Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *ɳ!ú

Meaning : land

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

West Khoe : *ɳ!ú

East Khoe : *ŋú

Notes : Baucom: Shua, Buka nu. For Proto-Khoekhoe, cf. either *!hũ "earth" or *!u "land", although neither is satisfactory phonologically.

References : Baucom 23; Vossen 461.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *ɳ!ú

Meaning : land

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : ŋú

Kxoe (Hukwe) : ŋú (Kö.)

Buga : ŋǔ

|Ganda : ŋú

Naro : ɳ!nú (V.)

|Gwi : ɳ!ú

//Gana : ŋú

#Haba : ŋú

References : Vossen 461.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *ŋú

Meaning : land

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : ŋú

Cara : ŋú

Tsixa : ŋú

Danisi : ŋú

Kua : ŋú

Tsua : nù

References : Vossen 461.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *ɳ!u

Meaning : land, country

Proto-Bushman : *ɳ!u

Proto-Khoe : *ɳ!ú

Sandawe : *!ʔuma (?)

Notes : See Honken 1998: 181. A cultural term, easily borrowed, although the internal structure of the word in !Xóõ is too complex to be explained as a recent borrowing. The status of the Sandawe form is unclear - but it is not incompatible with Khoe data.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 412

Proto-Bushman : *ɳ!u

Meaning : land, country

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *ɳ!ú

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

ǂHoan : *ɳ!u

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

References : Honken 1998: 181.

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ɳ!ú

Meaning : country, area, territory

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ɳ!úle 3 I, pl. ɳ!ún-sã́ 2 I

!Xoong derivates : dim. kâ-ɳ!ũ̀-bà/ʘàa, kâ-ɳ!ũ̀-mà, ɳ!ũ̀ ʘàa 3 II / ɳ!ùlu-bâ 3 I, pl. (kâ)-ɳ!ùlu ʘʔâni / kâ-ɳ!ún-sá ʘʔâni 2 I; ɳ!ũ̂ 3 II "territory" (?)

References : Traill 96, 97.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *ɳ!u

Meaning : country

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : ɳ!uu (T.)

References : Traill 1986: 423.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *!ʔuma

Meaning : ground, land, soil

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : !'uma (D.); !'úmá (E.); ǂʔuma (K.); !'úma (Kim.); !ʔúma (TBW)

References : Dempwolff 42; Elderkin 1998: 26; Kagaya 76; Kimmenade 70; TBW 308.

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