning : to refuse, decline; to miss

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *sa

West Khoe : *sa

East Khoe : *sa

References : Vossen 413, 500-501.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *sa

Meaning : to miss

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : sā "to miss, fail to hit"

!Ora : sa₃ (Wu.)

References : Haacke 33; Rust 338-9; Wuras 35.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *sa

Meaning : 1 to refuse, decline; 2 to miss

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : sâ 1; sá 2

Kxoe (Hukwe) : śá 1, śáà 2; çǎ 2 (Kö.)

Buga : sâ 1; sá 2

|Ganda : sâ 1; sâ 2

//Gana : sá 2

#Haba : sá 2

Notes : Different tonal characteristics in Kxoe may suggest that the two roots are different, but this is very scarce evidence.

References : KH; Vossen 413, 500-501.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *sa

Meaning : 1 to refuse, decline; 2 to miss

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : sá 2

Deti : sǎ2

Cara : sá 2

Tsixa : sá 1, 2

Danisi : sá 1, 2

Kua : sá 2

Tsua : sá 2

References : Vossen 413, 500-501.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *sV

Meaning : to refuse

Proto-Khoe : *sa

Sandawe : *is[i]

Notes : A possible Khoe-Sandawe isogloss (suggesting vowel reduction in Khoe).

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *is[i]

Meaning : to refuse

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : 'ịs (D.); ʔísì̥ (E.); ʔis(i) (K.); iss' (Kim.)

References : Dempwolff 46; Elderkin 1983: 515; Kagaya 80; Kimmenade 43.

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