Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *ɳ!úɛ́

Meaning : porcupine

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *ɳ!oa

West Khoe : *ɳ!úɛ́

East Khoe : *ŋúɛ́

References : Baucom 25; Vossen 494.

Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *ɳ!oa

Meaning : porcupine

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : !noa-b/-s/-i

!Ora : !nȯȧ-s; !nõãs (Wu.)

Notes : Griqua !noa-s (Paul Kars), !nõã-s (Waterbur); Griqua !noa-b "pig" (Dirk Kok) (?).

References : Haacke 108; Meinhof 139, 150; Wuras 40.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *ɳ!úɛ́

Meaning : porcupine

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : ɳ!núɛ́

Kxoe (Hukwe) : ŋgwɛ́ (Kö.)

|Ganda : ŋgúé

Naro : ɳ!núé (V.); nǂúéé, n!úéé (Ba.)

|Gwi : ɳ!núè; n||oe (Ta.)

//Gana : ŋúé; n||oe (Ta.)

#Haba : ŋúé

References : Barnard 38; Tanaka 73; Vossen 494.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *ŋúɛ́

Meaning : porcupine

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : ŋgúé

Deti : ŋúé

Cara : ŋgúé

Tsixa : ŋgúɛ́

Danisi : ŋgúé

Kua : ŋgúé

Tsua : gúé

Hietshware : gwee

Sehura : úmkwe

References : Bleek 248; Dornan 96; Vossen 494.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *!̯NʔU- (?)

Meaning : porcupine

Proto-Bushman : *!̯ʔom

Proto-Khoe : *ɳ!úɛ́

Notes : The connection is not obvious (different suffixes in Khoe and Peripheral Khoisan?).

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 837

Proto-Bushman : *!̯ʔom

Meaning : porcupine

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *!̯ʼom

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Notes : NK only with possible external correlates.

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: *!̯ʼom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: porcupine

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : !ʼóm (n2) // !ʼóm-!ʰú (n5 -si) "porcupine quill", (n3) "game played with porcupine quills"; (?) !ʼóm-kò-ɡ!xã̏ũ̏ (n3 -si) "plant spp., Patamenes zambesiacus, Gladiolus psittacinus"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : !ʼuːm

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀŭmm̀ ~ ǀǀʼum̀ ~ ǀǀʼum̀m ~ ǀǀʼuḿm

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀʼòm

Kavango : ǀǀʼőm

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $kum. Shortridge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): !ʼom. Shortridge (!Kung): !ʼom.

References : Bleek 491, 493, 592, 628, 689; Dickens 324; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1980: 16.

RefLex number: 2527

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